Canvas (GUI)

In computer science and visualization, a canvas is a container that holds various drawing elements (lines, shapes, text, frames containing other elements, etc.). It takes its name from the canvas used in visual arts. It is sometimes called a scene graph because it arranges the logical representation of a user interface or graphical scene. Some implementations also define the spatial representation and allow the user to interact with the elements via a graphical user interface.

See this article for an overview (2010-08-15) of a small handful of canvas implementations.

Library support

Various free and open-source canvas or scene graph libraries are available for developers to use to create a user interface and/ or user interface elements for their computer programs.

Example free and open-source scene-graph canvas options include:

• In C, Evas from the Enlightenment project.
• In C, Clutter associated with the GNOME project.
• In C, GTK+ Scene Graph Kit (GSK)
• In C, Pigment
• In C++ or optionally their own markup QML, Qt Quick, provides a scenegraph associated with the Qt project.
• In C++, OpenSceneGraph, a 3D graphics API using OpenGL.
• In C++, the OGRE scene graph based engine supports multiple scene managers.
• In C++, OpenSG, a scene graph system for real-time graphics, with clustering support and multi-thread safety.
• In C++, the FlightGear Flight Simulator uses a custom Canvas system (LGPL'ed via SimGear^[1]) that is hardware-accelerated using OpenSceneGraph/OpenGL, OpenVG/ShivaVG:^[2] The FlightGear Canvas system
• In Java, the Java FX scene graph with 2D and 3D functionality.

There are canvas modules within various libraries which do not provide the power of a full scene-graph. That is, they operate at a lower level which requires the programmer to provide code such as mapping mouse-clicks to objects in the canvas. Examples libraries which include such a canvas module include:

• In C++, KDE Plasma Workspaces Corona canvas
• The Canvas element in HTML5
• For Java, the AWT library Canvas
• For Java, the Java FX library Canvas
• For Java, the Swing library Canvas
• For Java, the SWT library Canvas, associated with Eclipse
• For Java-like JavaScript, the GWT library Canvas
• For Tcl/Tk, the canvas widget
• For Python, the Tkinter library canvas
• In C++, the papyrus Canvas library which renders using the Cairo (graphics) library
• In C, crcanvas, a GTK+ canvas widget which renders using the Cairo (graphics) library
• In C, GooCanvas, a GTK+ canvas widget which renders using the Cairo (graphics) library

There are proprietary canvas libraries as well, for example:

• The Microsoft Windows Win32 Canvas

References