Lynn (MBTA station)

CENTRAL SQUARE - LYNN
Lynn station on a rainy day in 2012
Location	325 Broad Street Lynn, Massachusetts
Coordinates	42°27′46″N 70°56′45″W / 42.46280°N 70.94575°W / 42.46280; -70.94575Coordinates: 42°27′46″N 70°56′45″W / 42.46280°N 70.94575°W / 42.46280; -70.94575
Owned by	MBTA
Line(s)	Newburyport/Rockport Line
Platforms	1 island platform
Tracks	2
Connections	MBTA Bus: 426, 426W, 429, 431, 435, 436, 439, 441, 442, 455, 456, 459,
Construction
Parking	965 spaces[1]
Bicycle facilities	14 spaces
Disabled access	Yes
Other information
Fare zone	2
History
Opened	1838 (first depot)
Rebuilt	1848, 1872, 1895, 1952, January 21, 1992[2]
Previous names	Central Square
Traffic
Passengers (2013)	662 (weekday inbound average)[3]
Services
Preceding station   MBTA   Following station River Works toward North Station Newburyport/Rockport Line Swampscott toward Newburyport or Rockport

Lynn (signed as Central Square - Lynn) is a passenger rail station on the MBTA Commuter Rail Newburyport/Rockport Line in downtown Lynn, Massachusetts, located 11.5 route miles from North Station.^[3] The station consists of a single center island platform serving the two station tracks on an elevated grade that runs through the downtown area of Lynn. A large parking garage is integrated into the station structure. The present station, built in 1992, is the latest in a series of depots built on approximately the same Central Square site since 1838. A number of other stations have also been located on several different rail lines in Lynn.

Lynn is also a major bus transfer point serving 12 MBTA Bus routes in the North Shore region, including routes leading to Salem, Marblehead, Wonderland, and the Liberty Tree Mall as well as downtown Boston.^[1]

History

Early history

Woodcutting of the 1848 station

After the railroads from Boston to Lowell, Worcester, and Providence were chartered in 1830 and 1831, railroads to other surrounding cities including Newburyport and Portsmouth were proposed. Construction began in August 1836 but was slowed by the financial panic of 1837.^[4] The Eastern Railroad built its line through Lynn at surface level, with operations starting on August 27, 1838 from Salem to East Boston via Lynn.^[5] A number of stations have served Lynn, including a series of stations near the current location at Central Square as well as a number of other stations around the city.^[6] The first depot at the Central Square location, built in 1838, was a small wooden building. It was replaced in 1848 with a brick building with a 2-track train shed.^[6]

Lynn became the primary turnback point for the Saugus Branch Railroad when it opened in 1853, though a limited number of trains continued to Salem until World War I.^[5] The first horsecars ran to Lynn in 1854 under the Lynn and Boston Street Railway.^[7] Its line ran between its namesake cities; running through Charlestown on Chelsea Street, Chelsea and Revere on Broadway, then along the Salem Turnpike to Lynn.^[8] On July 2, 1888, the Lynn & Boston became the first electrified trolley line in the Boston area.^[9]

Great Lynn Depot War

The 1872-built Central Square depot

Market Street station under construction in 1872

When the Eastern Railroad prepared to build a new depot in 1865, a great deal of controversy erupted – an event later known as the "Great Lynn Depot War". One faction wanted the replacement station built at the same Central Square location, while another wanted it built at Knight's Crossing, a block southwest at Market Street.^[10] The Central Square faction was aided by a bill passed in the Massachusetts legislature on April 29, 1865, which disallowed a railroad from abandoning a station that had been in service more than five years, as well as an 1868 bill that specifically directed the Eastern Railroad to build the replacement station at Central Square.^[11]

After a case which reached the Supreme Court in 1871 and a subsequent appeal to the United States Court, a decision was ultimately made to construct stations at both locations.^[11] Both the Central Square and Market Street stations were in service by mid-1872, but it was untenable for the railroad to serve two stations just several hundred feet apart. The Market Street station was demolished in 1873 and replaced with a wooden shelter that served only a handful of trains.^[11]

The depot controversy was a setback for the Eastern Railroad in a city where residents were already dissatisfied with poor service. In 1872, the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad was charted as a direct competitor to the Eastern; service began from Market Street in 1875 and lasted until 1940.^[12][13] Service to East Boston had been replaced with direct service to Boston via the Grand Junction Railroad in 1854, but Lynn - East Boston service was run from 1872 to 1880 to compete with the BRB&L. In 1880 the service was cut to a Revere - East Boston shuttle which lasted until 1905.^[5]

From approximately the 1850s to the 1930s, Lynn was the terminus for some short turn Boston commuter trains. From 1881 to 1892, some of these trains ran via the Chelsea Beach Branch during the summer.^[5]

Track elevation

1895-built station before the grade separation project

An MBTA train passes the 1914-built old inbound island platform

The 1872 Central Square station burned in 1889 and was replaced with a temporary station until a new depot with a 75-foot clock tower was built in 1895 on the north side of the tracks off Union Street. This station had two side platforms to serve the line's two tracks. As early as 1901, the city began planning to eliminate the numerous grade crossings in downtown Lynn. With 150 trains per day on the main line and 40 on the Saugus Branch, some streets were blocked for as long as half of daylight hours.^[14] After legal issues, construction of an elevated viaduct began in September 1909. However, the New Haven Railroad briefly gained control of the Boston and Maine at this time, and intended to fully four-track the line through Lynn in conjunction with plans including a possible railroad tunnel under the harbor. The municipality initially intended to force the railroad to depress the four-track line below grade, but later reached an agreement with the railroad to modify the two-track viaduct for four tracks.^[14]

The New Haven's plan to four-track the line as far as the branch line splits in Salem and Beverly was stymied by the costs to modify the grade crossings in Chelsea and the single-track tunnel at Salem. The only quadruple track to become operational was at Lynn station itself, with two island platforms to serve trains on all tracks.^[14] The depot was modified "not for the better" in conjunction with the elevation project.^[6] Many of the four-track bridge spans in Lynn, never used operationally, are still extant.^[5]

B&M and MBTA eras

Streetcars service to Lynn continued under the Lynn & Boston until 1901 when it became part of the Boston & Northern Street Railway.^[7] By the early 20th century, a number of lines crisscrossed Lynn, with a number of them serving the station.^[15] The Bay State Street Railway took over operations in 1911 and joined the Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway in 1919. Trolley service in Lynn lasted until 1938.^[7]

1992-built parking garage and platform

The Boston and Maine Railroad built a new, more modern station in 1952 but reused the 1914-built platforms. This single-story building, located on the south side of the tracks at Mt. Vernon and Exchange streets, was in the same flat-roofed brick style as Winchester Center and Wedgemere built five years later. The building was the first on the Boston & Maine system to have radiant heat, and also included a restaurant and newsstand. The 1895-built station was demolished to make room for a parking lot.^[6] Saugus Branch service ended in May 1958, leaving through service on the Eastern Route as the only trains serving Lynn.^[5] Around this time, the third and fourth tracks through the station were removed due to reduced traffic, leaving the station with effectively two side platforms serving two tracks.^[16]

An MBTA train at the modern station

By the late 1980s, the nearly-40-year-old station and the older platforms were crumbling. Since the Newburyport/Rockport line was no longer a freight clearance route past the General Electric plant in West Lynn, a full-length high-level platform was selected, with construction completed in 1992. The wide platform occupies the width of one former island platform plus one track slot, with the line's two current tracks on each side. The 800-foot-long platform is located west of the older low platforms, which are still extant on the viaduct. A large parking garage and busway was built off Market Street; entrances to the platform are available from the garage and from Central Square.

The 1992 station was built with new concrete ties supporting the tracks connecting to the station, which proved less durable than expected. In September 2008, the MBTA board authorized a $1 million tie replacement and slope stabilization project at the station.^[17]

An elevator is available to access the elevated platform from the ground level of the parking garage. This is one of a small number of elevators on the MBTA Commuter Rail system, and along with the pair at Framingham is one of the few on the system maintained by the MBTA rather than Amtrak, Massport, or local Regional Transportation Agencies.^[18] In 2011, 20 security cameras were added to the station as a reaction to several assaults in the garage.^[19]

Future

Lynn is intended to be the terminus of a future extension of the MBTA Blue Line, which would bring the line 4.5 additional miles from Wonderland in Revere to Lynn. This extension has been proposed in various forms for over 80 years. The 1926 Report on Improved Transportation Facilities and 1945–47 Coolidge Commission Report recommended that the East Boston Tunnel line, which had been converted to rapid transit from streetcars in 1924, be extended to Lynn via the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn right-of-way.^[20] Ever since the 1954 Revere extension was cut short to Wonderland, a further extension to Lynn has been planned. Following on the 1926 and 1945-47 studies, the 1966 Program for Mass Transportation recommended that the Blue Line be extended to Lynn, while the 1969 Recommended Highway and Transit Plan proposed that the extension run as far as Salem. An extension was not present in the 1972 Final Report of the Boston Transportation Planning Review, but the 1974 Transportation Plan revived the project with possible termini of Lynn, Salem, or even Route 128 in Peabody.^[20] The 1978 Program for Mass Transportation report and 1983 Transportation Plan both continued support for an extension to Lynn.^[20] Despite the continued recommendations, however, other projects like extensions of the Red and Orange lines were given funding instead of the Blue Line.

Despite numerous studies on the project and previous bond bills, there is currently no identified funding source; due to the MBTA's constrained finances, construction is not likely to begin soon. The 1992-built Lynn parking garage, designed for the capacity needed for the Blue Line extension, does not fill fully from commuter rail ridership.^[6]

Other Lynn stations

Map showing past and present stations in Lynn

Lynn has also been home to eight other stations on different sites - none of which lasted into the MBTA era - plus a ninth that opened in 1965. Besides its downtown stops, the Eastern Railroad also served East Lynn from 1880 until Marblehead Branch service ended in June 1959. Stairways from the Chatham Street to the station site still exist, although no station building remains.^[21] The 1896 depot was disassembled in 1912 in preparation for the downtown grade separation. It was moved to Durham, New Hampshire, where it now serves as the University of New Hampshire Dairy Bar and a station stop on Amtrak's Downeaster service. A West Lynn station was located at Commercial Street at the junction with the Saugus Branch Railroad, and Green Street was briefly located just east of Central Square.^[4][22] Neither the West Lynn nor Green Street buildings survive.

The Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn also served its own Lynn depot (a block away from the Eastern Railroad station) at Market Street near Broad Street, as well its own West Lynn station adjacent to the Eastern Railroad station just east of Commercial Street.^[22] Neither station is still extant.

Service on the Saugus Branch Railroad began from Boston to Lynn (via Malden) in 1853, serving Central Square and West Lynn plus three new stations in northwest Lynn. These included Lynn Common station at Western Avenue, Raddin's Station at Summer Street and Raddin Grove Avenue, and East Saugus at Lincoln Avenue on the Saugus/Lynn border.^[22] Passenger service on the branch ended in May 1958; the branch is now abandoned and being turned into a rail trail.^[4] None of the station buildings survive, though the surviving Cliftondale station in Saugus was identical to the East Saugus station.^[6]

River Works station is located in West Lynn on the Newburyport/Rockport Line. Opened on September 9, 1965 as G.E. Works, it is for the sole use of GE Aviation employees.^[2] Swampscott, located just outside Lynn in Swampscott, Massachusetts, also serves passengers from East Lynn.

Bus connections

Aerial view of downtown Lynn and Lynn station. MBTA buses use the busway located behind the parking garage at left center.

Lynn serves as a major hub and transfer point for MBTA Bus routes serving the North Shore area. All routes pull into the station busway off Route 1A, though some can be caught at Central Square via the station's Exchange Street/Central Square entrance as well.

• 426 Central Square, Lynn - Haymarket Station via Cliftondale
• 426W Central Square, Lynn - Wonderland Station via Cliftondale Square (weekend version of 426)
• 429 Northgate Shopping Center - Central Square, Lynn via Linden Square & Square One Mall
• 431 Neptune Towers - Central Square, Lynn via Summer Street
• 435 Liberty Tree Mall - Central Square, Lynn via Peabody Square
• 436 Liberty Tree Mall - Central Square, Lynn via Goodwins Circle
• 439 Bass Point, Nahant - Wonderland via Central Square, Lynn
• 441 Marblehead - Wonderland via Central Square, Lynn, Paradise Road & Lynnway
• 442 Marblehead - Wonderland via Central Square, Lynn, Humphrey Street & Lynnway
• 455 Salem Depot - Wonderland via Central Square, Lynn
• 456 Salem Depot - Central Square, Lynn via Highland Avenue
• 459 Salem Depot - Downtown Crossing via Logan Airport & Central Square, Lynn

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lynn (MBTA station), Lynn (B&M station).

• MBTA - Lynn
• Station on Bing Maps aerial view
• Lynn station on Google Maps Street View: Market Street entrance, Union Street entrance, Exchange Street entrance