Caput Mundi

"The Capital of the World" redirects here. For the short story, see The Capital of the World (short story).

Caput Mundi is a Latin phrase taken to mean "capital of the world" (literally: "head of the world";[1] see capital, capitol). It originates out of a classical European understanding of the known world: Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia. Because of the enduring power of Ancient Rome and the Roman Catholic Church, in this sphere, the city of Rome has adopted as its nickname Caput Mundi or "Capital of the World".

Rome

Via dei Fori Imperiali, Via della Conciliazione and Via del Corso. The term First Rome is used to refer to the Rome of the emperors, Second Rome refers to the Rome of the Popes, and third Rome refers to the Rome of the people (as capital city of Italy).[2]

The influence of Rome in the ancient world began to grow around the 2nd century BC as the Republic expanded across Southern Europe and North Africa. For the next five centuries, Rome would govern much of the known world. The cultural influence of the local language of Rome (Latin) as well as Roman art, architecture, law, religion and philosophy was immense.

Constantinople

Constantinople was built as the second Rome by Emperor Constantine in 330 AD.

The Byzantine Empire lasted for over a thousand years with the center always at Constantinople, except between 1204 and 1261, when it was centered in the capitals of Nicaea, Trebizond, and Arta. The city was seen as the "Capital of the World" because of its prime trading position in the center of the medieval world. This privileged position continued even as the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The city was also the center of half of the Christian world as the seat of the Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox church. Thus as the world center for commerce, diplomacy, religion, education, it could well have been said that during the city's heyday, Constantinople was indeed the capital of the world. Napoleon Bonaparte is quoted as saying, "If the Earth were a single state, Constantinople would be its capital." Today, the city's name is Istanbul.

London

The capital of the British Empire was London - though the empire has since passed, London is one of the world's leading business, financial, and cultural centres, and its influence in politics, education, technology, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts all contribute to its status as a major global city. Many of the world's largest corporations have their headquarters in London, the city taking a central role as a part of the wider global economy. In addition London in time and on maps is on the Prime Meridian, running directly through Greenwich (also known as the Greenwich Meridian), with its time zone as GMT+0 (UTC+0). The decision made at the International Meridian Conference was due to the dominance of the British Empire; for logistical reasons, and because the United Kingdom and London remain a major global influence, this position of the Prime Meridian remains.

Numerous sources have claimed that London had eclipsed New York City as a financial centre, establishing itself as the financial capital of the world.[3][4][5][6][7] In addition to this, London has been ranked as the world's capital city in terms of culture, business, Technological readiness and overall economic clout,[8] as well as attracting the most foreign investment of any global city.[9]

The situation of numerous iconic landmarks, such as Big Ben, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, the Houses of Parliament, and Buckingham Palace, as well as modern architecture such as the Gherkin, The Shard, the London Eye and the O2 drew approximately 16.7 million international tourists in 2013, establishing London as the most visited city in the world for international tourists.[10]

Berlin

Adolf Hitler, the dictator of the Third Reich, as part of his proposed New Order, planned to make Berlin the "Caput Mundi", directing Albert Speer to formulate the Welthauptstadt Germania—a plan to rebuild Berlin in an Imperial architectural style. The central edifice of Berlin would have been the Volkshalle, from which Hitler would have issued his Imperial decrees as the absolute ruler of Europe.

New York City

New York City, the most populous city in the United States of America, is sometimes described by the Latin phrase "Novum Caput Mundi" ("New Capital of the World"); or more commonly by the English phrase, "Capital of the World".[11][12] A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. As the home of the United Nations Headquarters, it is an important center for international affairs, despite not being the modern capital of the United States or even of New York State. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York City, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.[13]

Numerous national and international private corporations have headquarters in New York City. Anchored by Wall Street, in Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called the world's principal financial center as well as most economically powerful city[14][15][16][17][18] and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange per total market capitalization of its listed companies.[19] The New York City metropolitan region is defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (19.9 million residents in 2013)[20] and the Combined Statistical Area (23.5 million residents in 2013).[21] In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion,[22] while in 2012, the CSA[23] generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve nations and eleven nations, respectively.[24]

New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists.[25][26] Tourism is vital to New York City, and many districts and landmarks in New York have become well known, as the city received a record high 56 million tourists in 2014,[27] generating an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014.[27] Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world.[28][29][30] Times Square, at the hub of the Broadway theater district, is nicknamed "The Crossroads of the World".[31]

Washington, D.C.

The capital of the United States of America and the seat of the U.S. federal government, Washington, D.C. also holds the headquarters of important international organizations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Organization of American States. The signing of the North Atlantic Treaty took place in Washington;[32][33] establishing NATO which took part in the Cold War, and by its end, Washington was dubbed by the Washington Post as the capital of the world.[34]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Dictionary of Latin Phrases and Proverbs: C". Latin-phrases.co.uk. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  2. ↑ Rome Seminar
  3. ↑ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/10839973/London-is-city-with-worlds-most-economic-clout.html
  4. ↑ "Layout 1" (PDF). Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  5. ↑ "City faces struggle to stay world financial capital". Evening Standard. London. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  6. ↑ http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf
  7. ↑ "London is the world capital of the 21st century...". Evening Standard. London. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  8. ↑ http://www.pwc.com/us/en/press-releases/2014/london-tops-pwcs-cities-of-opportunity-study.jhtml
  9. ↑ http://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/business-news/london-attracts-most-foreign-investment-of-any-other-city/1923.article
  10. ↑ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-overtakes-paris-to-become-worlds-most-popular-destination-for-foreign-tourists-9340154.html
  11. ↑ "About New York City". The City of New York. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  12. ↑ Eugene J. Sherman. "FORWARD New York – Capital of the Modern World". Copyright The Weissman Center for International Business. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  13. ↑ Roberts, Sam (28 April 2010). "Listening to (and Saving) the World’s Languages". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
  14. ↑ Richard Florida (3 March 2015). "Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City". The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 25 March 2015. Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.
  15. ↑ "Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S.". Business Insider, Inc. 31 July 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2015. For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world.
    "PAL sets introductory fares to New York". Philippine Airlines. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  16. ↑ Richard Florida (8 May 2012). "What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?". The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  17. ↑ John Glover (23 November 2014). "New York Boosts Lead on London as Leading Finance Center". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  18. ↑ "The Global Financial Centres Index 17" (PDF). Long Finance. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  19. ↑ "2013 WFE Market Highlights" (PDF). World Federation of Exchanges. p. 5. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  20. ↑ "The 10 Largest Metro Areas on July 1, 2013" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  21. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013 - Combined Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  22. ↑ "Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) of the United States in 2013, by metropolitan area (in billion current U.S. dollars)". Statista. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  23. ↑ "Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). Executive Office of the President – Office of Management and Budget. p. 106. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  24. ↑ "U.S. Metro Economies (note CSA 2012 GMP total includes sum of New York, Bridgeport, New Haven, Allentown, Trenton, Poughkeepsie, and Kingston MSA 2012 GMP values cited)" (PDF). IHS Global Insight, The United States Conference of Mayors, and The Council on Metro Economies and the New American City. November 2013. pp. 9 through 18 in Appendix Tables. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  25. ↑ Simon Kennedy (13 April 2014). "Beijing Breaks Into Top Ten in Rankings by A.T. Kearney". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  26. ↑ Michelle Kaske (12 March 2012). "New York City Tops Global Competitiveness, Economist Report Says". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  27. 1 2 Ellen Wulfhorst, editing by Eric Beech (2 February 2015). "New York City tourism hit record high in 2014, officials say". Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  28. ↑ DL Cade (27 Dec 2013). "Google Maps Out the Most Photographed Places in the World". PetaPixel. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  29. ↑ DL Cade (13 Dec 2013). "Most Instagrammed Locations and Cities of 2013 Revealed, as Well as Most-Liked Photo". PetaPixel. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  30. ↑ Sean O'Neill (12 June 2011). "The 25 most photographed places on Earth". NBCNews.com. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  31. ↑ "Times Square New York, NY Times Square". 2011 NYCTourist.com. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  32. ↑ "North Atlantic Treaty". Truman Library. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  33. ↑ "NATO – Official text: The North Atlantic Treaty, 04-Apr. 1949". Nato.int. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  34. ↑ Broder, David S. "Nation's Capital in Eclipse as Pride and Power Slip Away", The Washington Post, 18 February 1990. Retrieved 18 October 2010. "In the days of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan and the creation of NATO, [Clark Clifford] said, we saved the world, and Washington became the capital of the world."
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