Loincloth

A form of loincloth worn with a cape by an Aztec ruler, c. 1500

A loincloth is a one-piece garment, sometimes kept in place by a belt. It covers the genitals and, at least partially, the buttocks.

History and types

Loincloths are being and have been worn in societies where no other clothing is needed or wanted, as an undergarment or swimsuit, by wrestlers and by farmers in paddy fields in both Sri Lanka and India, where it is called kaupinam or langot.

The loincloth, or breechcloth, is a basic form of dress, often worn as the only garment. Men have worn a loincloth as a fundamental piece of clothing which covers their genitals, not the buttocks, in most societies which disapproved of genital nakedness throughout human history. The loincloth is in essence a piece of material, bark-bast, leather, or cloth, passed between the legs and covering the genitals. Despite its functional simplicity, the loincloth comes in many different forms.

Aztec Indians wore loincloths with or without other garments

A breechcloth, or breechclout, consists of a strip of material (bark, cloth, leather) passed between the thighs and secured by a belt. A loincloth is a long piece of cloth, passed between the thighs and wound around the waist.

Breechcloths and loincloths are garments of dignity among those who traditionally wear them. The styles in which breechcloths and loincloths can be arranged are myriad. Both the Bornean sirat and the Indian dhoti have fabric pass between the legs to support a man's genitals.

One style of loincloth consists of a single long strip of bark-cloth or woven cloth. It was used by the inhabitants of the Austronesian speaking area of Southeast Asia and Oceania, where it was known as chawat [cawat], sirat, bah, bahag, maro or malo. The cawat/maro style loincloth is an important cultural marker of the region.

Various cultures in tropical Africa wore or still wear traditional loincloths, often as the only garment for everyday use. The loincloth of Southern African San, called !xai, is a piece of skin roughly T-shaped, with long ties at the corners of the arms. The free end is pulled in back and tucked under the ties.

The ancient Egyptians, both men and women, wore loincloths as underwear, the men beneath their kilt-like schenti. Their loincloths consisted of fine linen cloths in a triangular shape with ties at the two corners. The base of the triangle was placed at the small of the back and the ties tied in front, then the point or apex was drawn between the legs and tucked under the string, the opposite of the San fashion.

A similar style of loincloth was also characteristic of ancient Meso-America. The male inhabitants of the area of modern Mexico wore a wound loincloth of woven fabric. One end of the loincloth was held up, the remainder passed between the thighs, wound about the waist, and secured in back by tucking.[1]

Australian Aboriginal dance group wearing loincloths made from modern materials on stage at the Nambassa festival

In Pre-Columbian South America, ancient Inca men wore a strip of cloth between their legs held up by strings or tape as a belt. The cloth was secured to the tapes at the back and the front portion hung in front as an apron, always well ornamented. The same garment, mostly in plain cotton but whose aprons are now, like T-shirts, sometimes decorated with logos, is known in Japan as etchu fundoshi.

Some of the culturally diverse Amazonian Indians still wear an ancestral type of loincloth.

In most of (sub-)tropical continental Asia, types of loincloth such as the Indian lungi, often unisex or with a close female counterpart, remain in use as traditional dress, especially among the rural peasant communities, while city dwellers tend to adopt western style costumes. An elaborate, decorated form is also worn as the only garment in certain martial arts, such as Kerala's Kalaripayattu; like "boxer shorts", it must allow the fighter free or even acrobatic movement.

Japanese men wore until recently a loincloth known as a fundoshi. The fundoshi is a 35 cm (14 in.) wide piece of fabric (cotton or silk) passed between the thighs and secured to cover the genitals.

Men of Indo-European culture (Greeks, Romans, and Scandinavians) wore the loincloth more or less habitually. (Women wore a fuller version, with ties before and behind, a bikini, called a "perizoma", as depicted on the mosaics at Piazza Armerina.) An ancient version of the loincloth, the breechcloth, was found in the Alps on a c. 3200 BCE archaeological find named Ötzi.

After the fall of the Roman empire, the loincloth disappeared in Europe. Trousers of one kind or another, which had been considered a Celtic oddity in the Ancient Mediterranean cultures, became the usual wear for men.

Connotations

When Westerners once again came into contact with loincloths elsewhere, they viewed it as an exotic and indecent garment because the wearer's buttocks were exposed. The connection of loincloth-wearing with "backwardness" became even more pronounced in the 19th-century heyday of colonialism and industrialisation. Often, the only garment black male slaves in tropical colonies were permitted to wear was a scanty breechcloth; even the working class in the West wore at least a shirt and trousers.

Now, the loincloth is nearly extinct as normal male wear in the industrialised world, except in certain contexts in Japan. However, in some cases,Which cases? Where? it is worn as part of tribal or national dress, for the benefit of tourists, by tradition, or as a statement. It is occasionally worn in jest by naturists (nudists) on the village square and near the port of the naturist village Île du Levant, where by law some cloth must be worn.

Breechcloth

Two Mojave men in breechcloths

A breechcloth, or breechclout, is a form of loincloth consisting in a strip of material – usually a narrow rectangle – passed between the thighs and held up in front and behind by a belt or string.[2][3] Often, the flaps hang down in front and back.[3]

Native Americans

In most Native American tribes, men used to wear some form of breechcloth, often with leggings.[3][4][5][6] The style differed from tribe to tribe. In many tribes, the flaps hung down in front and back; in others, the breechcloth looped outside the belt and was tucked into the inside, for a more fitted look.[3] Sometimes, the breechcloth was much shorter and a decorated apron panel was attached in front and behind.[3]

A Native American woman or teenage girl might also wear a fitted breechcloth underneath her skirt, but not as outerwear. However, in many tribes young girls did wear breechcloths like the boys until they became old enough for skirts and dresses.[3] Among the Mohave people of the American Southwest, a breechcloth given to a young female symbolically recognizes her status as hwame.[7]

Japanese and Europeans

Some European men around 2000 BC wore leather breechcloths, as can be seen from the clothing of Ötzi.[8]

During World War II, Allied POWs in Japan often had nothing but a textile breechcloth to wear, affording them only a modicum of modesty and free transpiration but virtually no protection against the tropical sun, parasites, etc.

Japanese men traditionally wore a breechcloth known as a fundoshi. The fundoshi is a 35 cm (14 in.) wide piece of fabric (cotton or silk) passed between the thighs and secured to cover the genitals. There are many ways of tying the fundoshi,[9] and in the modern age, men are coming to enjoy using patterned cloth for their fundoshis.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Local names: Nahuatl maxtlatl, Mayan ex.
  2. ↑ U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2009-12-22.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Native Languages. Retrieved on 2009-12-22.
  4. ↑ Minor, Marz & Minor, Nono (1977). The American Indian Craft Book. Bison Books. pp. 72-73. ISBN 0-8032-5891-7. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.
  5. ↑ Mayfield, Thomas Jefferson (1997). Adopted by Indians: A True Story. Heyday Books. p. 83. ISBN 0-930588-93-2. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.
  6. ↑ Typical Indian Clothing (male). Retrieved on 2010-07-15.
  7. ↑ Conner, Sparks, and Sparks, eds. (1997) Cassell's Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit: Covering Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Lore
  8. ↑ South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  9. ↑ Fundoshi

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