Bolton Hill, Baltimore

Coordinates: 39°18.5′N 76°37.5′W / 39.3083°N 76.6250°W / 39.3083; -76.6250

Bolton Hill
Neighborhood

Country	United States
State	Maryland
City	Baltimore
District	Central
Settled	1850
Founded by	George Grundy
Named for	Bolton le Moors

Bolton Hill Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Location	Baltimore, Maryland
Architect	Multiple
Architectural style	Late Victorian, Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals
NRHP Reference #	71001031^[1]
Added to NRHP	September 17, 1971

Bolton Hill is a neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, with 20 blocks of mostly preserved buildings from the late 19th century. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places,^[2] preserved as a Baltimore City Historic District,^[3] and included within the boundaries of Baltimore National Heritage Area.^[4] The neighborhood is bounded by North Avenue, Mount Royal Avenue, Cathedral Street, Dolphin Street, and Eutaw Place.^[3] Bolton Hill is a largely residential neighborhood with three-story row houses with red brick, white marble steps, and high ceilings.^[2] There are also larger more ornate originally single-family houses, many houses of worship, parks, monuments, and a few large apartment buildings.^[3] Many significant residents have lived in the neighborhood, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, Woodrow Wilson, the Cone sisters, and Florence Rena Sabin.^[5]

Bolton Hill is within easy walking distance of the State Center station on the Baltimore Metro Subway and the University of Baltimore/Mt. Royal and Cultural Center stations on the Baltimore Light Rail.^[5]

Demographics

Francis Scott Key Monument

As of the 2010 Census, there were 4,974 people residing within the Bolton Hill neighborhood boundaries. The racial makeup of Bolton Hill, as found in the 2010 census, was 56.4% White, 31.8% African American, 7.3% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 1.1% Other Races, and 3.2% Two or more Races. 65.8% of housing units were renter-occupied, 24% were owner occupied, and 10.2% were vacant, as of 2010.^[6]

History

Eutaw Place Temple

Bolton Hill is named after the estate of George Grundy, who named his estate house after Bolton le Moors, which was located at the site of the current Fifth Regiment Armory. Around 1850, the area began to transition from large estate to traditional baltimore row houses, which were built along a diagonal street grid, unlike the traditional north-south grid of most Baltimore neighborhoods. This grid was constructed by Thomas Poppleton to follow now Pennsylvania Avenue and the Jones Falls. Early row houses featured plain brick facades with decorative cornices, door surrounds, and window lintels. Later row houses features more ornate designs. Construction of row houses continued until the end of the 19th century, but a few large apartments were constructed at the beginning of the 20th century.^[5]

Unlike other prominent neighborhoods in Baltimore at the end of the 19th century, which had restrictive covenants against African-Americans, Jews, and Asians,^[7] Bolton Hill was a relatively diverse neighborhood. Although socially segregated, many African-American servants for the mansions of wealthy Bolton Hill residents lived in the alley houses of Bolton Hill. At the end of the 19th century, Baltimore's German Jewish community moved to Bolton Hill. Jews had moved to the western edge of Bolton Hill, and many synagogues, such as Baltimore Hebrew, Chizuk Amuno, and Shearith Israel, moved to McCullough Street and Madison Avenue just west of Bolton Hill. Furthermore, two large temples were built within Bolton hill. Eutaw Place Temple was built by Temple Oheb Shalom on Eutaw Place in 1892, and the Har Sinai Congregation built a large temple on Bolton Street in 1894.^[5]

At the beginning of the 20th century, white residents of Bolton Hill began to fear the expanding African-American community to the west of the neighborhood, eventually leading to white flight. The Mount Royal Improvement Association in 1928 and pushed for covenants against African-American residency in the neighborhood. The associated boasted that Bolton hill was a "protected area" and claimed that "the greatest achievement of the Mount Royal Improvement Association has been the subjecting of the property in its area to a restriction for white occupancy only." By the mid-20th century, however, many Bolton Hill residents moved to the suburbs for modern homes with yards, and in the early 1960s most of the Jewish institutions had moved to the northwest suburbs.^[5]

In the early 1960s, federal urban renewal funds were used to demolish houses on the western edge of the neighborhood, which were considered "slums" and targeted for "stabilization." Several large new developments were built in their place. In 1967, Bolton Hill became a Baltimore City historic district, and in 1971 it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. As a result, the majority of the neighborhood was largely preserved.^[5]

Notable residents

James M. Cain (2418 Linden Ave.), Author of The Postman Always Rings Twice.^[8]

Claribel and Etta Cone (1711 Eutaw Pl.), art collectors, early patrons of Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and benefactors of Baltimore Museum of Art.^[8]

F. Scott Fitzgerald (1307 Park Ave.), American author who published Tender is the Night while living in Bolton Hill from 1933 to 1935. Zelda Fitzgerald received treatment at The Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital,^[9] and Fitzgerald is known to have entertained other famous literary icons, such as Gertrude Stein and John Dos Passos, in his Bolton Hill rowhouse.^[2]^[8]

Leon Fleisher (1723 Park Ave.), pianist and conductor.^[8]

Daniel Coit Gilman (1300 Eutaw Pl.), first president of Johns Hopkins University and first director of Johns Hopkins Hospital.^[8]

Harry Gilmor (150 W. Lanvale St.), Confederate cavalry officer.^[8]

Edith Hamilton (1312 Park Ave.), Classicist author, first Headmistress of the Bryn Mawr School.^[8]

Alice Hamilton (1312 Park Ave.), Harvard's first female professor and leading expert in the field of occupational health.^[8]

Charles Marshall (1214 Eutaw Pl.), Chief of Staff to General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox.^[9]

Garry Moore (1335 Bolton Street), longtime television host.

Florence Rena Sabin (1431 and 1325 Park Ave.), first woman to hold a full professorship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and the first woman to head a department at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.^[8]

Woodrow Wilson (1210 Eutaw Pl.), President of Princeton University, Governor of New Jersey, and President of the United States. Wilson lived in Bolton Hill during his doctoral studies at Johns Hopkins.^[8]

E. Paul Mason, Jr. (239 W. Lafayette Av.) Chief Judge of Peoples Court of Baltimore City, and son of E. Paul Mason, MSA SC 3520-14352, Maryland Supreme Bench Judge for 16 years, known as "Maximum Mason".^[8]

References

↑ Staff (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
1 2 3 "Bolton Hill Historic District". National Park Service. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
1 2 3 "Bolton Hill". Baltimore City. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
↑ "Baltimore National Heritage Area Map" (PDF). City of Baltimore. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Shoken, Fred. "Bolton Hill History". Bolton Hill Online. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
↑ 2010 Census Interactive Population Map. "2010 US Census". Retrieved April 28, 2013.
↑ Power, Garrett (1996). "The Residential Segregation of Baltimore's Jews: Restrictive Covenant or Gentleman's Agreement?". Generations (5): 5–7. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Tentative Directory of Distinguished People with Significant Bolton Hill/Mt. Royal Connection in the Past". Bolton Hill Online. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
1 2 Gunts, Edward (17 December 2001). "Who was who in Bolton Hill?". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 18 September 2014.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bolton Hill.

Neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland

Northwest	Arlington Ashburton Cheswolde Dorchester Fallstaff Forest Park Glen Howard Park Heights Pimlico Reisterstown Station Television Hill

North	Abell Barclay Bellona-Gittings Better Waverly Cameron Charles Village Cedarcroft Chinquapin Park-Belvedere Cylburn Edgecomb Evergreen Govans Guilford Hampden Harwood Homeland Homewood Keswick Koreatown Lake Evesham Lake Walker Loyola-Notre Dame Little Korea Town Medfield Mount Washington Oakenshawe Pen Lucy Poplar Hill Radnor-Winston Remington Roland Park Sabina Mattefeldt Tuscany-Canterbury Village of Cross Keys Waverly Woodberry Wyman Park Wyndhurst

Northeast	Belair-Edison Cedonia Coldstream-Homestead-Montebello Ednor Gardens-Lakeside Frankford Gardenville Hamilton Hillen Lauraville Loch Raven Mayfield Mid-Govans Northwood Ramblewood Stonewood-Pentwood-Winston Wilson Park Woodbourne Heights

West	Bridgeview/Greenlawn Coppin Heights Edmondson Franklin Square Harlem Park Lexington Midtown-Edmondson Mondawmin Mosher Poppleton Rosemont Sandtown - Winchester Upton Walbrook Windsor Hills

Central	Barre Circle Bolton Hill Charles Center Chinatown Downtown Inner Harbor Madison Park Mount Vernon Otterbein Reservoir Hill Ridgely's Delight Seton Hill Station North Westside

East	Barclay Berea Broadway East Coldstream-Homestead-Montebello East Baltimore Midway Ellwood Park Four By Four Greenmount West Latrobe Homes Madison-Eastend McElderry Park Middle East Old Town Oliver Orangeville

Southwest	Beechfield Carrollton Ridge Dickeyville Franklintown Gwynn's Falls Hollins Market Irvington Morrell Park Pigtown Sowebo Ten Hills Union Square Violetville Wakefield Washington Village Yale Heights

South	Brooklyn Cherry Hill Curtis Bay Fairfield Federal Hill Harborview Lakeland Locust Point Mount Winans Pratt Monroe South Baltimore Wagner's Point Westport

Southeast	Bayview Brewer's Hill Butchers Hill Canton Fell's Point Graceland Park Greektown Harbor East Highlandtown Jonestown Joseph Lee Kresson Linwood Little Italy Patterson Park St Helena Upper Fells Point Washington Hill

Public housing	Allendale Armistead Gardens Bel Park Towers Claremont Douglass Homes Ellerslie Homes Flaghouse Homes Govans Manor Homes Heritage Crossing Johnston Square Lafayette Court Latrobe Homes Mason Homes Lakeview Towers McCulloh Homes O'Donnell Heights Perkins Homes Pleasent View Gardens Poe Homes Primrose Place Somerset Courts

Parks	Clifton Park Cylburn Arboretum Druid Hill Park Gwynns Falls Park Leakin Park Patterson Park Sherwood Gardens Wyman Park

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Topics	Architectural style categories Contributing property Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places Keeper of the Register National Park Service Property types

Lists by states	Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Lists by insular areas	American Samoa Guam Minor Outlying Islands Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Lists by associated states	Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Palau

Other areas	District of Columbia Morocco

Category Portal WikiProject

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Tuesday, December 22, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.