Ceramide-activated protein phosphatase

Ceramide-activated protein phosphatases (CAPPs) are a group of enzymes that are activated by the lipid second messenger ceramide. Known CAPPs include protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).

References

Proteins: enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

Cell signaling: lipid signaling

Extracellular

Eicosanoids	Classic: Eoxins; Leukotrienes (LTR) Prostacyclin (IPR) Prostaglandins (PGR) Thromboxane (TXR) Nonclassic: EETs Endocannabinoids (CBR) Epi-lipoxins (FPR2) Hepoxilins Isoprostanes Lipoxins (FPR2) Oxoeicosanoids (OXER) Resolvins (FPR2)

Lysophospholipids	LPA (LPAR) S1P (S1PR)

Steroids	Bile acids (GPBAR) Neurosteroids Pheromones (VNR)

Others	PAF (PAFR) Retinal (RHO)

Intracellular

Nuclear receptor	Steroids: Sex steroids: Androgens (AR) Estrogens (ER) Progestogens (PR); Corticosteroids: Glucocorticoids (GR) Mineralocorticoids (MR); Others: Bile acids (FXR) Calcitriol (VDR); Others: Eicosanoids (PPAR) Free fatty acids (PPAR) Retinoic acid (RAR, RXR)

Second messenger	General: Arachidonic acid DAG (PKC, TRPC) IP₃ (IP₃R, RyR) Phosphatidic acid Phosphoinositides: PIP₂ (IRKs) PIP₃ (PKB/Akt, Btk, PDPK1) PtdIns(3,4)P₂ (PKB/Akt, PDPK1); Sphingolipids: C1P Ceramide (CAPPs, KSR1, PKCζ, CTSD) Glucosylceramides S1P Sphingosine (SDK1, PKH, YPK)

Precursors

General	Fatty acids (ω-3, ω-6)

Steroids	Squalene Lanosterol Cholesterol

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