Cecil D. Andrus

The Honorable Cecil D. Andrus
42nd United States Secretary of the Interior
In office January 23, 1977 – January 20, 1981
President	Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	Thomas S. Kleppe
Succeeded by	James G. Watt
26th & 28th Governor of Idaho
In office January 5, 1987 – January 2, 1995
Lieutenant	Butch Otter
Preceded by	John V. Evans
Succeeded by	Phil Batt
In office January 4, 1971 – January 23, 1977
Lieutenant	Jack M. Murphy (1971–75) John Evans (1975–77)
Preceded by	Don Samuelson
Succeeded by	John V. Evans
Personal details
Born	Cecil Dale Andrus (1931-08-25) August 25, 1931 Hood River, Oregon, United States
Nationality	United States
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Carol Mea May (b. 1932, m. 1949– )[1]
Children	Tanna Lee Andrus Tracy Sue Andrus Kelly Kay Anderus
Residence	Boise, (Lewiston in 1970)
Alma mater	Oregon State College (1 year)
Profession	Public Service
Religion	Lutheran
Website	andruscenter.org
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	U.S. Navy
Years of service	1951–1955
Rank	Petty officer, second class
Unit	Reserves, aviation patrol
Battles/wars	Korean War, Cold War

Cecil Dale Andrus (born August 25, 1931) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as Governor of Idaho for 14 years; from 1971 to 1977, and again from 1987 to 1995. He also served in Washington as U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1977 to 1981, during the Carter Administration. Andrus lost his first gubernatorial election in 1966, but won four subsequent elections (in 1970, 1974, 1986, & 1990) and served 14 years as governor, the most in the state's history. In public life he was noted for his strong conservationist and environmental views and accomplishments,^[2] and a wildlife preserve established in 1993 in Washington County, Idaho, is named the "Cecil D. Andrus Wildlife Management Area" in his honor.^[3][4]

Early life

Born in Hood River, Oregon, Andrus was the middle of three children of Hal and Dorothy Andrus, with older brother Steve and younger sister Margaret. They later lived near Junction City, on a farm without electricity. During World War II, the family moved to Eugene in early 1942, when "Cece" was 11, where Hal and his brother Bud opened a machine shop to refurbish sawmill equipment.^[1] Andrus graduated from Eugene High School in 1948 at age 16 and attended Oregon State College in Corvallis, where he majored in engineering in his freshman year.^[5]

At age 17, he got a good summer job with the local utility in 1949, and late in August, he eloped to Reno with Carol Mae May, his high school sweetheart.^[1] Andrus had just turned 18, and she was 16 months younger. He decided to keep working and not return to college.^[2][6] Following the outbreak of the Korean War, he enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserves in February 1951, and served as an electronics technician aboard patrol aircraft until 1955. After his discharge from the Navy, Andrus moved to Orofino in North Central Idaho, where he worked in the timber industry in a variety of jobs at a sawmill his father co-owned.^[5] After the sawmill closed,^[7] Andrus switched to the insurance industry in 1963,^[5] and moved his family down the Clearwater River to Lewiston in 1966.^[8][9]

Political career

State Senate

In 1960, at age 28, and concerned over the local Republican state senator's stance against needed education improvements in Idaho schools, particularly in rural areas of the state, Andrus filed as a Democrat to run against him and won, and was re-elected in 1962 and 1964 from Orofino (and Clearwater County).

Gubernatorial candidate

Andrus first ran for governor in 1966, but was narrowly defeated in the Democratic primary by Charles Herndon, an attorney from Salmon.^[10] Seven weeks before the November election, however, Herndon and two others died in a twin-engine private plane crash in the mountains 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Stanley,^[11] while en route from Twin Falls to Coeur d'Alene in mid-September.^[12][13] Andrus was appointed the nominee to take Herndon's place on the ballot. He lost the general election to Republican Don Samuelson of Sandpoint by more than 11,000 votes,^[14] earning Andrus the unlikely distinction of losing both the primary and general election races for the same office in the same year. Andrus returned to the state senate two years later in 1968, representing Lewiston.^[8]

Governor of Idaho (1971–77)

Undaunted by his earlier setback, Andrus defeated Samuelson by over 10,000 votes in a gubernatorial election rematch in 1970.^[15] This was attributed in large part to Andrus' public opposition to proposals for development of molybdenum mining in central Idaho's White Cloud Mountains, which Samuelson supported.^[16][17]

Alice Lake in the Sawtooth Wilderness in Idaho

During his first term as Governor, Andrus played a key role in winning support by the U.S. Congress for Federal designation of the Sawtooth Wilderness Area in the State of Idaho.^[2]

Andrus was easily re-elected in 1974 with over 70% of the vote, defeating Republican Lieutenant Governor Jack M. Murphy of Shoshone by a record margin.^[18]

In 1974, Time magazine named Governor Andrus one of the "200 Faces for the Future".^[19]

Secretary of the Interior (1977–81)

In January 1977, Andrus left his post as governor to serve as Secretary of the Interior for newly inaugurated President Jimmy Carter,^[9] whom he had known since both were freshman governors in 1971. Andrus became the first Idahoan to serve in a Presidential Cabinet. He was succeeded in Idaho by Lieutenant Governor John V. Evans, a Democrat who served nearly a decade, winning re-election in 1978 and in 1982.

He also took a leadership role in securing Congressional passage of the Redwood National Park Expansion Act in 1978. which added 48,000 acres (190 km²) to Redwood National Park in California, in a major expansion to preserve remnants of the giant redwood forests there.^[20]

Morning mist in Redwood National Park in California

In 1979, when President Carter asked for the resignations of his entire Cabinet during an administration retreat at Camp David, the resignation of Andrus was not accepted. Andrus stayed on as Secretary of the Interior for the remainder of Carter's presidency, and returned to Idaho after Carter's term ended in January 1981.

Noted for his ability and patience, both in Idaho and while Secretary of the Interior, in working tirelessly to broker often very difficult, bi-partisan compromises leading to the successful passage of legislation, Andrus was frequently criticized by both pro-developmental interests and by Washington-based environmentalist groups for his various conservation and preservation efforts and initiatives.

Andrus wrote in his memoir about such a need for compromise relative to his successful, last-ditch efforts in securing passage of the Alaska Lands Act during the last month of the Carter Administration in December 1980, following Ronald Reagan's election in November: "The environmental groups were initially hostile. I actually had to listen to the idiotic argument (from the Wilderness Society and Sierra Club's paid Washington lobbyists) that they could get a better Alaska package out of Reagan and Watt."

"Cooler heads quickly prevailed," Andrus continues, "It proved the old adage that there's nothing like a hanging in the morning to focus the mind. Even though we were creating tomorrow's controversies, a 103-million acre [preservation] plan ... was a lot better than nothing."^[21]

Governor of Idaho again (1987–95)

After several years in private life following his return to Idaho in 1981, Andrus surprised many by seeking and recapturing the Idaho governorship in 1986, when he defeated Republican Lieutenant Governor David H. Leroy in a close election.^[22] During this second stint as governor, Andrus vigorously opposed federal efforts to store nuclear waste in Idaho. He also brokered a path-breaking agreement among land use and conservation interests to control water pollution from nonpoint sources to protect riparian and fish habitat in Idaho's rivers and streams.

In September, 1989, Andrus closed off the Idaho border to nuclear waste shipments from the federal government's Rocky Flats site. Andrus initially agreed to open a temporary dump near Idaho Falls to store waste until the federal government agreed to open a site near Carlsbad, NM. When the federal government failed to open the Carlsbad site, Andrus refused to accept shipments of plutonium from Rocky Flats. Secretary of Energy James D. Watkins did not challenge Andrus' authority to close the border.

In 1990, Andrus drew attention when he vetoed a bill, passed by the legislature, which "would have made abortion illegal except in cases of non-statutory rape reported within seven days, incest if the victim was under 18, severe fetal deformity or where the pregnancy posed a threat to the mother's life."^[23] Andrus easily won re-election later that year against conservative Republican state senator Roger Fairchild of Fruitland,^[24] and won every county except Lemhi.

The Snake River's Shoshone Falls near Twin Falls, Idaho

In his fourth and final term as governor, Andrus was again in the national spotlight due to the Endangered Species Act listing of several Snake River salmon species. These anadromous fish species spawn in their natal streams in Idaho and migrate seaward at a young age. Governor Andrus called attention to the downstream federal dams operated by the Army Corps of Engineers as the major culprit. His successful lawsuit against the federal government led to incremental changes in operations of the dams, and to continuing efforts for major conservationist modifications to the dams that are ongoing today.

On April 3, 1990, he signed House Bill 817 into law, creating two new types of felony crimes, defined new criminal investigation areas, provided the basis for opening ritual child abuse cases based upon probable cause, and provided a framework for extensive ritual child abuse investigation training throughout Idaho.^[25]

Despite remaining personally popular, Andrus did not seek re-election to a fifth term in 1994. He was succeeded by Republican Phil Batt, the first Republican win in a gubernatorial election in Idaho since 1966. Batt served a single term and did not seek re-election in 1998.

Election results

Elder statesman

Spring blossoms at Boise State University

A wildlife preservation area, established in 1993, 18 miles (29 km) from Cambridge, Idaho, in Washington County, Idaho was named the "Cecil D. Andrus Wildlife Management Area" in his honor.^[3]

In 1995, Andrus founded the Andrus Center for Public Policy at Boise State University, and in 1998, published his memoir, Politics Western Style.^[1]

An elementary school opened in 1997 in west Boise by the West Ada School District was named the "Cecil D. Andrus Elementary School" in his honor.^[26]

Andrus remained active in the Idaho Democratic Party in the early 21st Century, and continued to campaign on behalf of other Democrats. In 2006 Andrus served as campaign treasurer for Idaho Democratic gubernatorial nominee Jerry Brady.^[27] And, in February 2008, Andrus endorsed and campaigned actively on behalf of Barack Obama in Boise, Idaho.^[28][29] At what was described as the "second biggest political rally in Idaho history," by the New York Times, Andrus introduced Obama and recalled hearing John F. Kennedy speak years earlier: "I’m older now, some would suggest in the twilight of a mediocre political career," Andrus said, "[but] I, like you, can still be inspired. I can still hope."^[30]

In the closing page of his memoir, Andrus quotes the poet Robert Frost: "We should not have to care so much, you and I."^[31] "But we do care," Andrus continues, "and we should. We care about the future ... I remain hopeful that I will be able to pass on to my grandchildren all the pleasures of life in an unspoiled West. Perhaps hope should be replaced by a stronger word. It is a matter of obligation."^[31]

A 2011 book on Andrus and his career in public service described him as "Idaho's greatest governor."^[2]

Bibliography

• Cecil D. Andrus, with Joel Connelly, Politics Western Style, Sasquatch Books, Seattle, 1998. ISBN 1-57061-122-X
• Carlson, Chris - Cecil Andrus: Idaho's Greatest Governor, Caxton Press, October, 2011. ISBN 0-87004-505-9

References

Governors of Idaho Territorial (1863–90) Wallace Lyon Ballard Bowen Bennett Thompson Brayman Neil Irwin Bunn Stevenson Shoup State (since 1890) Shoup Willey McConnell Steunenberg Hunt Morrison Gooding Brady Hawley Haines Alexander Davis Moore Baldridge Ross B. Clark Bottolfsen C. Clark Bottolfsen Gossett Williams Robins Jordan Smylie Samuelson Andrus Evans Andrus Batt Kempthorne Risch Otter

United States Secretaries of the Interior Ewing McKennan Stuart McClelland Thompson C Smith Usher Harlan Browning Cox Delano Chandler Schurz Kirkwood Teller Lamar Vilas Noble M Smith Francis Bliss Hitchcock Garfield Ballinger Fisher Lane Payne Fall Work West Wilbur Ickes Krug Chapman McKay Seaton Udall Hickel Morton Hathaway Kleppe Andrus Watt Clark Hodel Lujan Babbitt Norton Kempthorne Salazar Jewell

Cabinet of President Jimmy Carter (1977–81)   Cabinet Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance (1977–80) Edmund S. Muskie (1980–81) Secretary of the Treasury W. Michael Blumenthal (1977–79) G. William Miller (1979–81) Secretary of Defense Harold Brown (1977–81) Attorney General Griffin B. Bell (1977–79) Benjamin R. Civiletti (1979–81) Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus (1977–81) Secretary of Agriculture Robert S. Bergland (1977–81) Secretary of Commerce Juanita M. Kreps (1977–80) Philip M. Klutznick (1980–81) Secretary of Labor F. Ray Marshall (1977–81) Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano, Jr. (1977–79) Patricia R. Harris (1979) Secretary of Health and Human Services Patricia R. Harris (1979–81) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Patricia R. Harris (1977–79) Moon Landrieu (1979–81) Secretary of Transportation Brock Adams (1977–79) Neil E. Goldschmidt (1979–81) Secretary of Energy James R. Schlesinger (1977–79) Charles W. Duncan, Jr. (1979–81) Secretary of Education Shirley M. Hufstedler (1979–81)   Cabinet-level Vice President Walter F. Mondale (1977–81) White House Chief of Staff None (1977–79) Hamilton Jordan (1979–80) Jack H. Watson (1980–81) Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Douglas M. Costle (1977–81) Trade Representative Robert S. Strauss (1977–79) Reubin O'D. Askew (1979–81) Ambassador to the United Nations Andrew J. Young (1977–79) Donald F. McHenry (1979–81) Director of the Office of Management and Budget Thomas "Bert" Lance (1977) James T. McIntyre (1978–81) Director of Central Intelligence Stansfield M. Turner (1977–81) Advisor to the President on National Security Affairs Zbigniew Brzezinski (1977–81) Chairperson of the Council of Economic Advisers Charles L. Schultze (1977–81)