Knysna dwarf chameleon

Knysna dwarf chameleon
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Chamaeleonidae
Genus: Bradypodion
Species: B. damaranum
Binomial name
Bradypodion damaranum
(Boulenger, 1887)
Knysna dwarf chameleon in a human hand

The Knysna dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion damaranum) is a species of dwarf chameleon in the Bradypodion ("slow footed") genus that is endemic to South Africa. It is a forest dweller, found only in a limited range in the afromontane forests near Knysna, South Africa, and in certain other areas. As with most chameleons, its tongue is twice the length of its body and it can be shot out of its mouth using a special muscle in the jaw. This gives the chameleon the ability to catch insects some distance away.

Taxonomy

In the past, most South African dwarf chameleons were considered to be a subspecies of one Cape Bradypodion species [1] This is now known to be wrong, however; B. damaranum does not appear to have any particularly close living relatives. Like the Cape dwarf chameleon, it seems to be a basal offshoot of the ancestral stock which gave rise to all Bradypodion chameleon species.[2]

Male Knysna dwarf chameleon, submissive coloration

Habitat

The normal habitat of Bradypodion damaranum is dense, wet montane forest.

Urban environments

This chameleon also readily adapts to living in gardens. However not all suburban areas are suitable. Chameleons can only survive in gardens with lots of bushy and varied vegetation. Most suitable are bushes and small trees which have fine foliage or thin twigs that chameleons can grasp with their hands and use as perches. Pruning or trimming of bushes will usually injure and kill the chameleons. They will avoid lawns too. Chameleons wander and, in suburbs with smaller gardens, they also avoid properties which are not connected to larger "green corridors" which extend over several properties.[3]

In urban areas its predators are mainly domestic cats - a non-native, introduced predator, against which chameleons are relatively defenseless. Other predators include a range of urban and introduced bird species such as crows. Certain gardening practices such as using insecticides or hedge trimmers can also kill off urban populations.[4][5][6]

References

  1. ↑ (e.g. Klaver & Böhme 1997)
  2. ↑ (Tolley et al. 2004)
  3. ↑ K.A. Tolley; R. Raw; R. Altwegg; J. Measey: Chameleons on the move: survival and movement of the Cape dwarf chameleon, Bradypodion pumilum, within a fragmented urban habitat. African Zoology 45(1): 99–106 (April 2010)
  4. ↑ Pdf. list of CITES-protected Endangered Species.
  5. ↑ A.D.Rebelo: Movement of the Cape dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion pumilum): are they vulnerable to habitat fragmentation? Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town. 2014
  6. ↑ FAQ - Prof. K. Tolley

External links

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