Boleite
| Boleite | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Category | Halide mineral |
| Formula (repeating unit) | KPb26Ag9Cu24(OH)48Cl62 |
| Strunz classification | 03.DB.15 |
| Crystal symmetry | Cubic (4/m 3 2/m) hexoctahedral |
| Unit cell | a = 15.29 Å; Z = 1 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Deep prussian blue to indigo |
| Crystal habit | Cubic crystals |
| Crystal system | Isometric |
| Cleavage | [001] perfect |
| Fracture | Uneven |
| Mohs scale hardness | 3.0 – 3.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous to pearly |
| Streak | Greenish blue |
| Diaphaneity | Translucent |
| Specific gravity | 5.054 |
| Optical properties | Isotropic |
| Refractive index | n = 2.05 |
| References | [1][2][3] |
Boleite is a complex halide mineral with formula: KPb26Ag9Cu24(OH)48Cl62.[2] It was first described in 1891 as an oxychloride mineral. It is an isometric mineral which forms in deep blue cubes. There are numerous minerals related to boleite, such as pseudoboleite, cumengite, and diaboleite, and these all have the same complex crystal structure (Martens 2003). They all contain bright blue cubic forms and are formed in altered zones of lead and copper deposits, produced during the reaction of chloride bearing solutions with primary sulfide minerals (Rouse, 1973).
Physical properties
The external property of a boleite crystal structure indicates its cubic structure. It is classified under the isometric crystal class. Boleite has a perfect cleavage in the [001] direction, and has a very dark glossy blue color with a light greenish-blue color streak. Twinning is best shown in this mineral by notches along the interpenetrated angles, which results in a crystal habit of pseudocubic penetration twinning along three different angles perpendicular to one another. Boleite has cubes over half an inch on each side, which consist of pseudo-octahedral tetragonal dipyramids (Weber 1974).
Geologic occurrence
Boleite was first collected as a very minor ore of silver, copper and lead at Boleo, Mexico (Rouse, 1973). Boleite was named after its place of discovery, El Boleo mine, on the Baja Peninsula, near Santa Rosalia, Mexico.
Minerals associated with boleite include pseudoboleite, cumengeite, atacamite, anglesite, cerussite, phosgenite and gypsum at the type locality in Boleo, Mexico. In the Mammoth-St. Anthony mine of Arizona associated minerals include pseudoboleite, anglesite, cerussite, atacamite, paratacamite, leadhillite, paralaurionite, caledonite, phosgenite, matlockite and bideauxite.[1]
References
External links
- Gossner, Bernard (December 1928). "The Crystal form of Boleite" (PDF). The American Mineralogist 13: 580–582.
- Cooper, Mark A.; Hawthorne, Frank C. (August 2000). "Boleite: Resolution of the Formula, KPb26Ag9Cu24Cl62(OH)48". The Canadian Mineralogist 38 (4): 801–808. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.4.801.
- Martens, W., Williams, P.A., Frost, R.L. (2003) “Raman spectroscopy of the minerals boleite, cumengite, diaboleite and phosgenite – implications for the analysis of cosmetics of a antiquity”. Mineralogical Magazine. V.67: 103-111 1
- Parker, Robert L. (1981). Rocks and Mineral Deposits. W.H. Freeman and Company. San Francisco. 343-422.
- Pirsson, Louis V. (1964). Rocks and Rock Minerals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, London. 34-56
- Rouse, Roland C. (1973/01). “The Crystal Structure of boleite – A Mineral Containing Silver Atom Clusters”. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 6(1): 86-92 2
- Weber, Julius (1974). The Formation of Minerals. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. New York, London. 78-80
- Williams, Peter A., Thomas, John H., Humphries, Alun, Samad, Abdul F. (1981). “Chemical Studies on the Stabilities of Boleite and Pseudoboleite”. Mineralogical Magazine v.44: 101-104 3
- link to cryptohalite