CNR Dalian

CNR Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd.
Industry Rail transport
Founded 1899 (1899) as "Shahekou factory", then "Dalian Locomotive Works" (1945-2007)
Headquarters Dalian, Liaoning, China
Area served
 Worldwide
Products Diesel and electric locomotives, EMUs, diesel engines
Number of employees
 ~8000
Parent China CNR Corporation Limited
Website dloco.com

CNR Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company (in Chinese: 大连机车车辆有限公司), often abbreviated as DLoco, is a company located in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China, producing railway locomotives, multiple units and diesel engines.

The factory was established in 1899 during the period of construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway, as the Shahekou works, and was under Japanese control from 1905, and later part of the Manchukuo state. After the end of the Second World war the railway was under joint Chinese and Russia control until the 1950s when the Chinese Eastern Railroad and the city of Dalian were transferred to sole Chinese control. The factory was state owned, and controlled by the Ministry of Railways until 2001 when LORIC (China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation) was split into two groups; it then became one of the constituent companies of China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation (CNR) (after 2008 China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Corporation Limited).

History

1899-1952

Dalian in relation to the South Manchurian branch (NE-SW) of the Chinese Eastern Railway (map 1912).
A CKD8 diesel-electric locomotive operating in Argentina for Trenes Argentinos.
Pachina-class locomotive for Asia Express; 1934 trial run.
The “East Wind Number 4” DF4B Diesel Locomotive.
The Entrance to CNR Dalian Research Institute on Zhongchang Street, Dalian.

The locomotive factory in Dalian was founded in 1899,[1] contemporary with the construction of the southern branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway during the lease of the Liaodong Peninsula from China to the Russian Empire,[n 1] and to the development of Dalian as a port and town.[2][3]

In 1905, the "Shahekou Plant"[n 2] came under Japanese control as a result of the Treaty of Portsmouth,[n 3] and in 1906 the railway from Dalian to Changchun became part of the Japanese controlled South Manchurian Railway.[6]

In 1934 the factory together with Kawasaki Heavy Industries, manufactured the Asia Express high speed steam train for the South Manchuria Railway.[7]

In 1945 at the end of the Second World War the city came under Soviet Russian control. The Changchun Railway was jointly operated by China and Russia until 1952, when control was passed entirely to the Chinese government. Soviet Russian occupation ended in 1955.[3][8][9]

1952-2000

In 1956 the company manufacturerd the China Railways HP[n 4] prototype 2-10-2 steam powered locomotive.[10][11] and in 1957, the first China Railways JS class 2-8-2 locomotive,[n 5] of which 1916 were built at different plants.[12] as well as other steam locomotives.

Diesel locomotives were developed and produced at the plant, a prototype diesel electric type "JuLong" (巨龙 meaning 'grand dragon') was produced in 1958 based on the Russian ТЭ10 locomotive and Fairbanks Morse FM38D opposed piston engine,[13] which led to the DF class diesel electric locomotives entered production in 1964.[13][14]

The change from steam to diesel production began in 1965,[15] and in 1969, the first of the China Railways DF4 class of locomotives was produced. The DF4 series of locomotive type became the main mainline diesel locomotive type in China,[16][17] and developments were produced in the following decades; including the DF4B in 1984, the DF4D in 1996.[15][18]

In the 1980s the company began a decade long research partnership with Ricardo plc into increasing the power output and efficiency of its DL240 diesel engine products.[1][19] In 1997 it began working with Southwest Research Institute (USA) on the design of a new locomotive diesel engine.[20][21]

The company first exported a mainline diesel locomotive in 1993 (to Myanmar), by the middle of the first decade of the 21st century the company had exported over 200 diesel locomotives.[1]

By 2000 the company was producing half of the China's internal supply of diesel locomotives, and manufactured 80% of the countries diesel locomotive exports.[22]

2000-

The state company China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation, or LORIC, was split into the northern and southern groups; in 2000 the company became part of the newly formed China Northern Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation along with other rail vehicle manufacturers in China.[23]

In the first decade of the 21st century the plant began producing two new mainline locomotive product types; the China Railways HXD3 electric locomotives in association with Toshiba, a joint venture with Toshiba (大连东芝机车电气设备有限公司, Dalian Toshiba Locomotive Electric Equipment Co., Ltd.) was formed in 2002 to manufacture electric equipment for rolling stock.[24] Also in the 2000s the diesel electric locomotives China Railways HXN3 were produced at Dalian in association with GM EMD.

In 2009 the company obtained its first export order to supply locomotives to a western country, an order for 20 New Zealand DL class locomotives.[25]

In 2009 the groundbreaking ceremony took place for a new plant in the Port Arthur economic development zone (Lushunkou District); the new facility was developed in conjunction with the municipal cuncil of Dalian city. The facility, on a 2 km (1.2 mi) site, is designed to have a production of around 1000 locomotives, 1000 rail vehicles and 1000 diesel engines per year.[26] The plant officially opened in August 2011, the first vehicles on the production line were metro passenger units for Line 2, Tianjin Metro.[27]

Research, development and education

In 1956, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Manufacturing School was established nearby on Huanghe Road, which became the Dalian Railway Institute (Chinese: 大连铁道学院) in 1958, and in 2004 Dalian Jiaotong University (Chinese: 大连交通大学).[28]

Also in Dalian is the CNR Dalian Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd. (中国北车集团大连机车研究所有限公司), founded 1922; the organisation became a company subsidiary of China CNR Corporation in 2007.[29]

Products and services

The company's primary products are railway rolling stock and related parts; it has a production capacity of ~600 locomotives and 300 metro rail vehicles per year.[30]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The lease and railway construction rights were obtained in the Li–Lobanov Treaty of 1896
  2. ↑ The plant was located in the Shahekou District of Dalian
  3. ↑ Treaty of Portsmouth, Article VI : "The Imperial Russian Government engages to transfer and assign to the Imperial Government of Japan, without compensation and with the consent of the Chinese Government, the railway between Chang-chunfu and Kuanchangtsu and Port Arthur, and all the branches, together with all the rights, privileges and properties appertaining thereto in that region .."[4][5]
  4. ↑ HP refers to "Heping" (Chinese: 和平号) meaning "Peace"[10][11]
  5. ↑ JS refers to "Jian She" meaning "Construction"[12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Sources:
    企业简介. www.dloco.com (in Chinese). Retrieved June 2012.
    中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司_公司介绍_成员企业_中国北车股份有限公司 [CNR Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co. Company Profile : CNR member company]. www.chinacnr.com (in Chinese).
  2. ↑ Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2010). The Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing and The Rosen Publishing Group. Dalian (Dairen), pp.167-8.
  3. 1 2 "Dalian". World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 2. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 2007. p. 158.
  4. ↑ "The Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905 - September 5, 1905". www.russojapanesewar.com.
  5. ↑ Melvin Eugene Page; Penny M. Sonnenburg (2003). Colonialism: an international social, cultural, and political encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. "Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905)" , pp.480-1, "Treaty of Portsmouth (September 5, 1905)", article VI , pp.1002.
  6. ↑ Alvin D. Coox (1990). Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939, Volumes 1-2. Stanford University Press. pp. 1–2.
  7. ↑ 1934年（昭和9年）　パシナ形蒸気機関車979号が当社製造蒸気機関車の1,500両目となる : 沿革  : 川崎重工 車両カンパニー. www.khi.co.jp (in Japanese). Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
  8. ↑ Christian A. Hess (2007). "Chapter 7: Big Brother Is Watching: Local Sino-Soviet Relations and the Building of New Dalian 1945-55". In Jeremy Brown, Paul Pickowicz. Dilemmas of victory: the early years of the People's Republic of China. Harvard University Press. pp. 160–1.
  9. ↑ Л. М. Малухин. "Китайская Чанчуньская железная дорога". Большой Советской Энциклопедии. bse.sci-lib.com (in Russian).
  10. 1 2 Duncan Cotteril. "QJ Class 2-10-2". www.railography.co.uk.
  11. 1 2 Hans Schaefer. "History and technical data of steam locomotive type QJ". home.c2i.net.
  12. 1 2 Duncan Cotteril. "Railography : Class Profiles : JS Class 2-8-2". www.railography.co.uk.
  13. 1 2 Robin J Gibbons. "DF (DF3) 东风". www.railwaysofchina.com.
  14. ↑ 东风、东风2、东风3型内燃机车 [DF, DF2, and DF3 diesel locomotives]. www.kepu.net.cn (in Chinese). 铁道馆_中国科普博览, 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心.
  15. 1 2 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 [CNR Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd.]. www.dloco.com (in Chinese).
  16. ↑ Robbin R Gibbons. "DF4 / DF4A/ DF4B 东风4". www.railwaysofchina.com.
  17. ↑ Duncan Cotterill. "Railography : Class Profiles : DF4, DF4A, DF4B Class Co'-Co' DE". www.railography.co.uk.
  18. ↑ 东风4型内燃机车 [DF4 locomotive]. www.kepu.net/cn (in Chinese).
  19. ↑ Mark Dodgson (1993). Technological collaboration in industry: strategy, policy, and internationalization in innovation. Routledge. Case Study: Ricardo/DLW, pp. 119-125.
  20. ↑ "China's Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works". Railway Age. April 1997.
  21. ↑ "Design of a New Generation Locomotive Diesel Engine". www.swri.org.
  22. ↑ 王国振 (Wang Guozhen) (2001). 中国北方明珠——大连 [Pearl of North China : Dalian]. 五洲传播出版社 (China intercontinental press). p. 9.
  23. ↑ Sources:
    "China CNR Corporation Limited > About CNR > History". www.chinacnr.com.
    中国北车股份有限公司 > 公司介绍 > 公司历史. www.chinacnr.com (in Chinese).
  24. ↑ "Toshiba Establishes Joint Venture for Rolling Stock Electric Equipment with Major Chinese Locomotive Manufacturer". www.toshiba.co.jp (Press release). Toshiba. 28 August 2002.
  25. ↑ "KiwiRail's first Chinese locomotive arrives next month". railwaygazette.com. Railway Gazette International. 22 September 2010.
  26. ↑ 陆世光; 解传平 (24 November 2009). 大连机车旅顺基地隆重奠基 [Dalian locomotive Port Arthur foundation stone laying ceremony]. www.dloco.com (in Chinese).
  27. ↑ 大连机车旅顺基地正式启用, liaoning.nen.com.cn (in Chinese), 24 August 2011
  28. ↑ "DaLian JiaoTong University : History". Dalian Jiaotong University.
  29. ↑ 中国北车集团大连机车研究所有限公司 [CNR Dalian Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd.]. www.chinacnr.com (in Chinese).
  30. ↑ 企业能力, www.dloco.com (in Chinese)

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