Cheney Reservoir

Cheney Reservoir

KDOT map of Reno County (legend)
Location Sedgwick / Kingman /
Reno counties in Kansas
Coordinates 37°45′35″N 97°50′06″W / 37.75972°N 97.83500°W / 37.75972; -97.83500Coordinates: 37°45′35″N 97°50′06″W / 37.75972°N 97.83500°W / 37.75972; -97.83500
Type Reservoir
Primary inflows North Fork Ninnescah River
Primary outflows North Fork Ninnescah River
Catchment area 1,036 sq mi (2,680 km2)
Basin countries United States
Managing agency U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
Built 1962
First flooded November 1964
Surface area 9,550 acres (38.6 km2)
Max. depth 42 feet (13 m)[1]
Water volume Full: 167,074 acre·ft (206,083,000 m3)[2]
Current (Nov. 2015): 156,432 acre·ft (192,956,000 m3)[3]
Shore length1 67 miles (108 km)
Surface elevation Full: 1,422 ft (433 m)[2]
Current (Nov. 2015): 1,421 ft (433 m)[3]
Settlements Mount Vernon, St. Joe, Cheney, Pretty Prairie
References [4]
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Cheney Reservoir is a reservoir on the North Fork Ninnescah River in Reno, Kingman, and Sedgwick counties of Kansas in the United States.[5] Built and managed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for local water supply, it is also used for flood control and recreation. Cheney State Park is located on its shore.[5]

History

The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and later the Arkansas-Red-White Basin Interagency Committee established in 1950, conducted studies on the Ninnescah River basin as part of an investigation of the broader Arkansas River basin. The investigation resulted in a water-use and control plan including the construction of reservoirs and the use of available water as a regulated supply for the city of Wichita, Kansas. Wichita needed an additional water supply to supplement its existing supply wells. The water of the Arkansas River was of poor quality and too polluted to use, leaving the Ninnescah as the next closest potential source. The Bureau of Reclamation issued a report in 1957, and the U.S. Congress authorized the construction of Cheney Dam and Reservoir in 1960.[5]

Construction began in 1962 and finished in 1965. Storage of water in the reservoir began with the closure of the river outlet works in November 1964, and delivery of water to the city of Wichita began in the summer of 1965. Conservation storage of water increased until the reservoir was filled in October 1968.[5]

Geography

Cheney Reservoir is located at 37°45′35″N 97°50′06″W / 37.75972°N 97.83500°W / 37.75972; -97.83500 (37.7597113, -97.8350121) at an elevation of 1,421 feet (433 m).[4] It lies in south-central Kansas in the Wellington Lowlands region of the Great Plains.[6] Most of the reservoir lies in Reno County though its southwestern portion extends into Kingman County, and a small portion along the dam lies within Sedgwick County.[7][8][9] The junction of the three counties' borders lies in the reservoir.[6]

The reservoir is impounded at its southeastern end by Cheney Dam (National ID # KS00017). The dam is located at 37°43′31″N 97°47′51″W / 37.72528°N 97.79750°W / 37.72528; -97.79750 (37.7252898, -97.7975511) at an elevation of 1,417 feet (432 m).[10] The middle portion of Cheney Dam lies in the northwest corner of Sedgwick County, its southwestern end lies in Kingman County, and its northeastern end lies in Reno County.[7][8][9] The North Fork Ninnescah River is both the reservoir's primary inflow from the northwest and its outflow to the southeast.[6]

Kansas Highway 251, which runs north-south, connects the reservoir to U.S. Route 54 4 miles (6.4 km) to the south and the community of Cheney 5.5 miles (8.9 km) to the south. Below the dam, the highway becomes a paved county road and turns northeast, running parallel to the dam then finally turning east. 21st Street North, another paved county road, runs east-west immediately south of the dam.[9]

There are two settlements at Cheney Reservoir, both unincorporated: Mount Vernon, located 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the dam, and St. Joe, located 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the reservoir's southeastern end.[7][8]

Hydrography

The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir fluctuate based on inflow and local climatic conditions.[3] In terms of capacity, the Bureau of Reclamation vertically divides the reservoir into a set of pools based on volume and water level, and it considers the reservoir full when filled to the capacity of its active conservation pool.[2][3] When full, Cheney Reservoir has a surface area of 9,550 acres (38.6 km2), a surface elevation of 1,422 feet (433 m), and a volume of 167,074 acre feet (206,083,000 m3).[1][2] When filled to maximum capacity, it has an approximate surface area of 26,000 acres (110 km2), a surface elevation of 1,453 feet (443 m), and a volume of 699,278 acre feet (862,547,000 m3).[2][11]

The streambed underlying the reservoir has an elevation of 1,368 feet (417 m).[2]

Infrastructure

Cheney Dam has a structural height of 126 feet (38 m) and a length of 24,458 feet (7,455 m). At its crest, it has an elevation of 1,454 feet (443 m).[12] Its upstream face is covered with soil cement while its downstream face consists of a 12-foot (3.7 m) layer of topsoil and grass. It has an uncontrolled spillway that leads to a conduit and stilling basin as well as two sets of outlet works: one for the river and one for Wichita's municipal water supply.[5]

Management

The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation owns and operates the dam and reservoir for flood control and municipal water supply purposes as part of its Wichita Project. The City of Wichita operates a pumping facility below the dam which pipes water to a treatment plant in the city.[5] The Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism (KDWP) manages 5,439 acres (22.01 km2) of land around the reservoir as the Cheney Wildlife Area.[13]

Parks and recreation

The KDWP operates Cheney State Park located on both shores of the reservoir's southern end. The 1,913-acre (7.74 km2) park is divided into two areas: the East Shore Area and the West Shore Area. Both areas include boat ramps, campgrounds, and swimming beaches. The East Shore Area also hosts a full-service marina, and the West Shore Area includes hiking trails as well as the Ninnescah Sailing Center.[14]

Cheney Reservoir is open for sport fishing year-round. Hunting is permitted on the public land around the reservoir although it is restricted in certain areas. In addition, certified range officers operate the Cheney Shooting Range on weekends at the north end of the Cheney Wildlife Area.[15]

Wildlife

Fish species resident in the reservoir include channel catfish, crappie, striped bass, walleye, white bass, and wiper.[15] Two invasive species, the white perch and the zebra mussel, live in the lake as well.[1] Game animals living around the reservoir include doves, pheasants, quail, rabbits, and wild turkeys. Other land animals in the area include beavers, bobcats, muskrats, opossums, raccoons, red foxes, and skunks.[15]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Cheney Reservoir Fishing Information". Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Cheney Reservoir Allocations" (PDF). U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Current Reservoir Data for Cheney Dam, KS". U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
  4. 1 2 "Cheney Reservoir". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Wichita Project". U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  6. 1 2 3 "2003-2004 Official Transportation Map" (PDF). Kansas Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  7. 1 2 3 "Reno County, Kansas - General Highway Map". Kansas Department of Transportation. July 2010. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  8. 1 2 3 "Kingman County, Kansas - General Highway Map". Kansas Department of Transportation. November 2011. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  9. 1 2 3 "Sedgwick County, Kansas - General Highway Map". Kansas Department of Transportation. November 2011. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  10. ↑ "Cheney Dam". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  11. ↑ "Burns & McDonnell Report - Chapter 5" (PDF). U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
  12. ↑ "Cheney Dam". U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
  13. ↑ "Cheney Wildlife Area". Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
  14. ↑ "Cheney State Park" (PDF). Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
  15. 1 2 3 "Cheney Reservoir & Wildlife Area" (PDF). Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism. Retrieved 2015-10-19.

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