Charles L. Webster and Company

Samuel Clemens founded Charles L. Webster and Company in 1884. The firm closed in 1894 after Clemens declared bankruptsy.
Photo: Sarony 1895

In 1884, author and journalist Samuel Clemens, popularly known as Mark Twain, founded the subscription publishing firm of Charles L. Webster and Company. ^[1] The firm was named after Clemens' niece’s husband Charles L. Webster whom Clemens appointed the firm's business director. The formation of the company came out of Clemens' dissatisfaction with his previous publishers including Charles H. Webb, Elisha Bliss, and James R. Osgood. Clemens wanted to earn a dual income as both author and publisher of books.^[1] The first two American publications of the firm, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) and the Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant (1885) were highly successful. The Ulysses S. Grant memoir publication in particular financially helped Grant and his family at a time when Grant was sick having been diagnosed with throat cancer. Grant was former President of the United States and top commanding general during the Civil War and Reconstruction. After Grant died, Clemens gave Grant's widowed wife, Julia, a substantial record royalty check of $200,000 dollars.^[1] According to Webster, prior to his death, Grant dictated the last part of the second volume to a stenographer working for the firm, due to writing fatigue, starting with Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox.^[2] Webster, who accompanied the stenographer, respected Grant's reputation and honored Grant's request to keep secret from reporters that Grant dictated part of the book.^[2]

Other books later published by the firm were not as successful and soon Clemens had to reinvest profits back into the firm to make up for losses. In 1888, as the company financially suffered, Clemens fired director Charles L. Webster, who both were at odds on how to successfully run the firm.^[1] Webster, himself, had been overworked traveling throughout the United States visiting the firm's principle agents.^{[1] [2]} As the firm grew deeper in debt, Clemens was forced to shut down the business having formally declared bankruptsy on April 18, 1894. ^[1] The firms most productive years took place from 1891 to 1893. Notable authors published, including Clemens, were Leo Tolstoy, Henry George, and Walt Whitman.

Charles L. Webster and Company ad for Samuel Clemen's popular book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Selected list of published books

1884

• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn United Kingdom by Samuel Clemens

1885

• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn United States by Samuel Clemens
• Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant Volumes 1 & 2 by Ulysses S. Grant

1886

• McClellan's Own Story: The War for the Union, the Soldiers Who Fought It, the Civilians Who Directed It, and His Relations to It and to Them by George B. McClellan

1887

• Tenting on the Plains; or, General Custer in Kansas and Texas by Elizabeth Custer
• The Life of Pope Leo the XIII by Father Bernard O'Reilly

1888

• Personal Memoirs of P.H. Sheridan, General, United States Army Volumes 1 & 2 by Philip Sheridan

1889

• The Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling, Orator, Statesman, Advocate by Alfred R. Conkling
• A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court by Samuel Clemens

1890

• Memoirs of Gen. W. T. Sherman by William T. Sherman

1891

• Adventures of a Fair Rebel by Matt Crim
• Tinkletop's Crime by George Robert Sims
• Ivan the Fool; or, The Old Devil and the Three Small Devils, also A Lost Opportunity, and Polikshka

by Leo Tolstoy

1892

• The Master of Silence: A Romance by Irving Bacheller
• Moonblight and Six Feet of Romance by Daniel C. Beard
• The German Emperor and His Eastern Neighbors by Poultney Bigelow
• Writings of Christopher Columbus, Descriptive of the Discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus
• Life is Worth Living, and Other Stories by Leo Tolstoy
• The American Claimant by Samuel Clemens
• Merry Tales by Samuel Clemens
• Selected Poems by Walt Whitman
• Autobiographia, or, the Story of a Life by Walt Whitman

1893

• A Catastrophe in Bohemia and Other Stories by Henry S. Brooks
• The Art of Sketching by Gustave B. Fraipont
• Social Problems by Henry George
• Stories from the Rabbis by Abram Samuel Isaacs
• The £1,000,000 Bank-note and Other New Stories by Samuel Clemens

1894

• Tom Sawyer Abroad by Samuel Clemens
• Alfred Lord Tennyson by Arthur Waugh

References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Cornell University (2010).
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The Kansas City Star (June 25, 1887).

Sources

• "Charles L. Webster and Company". Cornell University Library. Cornell University. 2010. Retrieved 06-03-2014.  Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
• "The Publisher of Grant's Book He Tells How the General Was Induced to Write - Some New Books - Mark Twain's Cyclopedia of Wit and Humor". Twainquotes. 1997. Retrieved 06-04-2014.  Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)