Girona Cathedral

Cathedral of Saint Mary of Girona
Catedral de Santa Maria de Girona

Cathedral of Saint Mary of Girona

The cathedral with the lower Tower of Charlemagne, characterized by mullioned windows.
Basic information
Location Girona, Catalonia, Spain
Geographic coordinates 41°59′15″N 2°49′35″E / 41.98750°N 2.82639°E / 41.98750; 2.82639Coordinates: 41°59′15″N 2°49′35″E / 41.98750°N 2.82639°E / 41.98750; 2.82639
Affiliation Roman Catholic
Rite Latin rite
Region Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona
Year consecrated 1038[1]
Ecclesiastical or organizational status Cathedral
Leadership Msg. Francesc Pardo i Artigas
Website catedraldegirona.org
Architectural description
Architectural type Church
Architectural style Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque
Direction of façade W
Groundbreaking 1015 (1015)[1]
Specifications
Length 85 metres (279 ft)
Width 90 metres (300 ft)
Width (nave) 22.98 metres (75.4 ft)
Height (max) 45 metres (148 ft)
View of Girona Cathedral
Plan of the church.

The Cathedral of Saint Mary of Girona (in Catalan: Catedral de Santa Maria de Girona, or simply Catedral de Girona) is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona, located in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Its interior includes the widest Gothic nave in the world, with a width of 22 metres (72 ft), and the second widest of any church after that of St. Peter's Basilica (for comparison, the width of the nave of Reims is 14.65 m, Saint-Étienne de Sens, 15.25 m and 12 m, in Notre Dame de Paris). Its construction was begun in the 11th century in Romanesque style, and continued in the 13th century in Gothic style. Of the original Romanesque edifice only the 12th-century cloister and a bell tower remain. The second bell tower was completed in the 18th century.

History

A primitive Christian church existed here before the Islamic conquest of Iberia, after which it was converted into a mosque, in 717. The Franks reconquered the city in 785 under Charlemagne and the church was reconsecrated in 908.

Romanesque cathedral

In 1015, the church was in poor condition. Bishop Peter Roger, son of Count Roger I of Carcassonne, restored it with the money obtained by selling the church of the St. Daniel to his brother-in-law, Count Ramon Borrell of Barcelona. The church and its cloister were built until 1064, in Romanesque style. The bell tower was completed in 1117.

Gothic cathedral

The complex was redesigned by Pere Sacoma in 1312. After some years of indecisiveness, Guillem Bofill and Antoni Canet started the project in 1416. The new design consisted of a large Gothic nave, the widest Gothic nave in the world — 22.98 m — and the second widest nave of all styles after St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. The elevation is 35 metres (115 ft).

Exterior

The church has a Baroque main façade (begun in 1606, with the upper part finished in 1961[2]), preceded by a large staircase completed in 1607. The sculptures decorating the three orders of the façade were executed by local sculptors in the 1960s. Other exterior features include the Gothic portal of St. Michael, on the northern façade, and the southern portico of the Apostles, from the 14th century. The latter originally featured sculptures of the Twelve Apostles, executed by Antoni Claperós in the 1460s, which have mostly been lost, aside from two depicting St. Peter and St. Paul, now in the church's chapter house.

The church has two bell towers. The oldest one, named after Charlemagne, is the surviving one of the two originally flanking the first Romanesque church (the other ceased to exist in the 14th century). Begun in the early 11th century, it has a square plan with six levels separated by friezes with Lombard bands and double mullioned windows. The new bell tower, begun in 1590 and completed (with a modified design) in the 18th century, has an octagonal plan. It houses six bells, the oldest one dating to 1574.

Interior

The interior's single nave is surmounted by cross vaults, supported by Gothic buttresses. The side walls feature a triforium with pointed-arch stained glass windows. The apse is separated from the nave by a wall reaching to the vaulted ceiling and perforated with openings, namely one enormous ogive or pointed arch in the center framing the high altar, flanked by two smaller pointed arches as entrances to the ambulatory at the apse. The upper reaches of the wall bear a large central rose window (1705, dedicated to the Archangel St. Michael) flanked by two smaller ones. The polygonal apse is in turn flanked by two short galleries, with ogive or pointed arches as entrances, which correspond to the original aisles of the Romanesque building and are located at the starting point of the ambulatory. The latter is divided by piers aligned with the rays of the apse's trapezoidal vaults, forming ten radial chapels.

The high altar, in white marble, dates to the 11th century. Other artworks include the Gothic sarcophagus of Berenguer d'Anglesola (died 1418), by Pere Oller, in the chapel of Isabella of Portugal, the Chapel of All Saints (1376)

Romanesque cloister

The Romanesque cloister is notable, featuring a series of columns with sculpted capitals: they depict fantastic figures and animals, and vegetable motifs. The frieze has instead scenes from the New Testament. Among the sculptors who worked at the cloister is Arnau Cadell, also author of the cloister of the Monastery of Sant Cugat. Also in the cloister is the Chapel of Our Lady of Gràcia i de Bell-Ull, which was originally a gate to the cloister, renovated in the Gothic period; its tympanum has an image of the Virgin by Master Bartomeu (13th century). The cloister's galleries are home to numerous tombs of rich members of the monastery, dating to the 14th-18th centuries, one also by Master Bartomeu (1273).

The Cathedral Treasury and Museum

St. Helen Altarpiece, Cathedral Museum.
Further information: Tapestry of Creation

The museum's main attraction is the Tapestry of Creation, an 11th or early 12th-century piece considered amongst the master works of Romanesque tapestry.

Other artworks include:

There are also other paintings and items, ranging from Medieval to Baroque, and including processional crosses, reliquaries, monstrances, etc.

Gallery

References

  1. 1 2 Official website of the Cathedral of Girona. "Chronlogy - Cathedral's history". Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  2. ↑ "History of the Cathedral". Retrieved 17 September 2010.

External links

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