Charleston Female Seminary

This article is about the school in South Carolina. For the school in Massachusetts, see Charlestown Female Seminary (Massachusetts).
Charleston Female Seminary

Charleston Female Seminary at its Philip Street location
"A sound mind in a sound body."
Location
Charleston, South Carolina
United States
Information
Type Private, All-Female
Religious affiliation(s) Christian
Established 1870
Founder Henrietta "Etta" Aiken Kelly

The Charleston Female Seminary, also known as Miss Kelly's School, was a private Christian[1] school for wealthy white girls in Charleston, South Carolina.

History

The school was opened in 1870 by Henrietta "Etta" Aiken Kelly (March 17, 1844 – January 18, 1916)[upper-alpha 1] initially in her own home.[2] Kelly, who was an expert on silk worms,[3] had earlier sought to have female students admitted to study at the College of Charleston. After that effort proved unsuccessful, she established the Charleston Female Seminary to offer females access to higher education.[4] Beginning in 1872, the school was housed on 50 Philip Street,[2][5] in a building constructed in 1871 by architect John Henry Devereux.[6][7] Devereux used "mixed Roman" Italianate architecture, and "an arcaded and pedimented facade".[6][8]

Kelly ran the school using the motto Mens sana in corpore sano and incorporated physical education into the curriculum.[2]

In the 1890s, the school occupied the Benjamin Lazarus House on 151 Wentworth Street, at which time a third floor was added to the building.[1] "From 1882 to 1896, the building housed Miss Kelly and boarders of her 'rigorous but genteel' academy".[9][10] Thereafter, it was at a location that became the Nathaniel Russell House at 51 Meeting Street.[11]

Historical context

The establishment of Female seminaries was a cultural trend across the United States. They were associated with a large and growing trend toward women's equality.[12] Beginning round 1815 and close to the Civil War, it has been said to be at the confluence of various liberation movements.[12][13][14]

Southern iterations were "among the most advanced in the country" offering the equivalent of four-year college programs even before the American Civil War.[14] It was part of "an unprecedented social experiment in women's education."[15] Southern female seminaries educated daughters and "education in a renowned and fashionable seminary conferred social capital as well as intellectual and artistic satisfaction".[14] The continuing changes at Charleston Female Seminary aligned with trends throughout the United States. They included ever growing facilities in a more institutional format. Classical building structures became a norm, and were in sharp contrast to earlier forms of female education which moved from boarding schools and private education to seminaries. By midcentury, "female seminaries and academies were everywhere, replacing the homelike atmosphere of boarding schools with a more institutional setting". These larger buildings housed "dormitory rooms, chapels, dining halls, and classrooms".[14] The timing of the opening of a female seminary in 1870 was significant, as there was a retrenchment in female education following the Civil War.[15]

Another Charleston female seminary was Miss Murthen's Seminary for Young Ladies.[16]

Distinguished alumnae

A notable alumna was author Beatrice Witte Ravenel (August 24, 1870 – March 15, 1956),[17] mother of the South Carolina architectural historiographer Beatrice St. Julien Ravenel (October 3, 1904 – December 2, 1990).[18][19][20][21]

Another was Hermine Kean Bulwinkle (1868–1942), who married Solomon Anderson Wolff (1861–1954) in 1890. Both were on the faculty Gaston College, Dallas, N.C.[22]

A third notable alumna was Sarah Campbell Allan (1861–1954), who went on to become a physician in spite of educational and professional barriers she encountered as a woman. After completing a medical preparatory course at the South Carolina College for Women in Columbia and studying medicine at the Women's Medical College of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, in 1894 she was licensed as a physician by the state of South Carolina. She was the only woman in the pool of applicants examined by the South Carolina Medical Board that year, the first time the board sat to examine applicants, and she received the board's highest grade. As a doctor, for 11 years Allan worked with female patients at the South Carolina Hospital for the Insane in Columbia and taught anatomy and physiology to nursing students.[4]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Henrietta Kelly was well born to a prominent Charleston family, with a "silver spoon in her mouth". Henrietta Aiken's christening set is silver with gilt and "finely engraved with the Aiken crest" probably engraved in a northern city. It originated with Heloise boudo (d. 1837), who was a Charleston silver dealer specializing in spoons. Cup and spoon, c. 1827–1837. Charleston, S.C. "2007 Annual Report" (pdf). Historic Charleston Foundation. 2007. Retrieved January 17, 2012. Her parents were William Kelly (1799–1882) and Mary Stoll Kelly (1811–1867). She is buried at Magnolia Cemetery in Charleston. Henrietta Aikin Kelly at Find a Grave.

References

  1. 1 2 Poston, Jonathan H. (1997-12). The buildings of Charleston: a guide to the city's architecture. University of South Carolina Press. p. 579. ISBN 978-1-57003-202-8. Retrieved 17 January 2012. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. 1 2 3 Mazyck, Arthur (1875). Guide to Charleston illustrated: being a sketch of the history of Charleston, S. C. with some account of its present condition, with numerous engravings. Charleston, South Carolina: Walker, Evans, and Cogswell. pp. 176–179.
  3. ↑ Kelly, Henrietta Aiken (1903). The culture of the mulberry silkworm. Washington DC: Department of Agriculture, Government Printing Office. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  4. 1 2 Wooten, Nancy C. (3 March 2007), "Beautiful faces without names", Times and Democrat (Orangeburg, South Carolina), retrieved 8 February 2012
  5. ↑ Johnston, Frances Benjamin (1864–1952), photographer (1937). "Charleston Female Seminary, 50 Philip St., Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina". Library of Congress. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  6. 1 2 "Philip Street". Charleston County Public Library. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  7. ↑ Guide to Charleston illustrated: being a sketch of the history of Charleston, S. C. with some account of its present condition, with numerous engravings. Walker, Evans & Cogswell. 1875. pp. 177–79.
  8. ↑ Whitelaw, Robert N. S.; Levkoff, Alice F. (1976). Charleston, come hell or high water: a history in photographs. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press. p. 89.
  9. ↑ "151 Wentworth St. c.1849". Charleston County Public Library. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
  10. ↑ Thomas (September 27, 1971). "Do you Know Your Charleston (DYKYC)". The Post and Courier.
  11. ↑ Breibart, Solomon (2005). Explorations in Charleston's Jewish History, Volume 1. The History Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-59629-047-1. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  12. 1 2 Donnaway, Laura. "Women's Rights Before the Civil War". The Student Historical Journal 1984–1985. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  13. ↑ Melder, Keith E. (1977). Beginnings of Sisterhood: The American Woman's Rights Movement, 1800–1850. New York: Schocken Books. p. 15.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Academies & Seminaries" Women’s Education Home Page". Women's Education Evolves, 1790–1890 – Selected Primary Works from the W.L. Clements Library (William L. Clements Library University of Michigan). Retrieved January 17, 2012.
  15. 1 2 Farnham, Christie Anne (January 1, 1994). The Education of the Southern Belle (Hardcover). NYU Press. p. 208. ISBN 0-8147-2615-1. ISBN 978-0-8147-2615-0
  16. ↑ Lewis, J.D. (2007). "South Carolina – Antebellum Educational Opportunities". Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Beatrice Witte Ravenel". Find a Grave. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Collection Number: 03944 Collection Title: Beatrice Witte Ravenel Papers, 1892–1948". Southern Historical Collection. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
  19. ↑ "From the Collections: Beatrice Witte Ravenel" (pdf). The Charlestown Reader (Charlestown Library Society) X (2): 1. Fall 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  20. ↑ Ravenel, Beatrice St. Julien (1904–1990); Julien, Carl (photographs); Carolina Art Association (1992). Architects of Charleston. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press. p. 295. ISBN 0-87249-828-X. LCCN 91034126.
  21. ↑ "Beatrice St. Julien Ravenel". Find a Grave. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  22. ↑ "Collection Number: 04160 Title: Hermine Kean Bulwinkle Wolff Papers, 1878–1892". Southern Historical Collection University of North Carolina. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
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