Cos-B

Cos-B, a satellite to study cosmic gamma-rays

Cos-B was the first European Space Research Organisation mission to study cosmic gamma ray sources. COS-B was first put forward by the European scientific community in the mid-1960s and approved by the ESRO council in 1969. The mission consisted of a satellite containing gamma-ray detectors, which was launched by NASA on behalf of the ESRO on August 9, 1975. The mission was completed on April 25, 1982, after the satellite had been operational for more than 6.5 years, four years longer than planned and had increased the amount of data on gamma rays by a factor of 25. Scientific results included the 2CG Catalogue listing around 25 gamma ray sources and a map of the Milky Way. The satellite also observed the X-ray binary Cygnus X-3.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to COS-B.

Space observatories

Current	AGILE AMS-02 Astrosat CALET Chandra (AXAF) DAMPE Fermi Gaia Hinode (Solar-B) HiRISE Hisaki (SPRINT-A) Hitomi (Astro-H) Hubble INTEGRAL IBEX IRIS Kepler LISA Pathfinder MAXI MOST NEOSSat NuSTAR Odin PAMELA R/HESSI SDO SOHO SOLAR Spektr-R Spitzer Swift TUGSAT-1 & UniBRITE-1 WISE XMM-Newton

Planned	HXMT (2016) ISS-CREAM (2016) NICER (2016) CHEOPS (2017) Nano-JASMINE (2017) Spektr-RG (2017) TESS (2017) James Webb (JWST) (2018) K-EUSO (2019) Public Telescope (PST) (2019) iWF-MAXI (2019+) Astro-1 Telescope (2020) Euclid (2020) Spektr-UV (2021) SVOM (2021) Space Solar Telescope Solar-C (2023) PLATO (2024) ATHENA (2028) eLISA (2034)

Proposals	ATLAST DIOS EXCEDE Fresnel Imager FINESSE FOCAL HDST Hypertelescope LiteBIRD NEOCam New Worlds Mission NGHXT NRO donation to NASA Solar-D SPICA THEIA WFIRST EUSO

Completed	Akari (Astro-F) (2006–2011) ALEXIS (1993–2005) ATM (1973–1974) ASCA (Astro-D) (1993–2000) Astro-1 (BBXRT HUT) (1990) Astro-2 (HUT) (1995) Astron (1983–1989) ANS (1974–1976) BeppoSAX (1996–2003) CHIPSat (2003–2008) Compton (CGRO) (1991–2000) COROT (2006–2013) Cos-B (1975–1982) COBE (1989–1993) EPOCh (2008) EPOXI (2010) EXOSAT (1983–1986) EUVE (1992–2001) FUSE (1999–2007) Kvant-1 (1987–2001) GALEX (2003–2013) Gamma (1990–1992) Ginga (Astro-C) (1987–1991) Granat (1989–1998) Hakucho (CORSA-ｂ) (1979–1985) HALCA (MUSES-B) (1997–2005) HEAO-1 (1977–1979) Herschel (2009–2013) Hinotori (Astro-A) (1981–1991) HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) (1978–1982) HEAO-3 (1979–1981) HETE-2 (2000–2007?) Hipparcos (1989–1993) IUE (1978–1996) IRAS (1983) IRTS (1995–1996) ISO (1996–1998) IXAE (1996–2004) Kristall (1990–2001) LEGRI (1997–2002) MSX (1996–1997) OAO-2 (1968–1973) OAO-3 (Copernicus) (1972–1981) Orion 1/2 (1971/1973) Planck (2009–2013) RELIKT-1 (1983–1984) ROSAT (1990–1999) Rossi X-ray (RXTE) (1995–2012) SAMPEX (1992–2004) SAS-B (1972–1973) SAS-C (1975–1979) Suzaku (Astro-EII) (2005–2015) Taiyo (SRATS) (1975–1980) Tenma (Astro-B) (1983–1985) Uhuru (1970–1973) WMAP (2001–2010) 1st mission WISE (2009–2011) Yokoh (Solar-A) (1991–2001)

Lost	e.g. launch failures: OAO-1/OAO-B (1966/1970) CORSA (1976) ABRIXAS (1999) HETE (1996) WIRE (1999) Astro-E (2000)

Completed	hibernating after mission: SWAS (1998–2005) TRACE (1998–2010)

Cancelled	Astro-G Constellation-X Darwin Destiny EChO Eddington FAME GEMS IXO JDEM LOFT SIM & SIMlite SNAP TAUVEX TPF XEUS

See also	Great Observatories program List of space telescopes List of proposed space observatories

Category

European Space Agency

Spaceports	Guiana Space Centre Esrange

Launch vehicles	Ariane 5 Arianespace Soyuz Vega

Facilities	ESOC ESTEC ESRIN EAC ESAC ECSAT CDF ST-ECF

Communications	ESTRACK European Data Relay System

Programmes	Aurora Copernicus Sentinel Cosmic Vision EGNOS ELIPS ExoMars FLPP Galileo LPP Space Situational Awareness Programme

Predecessors	ELDO ESRO

Related topics	Arianespace ESA Television EUMETSAT European Space Camp GEWEX Planetary Science Archive

Projects and missions

Science

Solar physics	ISEE-2 (1977–1987) Ulysses (1990–2009) SOHO (1995–present) Cluster II (2000–present) Solar Orbiter (2017)

Planetary science	Giotto (1985–1992) Huygens (1997–2005) SMART-1 (2003–2006) Mars Express (2003–present) Rosetta/Philae (2004–present) Venus Express (2005–2014) ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (2016) BepiColombo (2017) ExoMars rover (2018) AIDA (2020) Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (2022)

Astronomy and cosmology	Cos-B (1975–1982) IUE (1978–1996) EXOSAT (1983–1986) Hipparcos (1989–1993) Hubble (1990–present) Eureca (1992–1993) ISO (1995–1998) XMM-Newton (1999–present) INTEGRAL (2002–present) COROT (2006–2013) Planck (2009–2013) Herschel (2009–2013) Gaia (2013–present) CHEOPS (2017) James Webb (2018) Euclid (2020) PLATO (2024) ATHENA (2028) LISA (2034)

Earth observation	Meteosat First Generation (1977–1997) ERS-1 (1991–2000) ERS-2 (1995–2011) Meteosat Second Generation (2002–present) Envisat (2002–2012) Double Star (2003–2007) MetOp (2006–present) GOCE (2009–2013) SMOS (2009–present) CryoSat-2 (2010–present) Swarm (2013–present) Sentinel-1 (2014–present) Sentinel-2 (2015–present) Sentinel-3A (2016–present) Sentinel-5 Precursor (2016) Meteosat Third Generation (Sentinel-4) (2017) ADM-Aeolus (2017) EarthCARE (2018) MetOp-SG-A (2021) SMILE (2021) MetOp-SG-B (2022) FLEX (2022)

ISS spaceflight

ISS contribution (1998–present)
Columbus (2008–present)
Jules Verne (2008)
Cupola (2010–present)
Johannes Kepler (2011)
Edoardo Amaldi (2012)
Albert Einstein (2013)
Georges Lemaître (2014)
European Robotic Arm (2017)

Telecommunications

GEOS 2 (1978)
Olympus-1 (1989–1993)
Artemis (2001–present)
GIOVE-A (2005–present)
GIOVE-B (2008–present)
HYLAS (2010–present)
Galileo IOV (2011–present)
Galileo FOC (2014–present)
European Data Relay System (2015)

Technology
demonstrators

ARD (1998)
PROBA (2001–present)
YES2 (2007)
Proba-2 (2009–present)
Proba-V (2013–present)
IXV (2015)
LISA Pathfinder (2015–present)
OPS-SAT (Q3/Q4 2017)
Proba-3 (2018)
Lunar Lander (2018)

Cancelled and proposed

Failed

Future missions in italics

Category
Commons
Wikinews
WikiProject

← 1974 · Orbital launches in 1975 · 1976 →

Soyuz 17 \| Kosmos 702 \| Kosmos 703 \| Landsat 2 \| Kosmos 704 \| Kosmos 705 \| Kosmos 706 \| Kosmos 707 \| Molniya-2-12 \| Starlette \| SMS-2 \| Kosmos 708 \| Kosmos 709 \| Intelsat IV F-6 \| Taiyo \| Kosmos 710 \| Kosmos 711 · Kosmos 712 · Kosmos 713 · Kosmos 714 · Kosmos 715 · Kosmos 716 · Kosmos 717 · Kosmos 718 \| OPS 2439 \| Kosmos 719 \| Kosmos 720 \| Kosmos 721 · Nauka-5KSA No.4 \| Kosmos 722 \| Interkosmos 13 \| Meteor-M No.31 \| Kosmos 723 \| Soyuz 7K-T No.39 \| Kosmos 724 \| Kosmos 725 \| GEOS-3 \| Kosmos 726 \| RM-20 \| Molniya-3 No.12 \| Kosmos 727 \| Kosmos 728 \| OPS 4883 \| Aryabhata \| Kosmos 729 \| Kosmos 730 \| Molniya-1-29 \| Explorer 53 \| Anik A3 \| Polluz · Castor \| OPS 9435 · OPS 9436 \| Kosmos 731 · Nauka-9KS No.2 \| Intelsat IV F-1 \| OPS 6226 \| Soyuz 18 \| Kosmos 732 · Kosmos 733 · Kosmos 734 · Kosmos 735 · Kosmos 736 · Kosmos 737 · Kosmos 738 · Kosmos 739 \| Kosmos 740 \| Kosmos 741 \| DS-U3-IK No.5 \| Kosmos 742 \| Molniya-1 No.24 · SRET-2 \| Venera 9 \| OPS 6381 · P-226-1 \| Nimbus 6 \| Kosmos 743 \| Venera 10 \| OPS 4966 \| Kosmos 744 \| OSO-8 \| Kosmos 745 \| Kosmos 746 \| Kosmos 747 \| Kosmos 748 \| Kosmos 749 \| Molniya-2-13 \| Meteor-2 No.1 \| Soyuz 19 \| Apollo · DM-2 \| Kosmos 750 \| Kosmos 751 \| Kosmos 752 \| Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing 1 \| Kosmos 753 \| Cos-B \| Kosmos 754 \| Kosmos 755 \| Viking 1 \| Kosmos 756 \| Symphonie 2 \| Kosmos 757 \| Molniya-1-31 \| Kosmos 758 \| Molniya-2-14 \| Kiku 1 \| Viking 2 \| Kosmos 759 \| Kosmos 760 \| Kosmos 761 · Kosmos 762 · Kosmos 763 · Kosmos 764 · Kosmos 765 · Kosmos 766 · Kosmos 767 · Kosmos 768 \| Meteor-M No.28 \| Kosmos 769 \| Kosmos 770 \| Kosmos 771 \| Intelsat IVA F-1 \| Aura \| Kosmos 772 \| Kosmos 773 \| Kosmos 774 \| Explorer 54 \| Kosmos 775 \| OPS 5499 \| Triad 2 \| E-8-5M No.412 \| GOES 1 \| Kosmos 776 \| Kosmos 777 \| Kosmos 778 \| Kosmos 779 \| Molniya-3 No.13 \| Soyuz 20 \| Explorer 55 \| Kosmos 780 \| Kosmos 781 \| Kosmos 782 \| Fanhui Shi Weixing 2 \| Kosmos 783 \| Kosmos 784 \| OPS 4428 · OPS 5547 \| DAD-A · DAD-B \| Interkosmos 14 \| Kosmos 785 \| Satcom 1 \| OPS 3165 \| Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing 2 \| Kosmos 786 \| Molniya-2-15 \| Unnamed \| Prognoz 4 \| Gran' No.11L \| Meteor No.38 \| Molniya-3 No.15

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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