CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876

This article is about one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "1st Class". For other CGR 1st Class locomotives, see Cape Government Railways 1st Class locomotives.
CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876
South African Class 01 2-6-0ST

CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST no. M16
SAR Class 01 2-6-0 ST no. 0416
Type and origin
Power type Steam
Designer Kitson and Company
Builder Kitson and Company
Serial number 2046-2047
Model 2-6-0T Back-to-Back
Build date 1876
Total produced One pair
Rebuilder Cape Government Railways
Rebuild date c. 1881
Number rebuilt 2
Specifications
Configuration 2-6-0T, rebuilt to 2-6-0ST (Mogul)
Driver 2nd coupled axle
Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia 24 in (610 mm)
Coupled dia 39 in (991 mm)
Wheelbase:
  Engine
11 ft 3 12 in (3,442 mm)
  Coupled 7 ft 9 in (2,362 mm)
Wheel spacing
(Assymetrical)
1-2: 3 ft 5 in (1,041 mm)
2-3: 4 ft 1 in (1,245 mm)
Length:
  Over couplers 22 ft 9 12 in (6,947 mm)
Height 11 ft 4 12 in (3,467 mm)
Axle load 2-6-0ST: 7 LT 8 cwt (7,519 kg)
  Leading 2-6-0ST: 5 LT 6 cwt (5,385 kg)
  1st coupled 2-6-0ST: 6 LT 16 cwt (6,909 kg)
  2nd coupled 2-6-0ST: 7 LT 8 cwt (7,519 kg)
  3rd coupled 2-6-0ST: 6 LT 3 cwt (6,249 kg)
Adhesive weight 2-6-0ST: 20 LT 7 cwt (20,680 kg)
Loco weight 2-6-0ST: 25 LT 13 cwt (26,060 kg)
Fuel type Coal
Fuel capacity 2-6-0ST: 10 long hundredweight (0.5 t)
Water cap 2-6-0ST: 520 imp gal (2,400 l; 620 US gal)
Firebox type Round-top
  Firegrate area 10 sq ft (0.93 m2)
Boiler:
  Pitch
5 ft 8 in (1,727 mm)
Boiler pressure 140 psi (970 kPa)
Safety valve Salter
Heating surface 532 sq ft (49.4 m2)
  Tubes 483 sq ft (44.9 m2)
  Firebox 49 sq ft (4.6 m2)
Cylinders Two
Cylinder size 12 in (305 mm) bore
20 in (508 mm) stroke
Valve gear Stephenson
Couplers Bell link-and-pin
Performance figures
Tractive effort 7,754 lbf (34.49 kN) @ 75%
Career
Operators Cape Government Railways
South African Railways
Class CGR 1st Class, SAR Class 01
Number in class 2
Numbers M15-M16, SAR 0405-0416
Delivered 1876
First run 1876

The Cape Government Railways 1st Class 2-6-0ST of 1876 is a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1876, the Cape Government Railways placed a pair of Stephenson’s Patent back-to-back 2-6-0 Mogul type side-tank locomotives, built by Kitson, in service on the Cape Midland system. They were later separated and rebuilt to saddle-tank locomotives, for use as shunting engines. When a classification system was introduced by the Railways, they were designated 1st Class.[1][2]

Manufacturer

A pair of Stephenson’s Patent back-to-back Mogul type 2-6-0 side-tank locomotives were delivered to the Cape Government Railways (CGR) from Kitson and Company in 1876. They arrived in Port Elizabeth on the ship Queen of the West on 21 February and were numbered M15 and M16 in the Midland System's number range.[1][2][3]

Characteristics

The locomotives were built as permanently coupled back-to-back tank locomotives, a configuration which allowed the two engines to be operated by a single crew. A similar pair of 0-6-0T back-to-back locomotives, built by Robert Stephenson and Company, was delivered to the Eastern System in East London in that same year.[3][4]

Their feedwater pumps, attached to the right hand side of their spectacle plates, were actuated from the piston crossheads. The locomotives were, in addition, each equipped with a small feedwater injector feed, attached to the left side of the smokebox, for use in cases of emergency or while the locomotives were stationary. The injector had been invented by the French engineer Henri Giffard in 1852.[5]

Tyre wear was reduced by supplying jets of water, fed from 12 inch (13 millimetres) diameter pipes, to the leading wheels while negotiating curves. This was found to diminish friction significantly.[5]

The locomotives' cylinders and slide valve faces were lubricated by tallow cups, attached to the sides of the cylinder assemblies. When melted tallow was found to be unsatisfactory, it was replaced by vegetable oils.[5]

Service

Cape Government Railways

It is not known whether this back-to-back pair displayed the same instability in operation as the 0-6-0T back-to-back locomotive pair on the Eastern System, but by 1881 they had also been separated. In the process they were rebuilt to saddle-tank engines, for use in shunting service in Port Elizabeth, where they spent the rest of their service lives. When a classification system was introduced on the CGR, they were designated 1st Class.[1][2][3][6][7]

During the CGR era, both locomotives were renumbered more than once. By 1886, the system prefix "M" was replaced by the numeral "1". They were renumbered at least twice more, to 215 and 216 by 1890 and to 415 and 416 by 1896.[1][2][7]

South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways required careful planning and was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.[7][8]

By 1912, both locomotives still survived to be taken onto the SAR roster. Since they were considered obsolete by the SAR, the locomotives were designated Class 01 and renumbered by having the numeral 0 prefixed to their existing numbers. Even though they were considered obsolete and no. 0415 was scrapped in 1916, no. 0416 was only scrapped in 1946, after seventy years in service.[2][6][7][9]

Illustration

A front view of the rebuilt saddle-tank version is illustrated below, showing no. 0416, which began its career as half of the Stephenson's Patent permanently coupled back-to-back pair in 1876.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 1: 1859-1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 28, 106. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 C.G.R. Numbering Revised, Article by Dave Littley, SA Rail May–June 1993, pp. 94-95.
  3. 1 2 3 Back-to-back - The known facts
  4. Wiener, Lionel. Articulated Locomotives. pp. 508-509, 511.
  5. 1 2 3 Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1943). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II - The Cape Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, September 1943. pp. 657-659.
  6. 1 2 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 118–121. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 2, 18. (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
  8. The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.
  9. Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. p. 16. ISBN 0869772112.
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