Borley Rectory

Borley Rectory

The rectory in 1892
General information
Type Rectory
Architectural style Gothic Revival
Address Borley, Essex, England
Coordinates 52°03′17″N 0°41′39″E / 52.0546°N 0.6942°E / 52.0546; 0.6942
Completed 1862 (1862)
Demolished 1944 (1944)

Borley Rectory was a Victorian mansion that gained fame as "the most haunted house in England" after being described as such by Harry Price. [1] Built in 1862 to house the rector of the parish of Borley and his family, it was badly damaged by fire in 1939 and demolished in 1944.

The large Gothic-style rectory in the village of Borley had been alleged to be haunted ever since it was built. These reports multiplied suddenly in 1929, after the Daily Mirror published an account of a visit by paranormal researcher Harry Price, who wrote two books supporting claims of paranormal activity.

The uncritical acceptance of Price's reports prompted a formal study by the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), which rejected most of the sightings as either imagined or fabricated and cast doubt on Price's credibility. His claims are now generally discredited by ghost historians. Neither the SPR's report nor the more recent biography of Price has quelled public interest in the stories, and new books and television documentaries continue to satisfy public fascination with the rectory.

A short programme commissioned by the BBC about the alleged manifestations, scheduled to be broadcast in September 1956, was cancelled owing to concerns about a possible legal action by Marianne Foyster, widow of the last rector to live in the house.[2]

History

Borley Rectory was constructed near Borley Church by the Reverend Henry Dawson Ellis Bull in 1862;[3] he moved in a year after being named rector of the parish.[4] The house replaced an earlier rectory on the site that had been destroyed by fire in 1841.[5] It was eventually enlarged by the addition of a wing to house Bull's family of fourteen children.[6]

The nearby church, the nave of which may date from the 12th century,[7] serves a scattered rural community of three hamlets that make up the parish. There are several substantial farmhouses and the fragmentary remains of Borley Hall, once the seat of the Waldegrave family. Ghost hunters quote the legend of a Benedictine monastery supposedly built in this area in about 1362, according to which a monk from the monastery conducted a relationship with a nun from a nearby convent. After their affair was discovered, the monk was executed and the nun bricked up alive in the convent walls. It was confirmed in 1938 that this legend had no historical basis and seemed to have been fabricated by the rector's children to romanticise their Gothic-style red-brick rectory. The story of the walling-up of the nun may have come from Rider Haggard's novel Montezuma's Daughter (1893) or Walter Scott's epic poem Marmion (1808).[8]

Hauntings

Alleged sighting in the grounds of the rectory

The first paranormal events reportedly occurred in about 1863, since a few locals later remembered having heard unexplained footsteps within the house at about that time. On 28 July 1900, four daughters of the rector, Henry Dawson Ellis Bull, saw what they thought was the ghost of a nun at twilight, about 40 yards (37 m) from the house; they tried to talk to it, but it disappeared as they got closer.[9] The local organist, Ernest Ambrose later said that the family at the rectory were "very convinced that they had seen an apparition on several occasions".[10] Various people claimed to have witnessed a variety of puzzling incidents, such as a phantom coach driven by two headless horsemen, during the next four decades. Henry Dawson Ellis Bull died in 1892 and his son, the Reverend Henry ("Harry") Foyster Bull, took over the living.[11]

On 9 June 1928, Henry ("Harry") Bull died and the rectory again became vacant.[12] In the following year, on 2 October,[13] the Reverend Guy Eric Smith and his wife moved into the house. Soon after moving in Mrs Smith, while cleaning out a cupboard, came across a brown paper package containing the skull of a young woman.[14] Shortly after, the family reported a variety of incidents including the sounds of servant bells ringing despite their being disconnected, lights appearing in windows and unexplained footsteps. In addition, Mrs Smith believed she saw a horse-drawn carriage at night. The Smiths contacted the Daily Mirror asking to be put in touch with the Society for Psychical Research (SPR). On 10 June 1929 the newspaper sent a reporter, who promptly wrote the first in a series of articles detailing the mysteries of Borley. The paper also arranged for Harry Price, a paranormal researcher, to make his first visit to the house that would ultimately make him famous. He arrived on 12 June[15] and immediately phenomena of a new kind appeared, such as the throwing of stones, a vase and other objects. "Spirit messages" were tapped out from the frame of a mirror. As soon as Harry Price left, these ceased. Mrs Smith later maintained that she already suspected Price, an expert conjurer, of falsifying the phenomena.[16]

The Smiths left Borley on 14 July 1929, and the parish had some difficulty in finding a replacement. The following year the Reverend Lionel Algernon Foyster (1878–1945), a first cousin of the Bulls, and his wife Marianne (née Marianne Emily Rebecca Shaw) (1899–1992) moved into the rectory[13] with their adopted daughter Adelaide, on 16 October 1930.[17] Lionel Foyster wrote an account of various strange incidents that occurred between the time the Foysters moved in and October 1935, which was sent to Harry Price. These included bell-ringing, windows shattering, throwing of stones and bottles, wall-writing, and the locking of their daughter in a room with no key. Marianne Foyster reported to her husband a whole range of poltergeist phenomena that included her being thrown from her bed.[18] On one occasion, Adelaide was attacked by "something horrible".[19] Foyster tried twice to conduct an exorcism, but his efforts were fruitless; in the middle of the first exorcism, he was struck in the shoulder by a fist-size stone. Because of the publicity in the Daily Mirror, these incidents attracted the attention of several psychic researchers, who after investigation were unanimous in suspecting that they were caused, consciously or unconsciously, by Marianne Foyster. Mrs Foyster later stated that she felt that some of the incidents were caused by her husband in concert with one of the psychic researchers, but other events appeared to her to be genuine paranormal phenomena. Marianne later admitted that she was having a sexual relationship with the lodger, Frank Pearless,[20][lower-alpha 1] and that she used paranormal explanations to cover up her liaisons.[21] The Foysters left Borley in October 1935 as a result of Lionel's ill health.[17]

Price investigation

Borley remained vacant for some time after the Foysters' departure, until in May 1937 Price took out a year-long rental agreement with Queen Anne's Bounty, the owners of the property.[22][23]

Through an advertisement in The Times on 25 May 1937[24] and subsequent personal interviews, Price recruited a corps of 48 "official observers", mostly students, who spent periods, mainly during weekends, at the rectory with instructions to report any phenomena that occurred. In March 1938 Helen Glanville (the daughter of S. J. Glanville, one of Price's helpers) conducted a planchette séance in Streatham in south London.[25] Price reported that she made contact with two spirits, the first of which was that of a young nun who identified herself as Marie Lairre.[25] According to the planchette story Marie was a French nun who left her religious order and travelled to England to marry a member of the Waldegrave family, the owners of Borley's 17th-century manor house, Borley Hall. She was said to have been murdered in an earlier building on the site of the rectory, and her body either buried in the cellar or thrown into a disused well.[26] The wall writings were alleged to be her pleas for help; one read "Marianne, please help me get out".[27]

The second spirit to be contacted identified himself as Sunex Amures,[28] and claimed that he would set fire to the rectory at nine o'clock that night, 27 March 1938.[29] He also said that, at that time, the bones of a murdered person would be revealed.[30]

Fire

Rectory after the fire

On 27 February 1939 the new owner of the rectory, Captain W. H. Gregson, was unpacking boxes and accidentally knocked over an oil lamp in the hallway.[31][lower-alpha 2] The fire quickly spread and the house was severely damaged. After investigating the cause of the blaze the insurance company concluded that the fire had been started deliberately.[32]

Miss Williams from nearby Borley Lodge said she saw the figure of the ghostly nun in the upstairs window and, according to Harry Price, demanded a fee of one guinea for her story.[33] In August 1943 Harry Price conducted a brief dig in the cellars of the ruined house and discovered two bones thought to be of a young woman.[34] The bones were given a Christian burial in Liston churchyard, after the parish of Borley refused to allow the ceremony to take place on account of the local opinion that the bones found were those of a pig.[35]

Society for Psychical Research investigation

After Price's death in 1948 Eric Dingwall, Kathleen M. Goldney, and Trevor H. Hall, three members of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), two of whom had been Price's most loyal associates, investigated his claims about Borley. Their findings were published in a 1956 book, The Haunting of Borley Rectory, which concluded Price had fraudulently produced some of the phenomena.[36]

The "Borley Report", as the SPR study has become known, stated that many of the phenomena were either faked or due to natural causes such as rats and the strange acoustics attributed to the odd shape of the house. In their conclusion, Dingwall, Goldney, and Hall wrote "when analysed, the evidence for haunting and poltergeist activity for each and every period appears to diminish in force and finally to vanish away."[36] Terence Hines wrote "Mrs. Marianne Foyster, wife of the Rev. Lionel Foyster who lived at the rectory from 1930 to 1935, was actively engaged in fraudulently creating [haunted] phenomena. Price himself 'salted the mine' and faked several phenomena while he was at the rectory."[37]

Marianne later in her life admitted she had seen no apparitions and that the alleged ghostly noises were caused by the wind, friends she invited to the house and in other cases by herself playing practical jokes on her husband.[38] Many of the legends about the rectory had been invented. The children of Rev. Harry Bull who lived in the house before Lionel Foyster claimed to have seen nothing and were surprised they had been living in what was described as England's most haunted house.[38]

Robert Hastings was one of the few SPR researchers to defend Price.[39] Price's literary executor Paul Tabori and Peter Underwood have also defended Price against accusations of fraud. A similar approach was made by Ivan Banks in 1996.[40][41] Michael Coleman in an SPR report in 1997 wrote Price's defenders are unable to rebut the criticisms convincingly.[42]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Pearless styled himself François D'Arles, and in his diaries Foyster refers to him as Frank Lawless.[20]
  2. ↑ The house was never connected to a gas or electricity supply, and water was obtained from a well in the courtyard.[6]

Citations

  1. ↑ Floyd (2002), p. 36.
  2. ↑ "The Haunted Rectory ...". The Bones of Borley. Foxearth and District Local History Society. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  3. ↑ Bury and Norwich Post, August 1862
  4. ↑ Suffolk Free Press, February 20, 1862
  5. ↑ Downes (2012), Background to Borley Rectory.
  6. 1 2 Glanville, Sidney H. (October 1951). "The Strange Happenings at Borley Rectory – Full Account of England's Most Famous Modern Ghost". Fate 4 (7): 89–107.
  7. ↑ Pevsner (1973), p. 95
  8. ↑ Clarke, Andrew (2000). "Bullsheet. The Bulls at Borley Rectory". The Bones of Borley. Foxearth and District Local History Society. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  9. ↑ Price (2006), pp. 28–30.
  10. ↑ Ambrose, Ernest (1972). "Organs and Organists". Melford Memories.
  11. ↑ Price (2006), p. 16.
  12. ↑ Price (2006), pp. 16–17.
  13. 1 2 Price (2006), p. 17.
  14. ↑ Price (2006), p. 20.
  15. ↑ Price (2006), p. 19.
  16. ↑ Dingwall, Goldney & Hall (1956), p. 44.
  17. 1 2 Dingwall, Goldney & Hall (1956), p. 75.
  18. ↑ Price (2006), p. 36.
  19. ↑ O'Neal (1994), p. 80.
  20. 1 2 Clarke, Andrew (2003). "Lawless, the Lodger". The Bones of Borley. Foxearth and District Local History Society. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  21. ↑ Wood (1992).
  22. ↑ Price (2006).
  23. ↑ Nicholas, Margaret (1986). World's Greatest Psychics & Mystics. Octopus. ISBN 978-0-600-58612-8.
  24. ↑ Price (2006), p. 38.
  25. 1 2 Price (2006), pp. 276–80.
  26. ↑ Fanthorpe & Fanthorpe (1997), p. 52.
  27. ↑ Floyd (2002), p. 37.
  28. ↑ Price (2006), pp. 279–80.
  29. ↑ Karl (2007), p. 33.
  30. ↑ Wood (1992), p. 50.
  31. ↑ Price (2006), p. 13.
  32. ↑ Wood (1992), pp. 3–4.
  33. ↑ Dingwall, Goldney & Hall (1956), p. 147.
  34. ↑ Dingwall, Goldney & Hall (1956), p. 154.
  35. ↑ Fielding & O'Keeffe (2011), chapter 4.
  36. 1 2 Dingwall, E. J.; Goldney, K. M.; Hall, T. H. (1956). The Haunting of Borley Rectory. Duckworth.
  37. ↑ Hines, Terence. (2003). Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. pp. 94-95. ISBN 978-1573929790
  38. 1 2 Hoggart, Simon., Hutchinson, Mike. (1995). Bizarre Beliefs. Richard Cohen Books. p. 186. ISBN 978-1573921565
  39. ↑ Hastings, Robert. (1969). An Examination of the Borley Report. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 55: 66-175.
  40. ↑ Tabori, Paul., Underwood, Peter. (1973). Ghosts of Borley: Annals of the Haunted Rectory. David & Charles. ISBN 978-0715361184
  41. ↑ Banks, Ivan. (1996). The Enigma of Borley Rectory. Foulsham & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-0572021627
  42. ↑ Coleman, Michael. (1997). The Flying Bricks of Borley. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. Volume. 61, No. 847.

Bibliography

  • Dingwall, E. J.; Goldney, K. M.; Hall, T. H. (1956). The Haunting of Borley Rectory. Duckworth. 
  • Downes, Wesley (2012). "Background to Borley Rectory". The Ghosts of Borley. David & Charles. ISBN 978-1-4463-5788-0. 
  • Fanthorpe, Lionel; Fanthorpe, Patricia (1997). World's Greatest Unsolved Mysteries. Dundum. ISBN 978-0-88882-194-2. 
  • Fielding, Yvette; O'Keeffe, Ciaran (2011). Ghost Hunters: A Guide to Investigating the Paranormal. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-1-4447-4029-5. 
  • Floyd, E. Randall (2002). In the Realm of Ghosts and Hauntings. Harbor House. ISBN 978-1-891799-06-8. 
  • Karl, Jason (2007). Illustrated History of the Haunted World. New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-845376-87-1. 
  • O'Neal, Michael (1994). Haunted Houses: Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press. ISBN 978-1-565100-95-4. 
  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1973). London. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-1407-1011-3. 
  • Price, Harry (2006) [1946]. The End of Borley Rectory. G. G. Harrap & Co. ISBN 978-1-4067-2212-3. 
  • Wood, Robert (1992). The Widow of Borley. Duckworth. ISBN 978-0-7156-2419-7. 

Further reading

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