Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

butyryl-CoA + acceptor 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are butyryl-CoA and an acceptor, whereas its two products are 2-butenoyl-CoA and reduced acceptor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is butanoyl-CoA:acceptor 2,3-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include butyryl dehydrogenase, unsaturated acyl-CoA reductase, ethylene reductase, enoyl-coenzyme A reductase, unsaturated acyl coenzyme A reductase, butyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl CoA reductase, and butanoyl-CoA:(acceptor) 2,3-oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: fatty acid metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and butanoate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, FAD.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1BUC and 1JQI.

References

• Boyer, P.D., Lardy, H. and Myrback, K. (Eds.), The Enzymes, 2nd ed., vol. 7, Academic Press, New York, 1963, p. 447-466.
• MAHLER HR, MACKLER B, GREEN DE (1954). "Studies on metalloflavoproteins. III. Aldehyde oxidase: a molybdoflavoprotein". J. Biol. Chem. 210 (1): 465–80. PMID 13201608. 
• HAUGE JG, CRANE FL, BEINERT H (1956). "On the mechanism of dehydrogenation of fatty acyl derivatives of coenzyme A. III. Palmityl coA dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 219 (2): 727–33. PMID 13319294. 
• MAHLER HR (1954). "Studies on the fatty acid oxidizing system of animal tissues. IV The prosthetic group of butyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 206 (1): 13–26. PMID 13130522.