Billie Jean King

Billie Jean King

Billie Jean King in 2011
Country (sports)	United States
Residence	USA
Born	(1943-11-22) November 22, 1943 Long Beach, California, USA
Height	1.64 m (5 ft 5 in)
Turned pro	1959
Retired	1983
Plays	Right-handed (one handed-backhand)
College	California State University, Los Angeles
Prize money	US$ 1,966,487[1]
Int. Tennis HoF	1987 (member page)
Singles
Career record	695–155 (81.76%)
Career titles	129 (67 during open era)
Highest ranking	No. 1 (1966)
Grand Slam Singles results
Australian Open	W (1968)
French Open	W (1972)
Wimbledon	W (1966, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1973, 1975)
US Open	W (1967, 1971, 1972, 1974)
Doubles
Career record	87–37 (as shown on WTA website)[1]
Highest ranking	No. 1 (1967)
Grand Slam Doubles results
Australian Open	F (1965, 1969)
French Open	W (1972)
Wimbledon	W (1961, 1962, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1979)
US Open	W (1964, 1967, 1974, 1978, 1980)
Mixed doubles
Career titles	11
Grand Slam Mixed Doubles results
Australian Open	W (1968)
French Open	W (1967, 1970)
Wimbledon	W (1967, 1971, 1973, 1974)
US Open	W (1967, 1971, 1973, 1976)
Team competitions
Fed Cup	W (1963, 1966, 1967, 1976) (as player and captain) W (1977, 1978, 1979, 1996) (as captain)

Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) is an American former World No. 1 professional tennis player. King won 39 Grand Slam titles, including 12 singles, 16 women's doubles, and 11 mixed doubles titles. King won the singles title at the inaugural WTA Tour Championships. King often represented the United States in the Federation Cup and the Wightman Cup. She was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups. For three years, King was the United States' captain in the Federation Cup.

King is an advocate for sexual equality. In 1973, at age 29, she won the so-called Battle of the Sexes tennis match against the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs, and was the founder of the Women's Tennis Association, World TeamTennis (with former husband Larry King), and the Women's Sports Foundation.

King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987. The Fed Cup Award of Excellence was bestowed on King in 2010. In 1972, King was the joint winner, with John Wooden, of the Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year award and was one of the Time Persons of the Year in 1975. King has also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Sunday Times Sportswoman of the Year lifetime achievement award. King was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1990, and in 2006, the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City was renamed the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center.

Early life

King was born in Long Beach, California, into a conservative Methodist family, the daughter of Betty (née Jerman), a housewife, and Bill Moffitt, a firefighter.^[2][3][4] Her younger brother, Randy Moffitt, would become a Major League Baseball pitcher. Billie Jean attended Long Beach Polytechnic High School.^[5] After graduating, she attended California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA). She learned her tennis on the free public courts in Long Beach. (One of the city's recreation facilities has subsequently been named the Billie Jean King Tennis Center.) Bob Martin of the Long Beach Press Telegram wrote about Billie Jean's success in a weekly tennis column.

Career

King's triumph at the French Open in 1972 made her only the fifth woman in tennis history to win the singles titles at all four Grand Slam events, a "career Grand Slam". (Five additional women have completed a career Grand Slam since King.) King also won a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. In women's doubles, only the Australian Open eluded her.

King won a record 20 career titles at Wimbledon – six singles, ten women's doubles, and four mixed doubles. (Martina Navratilova also has 20 career titles at Wimbledon.)

King played 51 Grand Slam singles events from 1959 through 1983, reaching at least the semifinals in 27 and at least the quarterfinals in 40 of her attempts. King was the runner-up in six Grand Slam singles events. An indicator of King's mental toughness at crunch time in Grand Slam singles tournaments was her 11–2 career record in deuce third sets, i.e., third sets that were tied 5–5 before being resolved.

King won 129 singles titles, and her career prize money totaled US$1,966,487.^[6]

In Federation Cup finals, King was on the winning United States team seven times, in 1963, 1966, 1967, and 1976 through 1979. Her career win–loss record was 52–4 (26–3 in singles and 26–1 in doubles). She won the last 30 matches she played (excluding two unfinished matches), including 15 straight wins in both singles and doubles.^[7] In Wightman Cup competition, King's career win–loss record was 22–4 (14–2 in singles and 8–2 in wolmen's doubles), winning her last nine matches (six in singles and three in doubles). The United States won the cup ten of the 11 years that King participated. In singles, King was 6–1 against Ann Haydon-Jones, 4–0 against Virginia Wade, and 1–1 against Christine Truman Janes.^[8]

The early years: 1959 through 1965

1959

In 1959, the 15-year-old King had her Grand Slam debut at the U.S. Championships, losing to Justina Bricka in the first round 4–6, 7–5, 6–4 after having had a match point. In July and August, King played four of the tournaments that comprised the "Eastern Grass Court Circuit". At the Middle States Grass Court Championships in Philadelphia, King lost to Nancy Richey Gunter in the quarterfinals. At the Pennsylvania Lawn Tennis Championships, King lost to Karen Hantze Susman in the quarterfinals. At the Philadelphia and District Women's Grass Court Championships, King defaulted her quarterfinal match with Kathy Chabot while trailing 6–1, 1–2. At the Eastern Grass Court Championships, King lost to Maria Bueno in the third round 6–4, 6–4. In her final adult tournament of the year, King lost (7–5 in the third set) to Ann Haydon-Jones in the third round of the Pacific Southwest Championships.

Alice Marble, winner of 18 Grand Slam titles from 1936 through 1940, began coaching King on weekends during 1959, saying, "Clyde Walker has given Billie all the tools she needs to be a winner. Now all she needs is confidence and time."^[9] King says that Maureen Connolly (an American tennis player, and the first woman to win all four Grand Slam tournaments in the same calendar year, 1953) almost permanently destroyed Billie Jean's confidence when she told her, "I just want to let you know: You'll never make it. So don't bother."^[10]

1960

King won her first adult tournament title at the Philadelphia and District Women's Grass Court Championships, defeating Karen Hantze Susman in the quarterfinals. At the U.S. Championships, King was defeated in the third round by seventh-seeded Bernice Carr Vukovich of South Africa 7–5, 6–4.

King lost four significant matches to veteran players. In May, she lost in the quarterfinals of the Southern California Championships 6–4, 2–6, 6–4 to 43-year-old Dorothy "Dodo" Cheney, who was the first American to win the singles title at the Australian Championships in 1938. Two months later, King lost in the second round of the U.S. Women's Clay Court Championships 1–6, 6–0, 6–3 to 35-year-old but second-seeded Dorothy Head Knode, who went on to win the title for the fourth and final time. The next week, King was defeated in the semifinals of the Pennsylvania Lawn Tennis Championships 6–4, 2–6, 6–2 by 42-year-old Margaret Osborne duPont, a six-time Grand Slam single champion. In her last tournament of the year, King, the top seed, lost in the quarterfinals of the U.S. Hard Court Championships to Cheney 6–3, 4–6, 6–3.

1961

King first gained international recognition at age 17 when the Long Beach Tennis Patrons, Century Club, and Harold Guiver raised $2,000 to send her to Wimbledon.^[11] There, she won the women's doubles title in her first attempt while partnering Karen Hantze Susman.^[2] Although unseeded, King and Susman defeated the top seeded team of Renée Schuurman Haygarth and Sandra Reynolds Price in the quarterfinals and the third seeded team of Margaret Court and Jan Lehane O'Neill in the final. In second round singles play at Wimbledon, fifth-seeded Yola Ramírez Ochoa defeated King in a two-day match on Centre Court^[12] 11–9, 1–6, 6–2 after King had received a first round bye.

Earlier in the year, King lost to Susman in the final of the Southern California Championships but successfully defended her title in Philadelphia and won the Pennsylvania Lawn Tennis Championships for the first time. Christine Truman Janes, the fourth seed, defeated the unseeded King in the second round of the U.S. Championships 6–3, 3–6, 6–2. At the Pacific Southwest Championships, King lost in the third round to Dorothy "Dodo" Cheney (then 45 years old) 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 for the third consecutive time. Playing in the Wightman Cup for the first time, King defeated Ann Haydon-Jones but lost to Janes.

1962

In 1962, King lost to Dorothy "Dodo" Cheney (then 46 years old) for the fourth time in four career matches, this time in the semifinals of the Ojai Valley Tennis Tournament. The following week, Karen Hantze Susman defeated King in the final of the Southern California Championships for the second consecutive year. In only her second career singles match at Wimbledon, King upset Margaret Court, the World No. 1 and top seed, in a second round match by attacking Court's forehand^[13] after Court had led in the third set 3–0, 5–2, and served at 5–3 (30–15).^[14] This was the first time in Wimbledon history that the women's top seed had lost her first match.^[15] King eventually reached the quarterfinals, losing to fifth-seeded Ann Haydon-Jones 6–3, 6–1, who wrote a book "A Game of Love" (1971). One month later, Court defeated King in the semifinals of both the Pennsylvania Lawn Tennis Championships (6–4, 6–3) and the Eastern Grass Court Championships (6–3, 6–4). At the Wightman Cup, King and Susman lost their only match of the tie to the team of Jones and Christine Truman Janes. At the U.S. Championships, King got injured and retired from her first round match with Victoria Palmer while leading 8–6, 0–5. King ended her year by losing to Renée Schuurman Haygarth in the quarterfinals of the Pacific Southwest Championships.

1963

In 1963, King won the Southern California Championships for the first time, defeating Darlene Hard in the final. At Wimbledon, the unseeded King defeated seventh-seeded Maria Bueno in the quarterfinals 6–2, 7–5 and third-seeded Ann Haydon-Jones in the semifinals 6–4, 6–4 before losing the final to top-seeded Margaret Court. The following week, King won her first international title at the Irish Championships. In Wightman Cup competition, King defeated Christine Truman Janes 6–4, 19–17 and Jones. King was seeded third at the U.S. Championships but lost her fourth round match with unseeded Dierdre Catt Keller McMahon. At the year ending Pacific Southwest Championships, King defeated Jones and Bueno before losing to Hard in the final.

1964

In 1964, King won four relatively minor titles but lost to Margaret Court in the Wimbledon semifinals 6–3, 6–4. King defeated Ann Haydon-Jones at both the Wightman Cup and Fed Cup but lost to Court in the final of the Federation Cup 6–2, 6–3. At the U.S. Championships, fifth-seeded Nancy Richey Gunter upset third-seeded King in the quarterfinals 6–4, 6–4. Late in the year, King decided to make a full-time commitment to tennis. She said,

While a history major at Los Angeles State College King made the decision to play full-time when businessman Robert Mitchell, offered to pay her way to Australia so that she could train under the great Australian coach Mervyn Rose.^[16] While in Australia, King played three tournaments that year and lost in the quarterfinals of the Queensland Grass Court Championships, the final of the New South Wales Championships (to Court), and the third round of the Victorian Championships.

1965

In early 1965, King continued her 3-month tour of Australia. She lost in the final of the South Australian Championships and the first round of the Western Australia Championships. At the Fed Cup in Melbourne, King defeated Ann Haydon-Jones to help the United States defeat the United Kingdom in the second round. However, Margaret Court again defeated King in the final. At the Australian Championships two weeks later, King lost to Court in the semifinals 6–1, 8–6. At Wimbledon, King again lost in the semifinals, this time to Maria Bueno 6–4, 5–7, 6–3. King's last tournament of the year was the U.S. Championships, where she defeated Jones in the quarterfinals (16–14, 6–2) and Bueno in the semifinals. In the final, King led 5–3 in both sets, was two points from winning the first set, and had two set points in the second set^[17] before losing to Court 8–6, 7–5. King said that losing while being so close to winning was devastating, but the match proved to her that she was "good enough to be the best in the world. I'm going to win Wimbledon next year."^[18] King won six tournaments during the year. For the first time in 81 years, the annual convention of the United States Lawn Tennis Association overruled its ranking committee's recommendation to award King the sole U.S. No. 1 position and voted 59,810 to 40,966 to rank Nancy Richey Gunter and King as co-U.S. No. 1.^[19]

Prime competitive years: 1966 through 1975

Overview of these years

From 1966 through 1975, King won 32 of her career 39 Grand Slam titles, including all 12 of her Grand Slam singles titles, nine of her 16 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and 10 of her 11 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles.

Six of King's Grand Slam singles titles were at Wimbledon, four were at the U.S. Championships/Open, one was at the French Open, and one was at the Australian Championships. King reached the final of a Grand Slam singles tournament in 16 out of 25 attempts and had a 12–4 win–loss record in those finals. In the nine tournaments that she failed to reach the final, she was a losing semifinalist twice and a losing quarter finalist five times. From 1971 through 1975, King won seven of the ten Grand Slam singles tournaments she played. She won the last seven Grand Slam singles finals she contested, six of them in straight sets and four of them against Evonne Goolagong. All but one of King's Grand Slam singles titles were on grass.

King's Grand Slam record from 1966 through 1975 was comparable to that of Margaret Court, her primary rival during these years. One or both of these women played 35 of the 40 Grand Slam singles tournaments held during this period, and together they won 24 of them. During this period, Court won 31 of her career 64 Grand Slam titles, including 12 of her 24 Grand Slam singles titles, 11 of her 19 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and eight of her 21 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. Court reached the final of a Grand Slam singles tournament in 14 out of 25 attempts and had a 12–2 win–loss record in those finals. Court won seven of the 12 Grand Slam finals she played against King during these years, including 2–1 in singles finals, 4–1 in women's doubles finals, and 1–3 in mixed doubles finals.

King was the year-ending World No. 1 in six of the ten years from 1966 through 1975. She was the year-ending World No. 2 in three of those years and the World No. 3 in the other year.

King won 97 of her career 129 singles titles during this period and was the runner-up in 36 other tournaments.

1966

In 1966, King defeated Dorothy "Dodo" Cheney (then 49 years old) for the first time in five career matches, winning their semifinal at the Southern California Championships 6–0, 6–3. King also ended her nine match losing streak to Margaret Court by defeating her in the final of the South African Tennis Championships. At the Wightman Cup just before Wimbledon, King defeated Virginia Wade and Ann Haydon-Jones. After thirteen unsuccessful attempts to win a Grand Slam singles title from 1959 through 1965, King at the age of 22 finally won the first of her six singles titles at Wimbledon and the first of twelve Grand Slam singles titles overall, defeating Court in the semifinals 6–3, 6–3 and Maria Bueno in the final. King credited her semifinal victory to her forehand down the line, a new shot in her repertoire.^[18] She also said that the strategy for playing Court is, "Simple. Just chip the ball back at her feet."^[20] At the U.S. Championships, an ill King was upset by Kerry Melville Reid in the second round.^[21]

1967

King successfully defended her title at the South African Tennis Championships in 1967, defeating Maria Bueno in the final. She played the French Championships for the first time in her career,^[22] falling in the quarterfinals to Annette Van Zyl DuPlooy of South Africa. At the Federation Cup one week later in West Germany on clay, King won all four of her matches, including victories over DuPlooy, Ann Haydon-Jones, and Helga Niessen Masthoff. King then successfully switched surfaces and won her second consecutive Wimbledon singles title, defeating Virginia Wade in the quarterfinals 7–5, 6–2 and Jones. At the Wightman Cup, King again defeated Wade and Jones. King won her second Grand Slam singles title of the year when she won the U.S. Championships for the first time and without losing a set, defeating Wade, DuPlooy, Françoise Dürr, and Jones in consecutive matches. Jones pulled her left hamstring muscle early in the final and saved four match points in the second set before King prevailed.^[23] King won the singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles titles at both Wimbledon and the U.S. Championships, the first woman to do that since Alice Marble in 1939.^[24] King then returned to the Australian summer tour in December for the first time since 1965, playing seven events there and Judy Tegart Dalton in six of those events (winning four of their matches). King lost in the quarterfinals of the New South Wales Championships in Sydney to Dalton after King injured her left knee in the second game of the third set of that match.^[25] However, King won the Victorian Championships in Melbourne the following week, defeating Dalton, Reid, and Lesley Turner Bowrey in the last three rounds. At a team event in Adelaide, King won all three of her singles and doubles matches to help the U.S. defeat Australia 5–1. To finish the year, King lost to Dalton in the final of the South Australian Championships in Adelaide.

1968

In early 1968, King won three consecutive tournaments to end her Australian tour. In Perth, King won the Western Australia Championships, defeating Margaret Court in the final. In Hobart, King won the Tasmanian Championships by defeating Judy Tegart Dalton in the final. King then won the Australian Championships for the first time, defeating Dalton in the semifinals and Court in the final. King continued to win tournaments upon her return to the United States, winning three indoor tournaments before Nancy Richey Gunter defeated King in the semifinals of the Madison Square Garden Challenge Trophy amateur tournament in New York City before 10,233 spectators.^[26] The match started with Gunter taking a 4–2 lead in the first set, before King won 9 of the next 10 games. King served for the match at 5–1 and had a match point at 5–3 in the second set; however, she lost the final 12 games and the match 4–6, 7–5, 6–0.^[27] King then won three consecutive tournaments in Europe before losing to Ann Haydon-Jones in the final of a professional tournament at Madison Square Garden. Playing the French Open for only the second time in her career and attempting to win four consecutive Grand Slam singles titles (a "non-calendar year Grand Slam"), King defeated Maria Bueno in a quarterfinal before losing to Gunter in a semifinal 2–6, 6–3, 6–4. King rebounded to win her third consecutive Wimbledon singles title, defeating Jones in the semifinals and Dalton in the final. At the US Open, King defeated Bueno in a semifinal before being upset in the final by Virginia Wade. On September 24, she had surgery to repair cartilage in her left knee^[28] and did not play in tournaments the remainder of the year. King said that it took eight months (May 1969) for her knee to recover completely from the surgery.^[29] In 1977, King said that her doctors predicted in 1968 that her left knee would allow her to play competitive tennis for only two more years.^[30]

1969

King participated in the 1969 Australian summer tour for the second consecutive year. Unlike the previous year, King did not win a tournament. She lost in the quarterfinals of the Tasmanian Championships and the semifinals of the New South Wales Championships. At the Australian Open, King defeated 17-year-old Evonne Goolagong in the second round 6–3, 6–1 and Ann Haydon-Jones in a three-set semifinal before losing to Margaret Court in a straight-sets final. The following week, King lost in the semifinals of the New Zealand Championships. Upon her return to the United States, King won the Pacific Coast Pro and the Los Angeles Pro. King then won two tournaments in South Africa, including the South African Open. During the European summer clay court season, King lost in the quarterfinals of both the Italian Open and the French Open. On grass at the Wills Open in Bristol, United Kingdom, King defeated Virginia Wade in the semifinals (6–8, 11–9, 6–2) before losing to Court. At Wimbledon, King lost only 13 points while defeating Rosemary Casals in the semifinals 6–1, 6–0;^[31] however, Jones upset King in the final and prevented King from winning her fourth consecutive singles title there. The week after, King again defeated Wade to win the Irish Open for the second time in her career. In the final Grand Slam tournament of the year, King lost in the quarterfinals of the US Open to Nancy Richey Gunter 6–4, 8–6. This was the first year since 1965 that King did not win at least one Grand Slam singles title. King finished the year with titles at the Pacific Southwest Open in Los Angeles, the Stockholm Indoors, and the Midland (Texas) Pro. She said during the Pacific Southwest Open, "It has been a bad year for me. My left knee has been OK, but I have been bothered by a severe tennis elbow for seven months. I expect to have a real big year in 1970, though, because I really have the motivation now. I feel like a kid again."^[32]

1970

In 1970, Margaret Court won all four Grand Slam singles tournaments and was clearly the World No. 1. King lost to Court three times in the first four months of the year, in Philadelphia, Dallas, and Johannesburg (at the South African Open). Court, however, was not totally dominant during this period as King defeated her in Sydney and Durban, South Africa. Where Court dominated was at the Grand Slam tournaments. King did not play the Australian Open. King had leg cramps and lost to Helga Niessen Masthoff of West Germany in the quarter finals of the French Open 2–6, 8–6, 6–1.^[33] At Wimbledon, Court needed seven match points^[34] to defeat King in the final 14–12, 11–9 in one of the greatest women's finals in the history of the tournament.^[35] On July 22,^[36] King had right knee surgery, which forced her to miss the US Open. King returned to the tour in September, where she had a first round loss at the Virginia Slims Invitational in Houston and a semifinal loss at the Pacific Coast Championships in Berkeley, California. To close out the year, King in November won the Virginia Slims Invitational in Richmond, Virginia and the Embassy Indoor Tennis Championships in London. During the European clay court season, King warmed-up for the French Open by playing in Monte Carlo (losing in the semifinals), winning the Italian Open (saving three match points against Virginia Wade in the semifinals),^[37] playing in Bournemouth (losing to Wade in the quarterfinals), and playing in Berlin (losing to Masthoff in the semifinals). The Italian Open victory was the first important clay court title of King's career. Along the way, she defeated Masthoff in a three-set quarterfinal and Wade in a three-set semifinal, saving two match points at 4–5 in the second set. The twelfth game of that set (with King leading 6–5) had 21 deuces and lasted 22 minutes,^[38] with Wade saving seven set points and holding sixteen game points before King won. In Wightman Cup competition two weeks before Wimbledon but played at the All England Club, King defeated both Wade and Ann Haydon-Jones in straight sets.

1971

Although King won only one Grand Slam singles title in 1971, this was the best year of her career in terms of tournaments won (17). According to the International Tennis Hall of Fame, she played in 31 singles tournaments and compiled a 112–13 win–loss record.^[11]

She started the year by winning eight of the first thirteen tournaments she played, defeating Rosemary Casals in seven finals. King's five losses during this period were to Françoise Dürr (twice), Casals (once), Ann Haydon-Jones (once), and Chris Evert (in St. Petersburg). At the time, King said that retiring from the match with Evert after splitting the first two sets was necessary because of leg cramps. But in early 1972, King admitted that cramps associated with the abortion caused the retirement.^[39]

At the tournament in Hurlingham, United Kingdom in early May, King lost a second round match to an old rival, Christine Truman Janes (now 30 years old), 6–4, 6–2. But King recovered the next week to win the German Open in Hamburg on clay. Four weeks later at the Queen's Club tournament in London, King played Margaret Court for the first time in 1971, losing their final. At Wimbledon, King defeated Janes in the fourth round (6–2, 7–5) and Durr in the quarterfinals before losing unexpectedly to Evonne Goolagong in the semifinals 6–4, 6–4. Two weeks after Wimbledon, King won the grass court tournament in Hoylake, United Kingdom, beating Virginia Wade, Court, and Casals in the last three rounds. She then played two clay court tournaments in Europe, winning neither, before resuming play in the United States.

In August, King won the indoor Houston tournament and the U.S. Women's Clay Court Championships in Indianapolis. King then switched back to grass and won the US Open without losing a set, defeating Evert in the semifinals (6–3, 6–2) and Casals in the final. King then won the tournaments in Louisville, Phoenix, and London (Wembley Pro). King and Casals both defaulted at 6–6 in the final of the Pepsi Pacific Southwest Open in Los Angeles in September when their request to remove a lineswoman was denied, eventually resulting in the United States Lawn Tennis Association fining both players US$2,500.^[40] To end the year, King played two tournaments in New Zealand but did not win either. She lost in Christchurch to Durr and in Auckland to Kerry Melville Reid.

1972

King won three Grand Slam singles titles in 1972, electing not to play the Australian Open despite being nearby when she played in New Zealand in late 1971. King said, "I was twenty-eight years old, and I was at the height of my powers. I'm quite sure I could have won the Grand Slam [in] ... 1972, but the Australian was such a minor-league tournament at that time.... More important, I did not want to miss any Virginia Slims winter tournaments. I was playing enough as it was."^[41] Her dominance was aided by rival Margaret Court's absence from the tour due to childbirth (Court, like King had been pregnant in 1971 but chose not to abort her child) during most of the 1972 season.

At the beginning of the year, King failed to win eight of the first ten tournaments she played. She won the title in San Francisco in mid-January. But then King lost in Long Beach to Françoise Dürr (although King claimed in her 1982 autobiography that she intentionally lost the match because of an argument with her husband^[42]) and in Fort Lauderdale on clay to Chris Evert 6–1, 6–0. The inconsistent results continued through mid-April, in Oklahoma City (losing in the quarterfinals); Washington, D.C. (losing in the second round); and Dallas (losing to Nancy Richey Gunter after defeating Evert in the quarterfinals 6–7(4–5), 6–3, 7–5 and Evonne Goolagong in the semifinals 1–6, 6–4, 6–1).^[43] King won the title in Richmond; however, one week later, King lost in the semifinals of the tournament in San Juan. This was followed in successive weeks by a loss in the Jacksonville final to Marie Neumannova Pinterova and in a St. Petersburg semifinal to Evert (6–2, 6–3).

King did not lose again until mid-August, winning six consecutive tournaments. She won the tournaments in Tucson and Indianapolis. King then won the French Open without losing a set and completed a career Grand Slam. She defeated Virginia Wade in the quarterfinals, Helga Niessen Masthoff in the semifinals, and Goolagong in the final.^[44] On grass, King then won the Wimbledon warm-up tournaments in Nottingham and Bristol and won Wimbledon itself for the fourth time. She lost only one set during the tournament, to Wade in the quarterfinals. That was followed by straight set wins over Rosemary Casals and Goolagong. When the tour returned to the United States, King did not win any of the three tournaments she played before the US Open, including a straight sets loss to Margaret Court in Newport. At the US Open, however, King won the tournament without losing a set, including a quarterfinal win over Wade, a semifinal defeat of Court, and a final win over Kerry Melville Reid. King finished the year by winning the tournaments in Charlotte and Phoenix (defeating Court in the final of both), a runner-up finish in Oakland (losing to Court), and a semifinal finish in Boca Raton (losing to Evert).

1973

1973 was Margaret Court's turn to win three Grand Slam singles titles, failing to win only Wimbledon, and was the clear World No. 1 for the year; this was her first full season since winning the Grand Slam in 1970, as she had missed significant portions of 1971 and 1972 due to childbirth. As during the previous year, King started 1973 inconsistently. She missed the first three Virginia Slims tournaments in January because of a wrist injury.^[45] She then lost in the third round at the Virginia Slims of Miami tournament but won the Virginia Slims of Indianapolis tournament, defeating Court in the semifinals 6–7, 7–6, 6–3 and Rosemary Casals in the final. The semifinal victory ended Court's 12-tournament and 59-match winning streaks,^[46] with King saving at least three match points when down 5–4 (40–0) in the second set. Indianapolis was followed by five tournaments that King failed to win (Detroit, Boston, Chicago, Jacksonville, and the inaugural Family Circle Cup in Hilton Head, South Carolina). King lost to Court in two of those tournaments. After deciding not to defend her French Open singles title, King won four consecutive tournaments, including her fifth Wimbledon singles title when she defeated Kerry Melville Reid in the quarterfinals, Evonne Goolagong in the semifinals on her eighth match point,^[47] and Chris Evert in the final. King lost only nine points in the 6–0 bageling of Evert in the first set of their final.^[48] In none of the preceding tournaments, however, did King play Court. Their rivalry resumed in the final of the Virginia Slims of Nashville tournament, where Court won for the third time in four matches against King in 1973. (This was the last ever singles match between those players, with Court winning 21 and King 13 of their 34 matches.) Three weeks later at the US Open, King retired from her fourth-round match with Julie Heldman while ill^[49] and suffering from the oppressive heat and humidity. When Heldman complained to the match umpire that King was taking too long between games, King reportedly told Heldman, "If you want the match that badly, you can have it!"^[50] The Battle of the Sexes match against Bobby Riggs was held in the middle of the Virginia Slims of Houston tournament. King won her first and second round matches three days before playing Riggs, defeated Riggs, won her quarterfinal match the day after the Riggs match, and then lost the following day to Casals in the semifinals 7–6, 6–1. According to King, "I had nothing left to give."^[51] To end the year, King won tournaments in Phoenix, Hawaii, and Tokyo and was the runner-up in Baltimore.

Battle of the Sexes

In 1973, King defeated Bobby Riggs in an exhibition match, winning $100,000.

Riggs had been a top men's player in the 1930s and 1940s in both the amateur and professional ranks. He won the Wimbledon men's singles title in 1939, and was considered the World No. 1 male tennis player for 1941, 1946, and 1947. He then became a self-described tennis "hustler" who played in promotional challenge matches. In 1973, he took on the role of male chauvinist. Claiming that the women's game was so inferior to the men's game that even a 55-year-old like himself could beat the current top female players, he challenged and defeated Margaret Court 6–2, 6–1. King, who previously had rejected challenges from Riggs, then accepted a lucrative financial offer to play him for $100,000, winner-take-all.

Dubbed "the Battle of the Sexes", the Riggs-King match took place at the Houston Astrodome in Texas on September 20, 1973. The match garnered huge publicity. In front of 30,492 spectators and a worldwide television audience estimated at 50 million people in 37 countries, 29-year-old King beat the 55-year-old Riggs 6–4, 6–3, 6–3. The match is considered a very significant event in developing greater recognition and respect for women's tennis. King said, "I thought it would set us back 50 years if I didn't win that match. It would ruin the women's [tennis] tour and affect all women's self-esteem."^[52] "To beat a 55-year-old guy was no thrill for me. The thrill was exposing a lot of new people to tennis."^[53]

1974

King won five of the first seven tournaments she contested in 1974. She won the Virginia Slims of San Francisco, defeating Nancy Richey Gunter in the semifinals and Chris Evert in the final. The following week in Indian Wells, California, King again defeated Gunter in the semifinals but lost to Evert in the final. King then won tournaments in Fairfax, Virginia and Detroit before losing a semifinal match to Virginia Wade in Chicago. King won both tournaments she played in March, defeating Gunter in the Akron, Ohio final and Evert at the U.S. Indoor Championships final. Olga Morozova then upset King in her next two tournaments, at Philadelphia in the final and at Wimbledon in a quarterfinal 7–5, 6–2. Afterward, King did not play a tour match until the US Open, where she won her fourth singles title and third in the last four years. She defeated Rosemary Casals in a straight sets quarterfinal, avenged in the semifinals her previous year's loss to Julie Heldman, and narrowly defeated Evonne Goolagong in the final. King did not reach a tournament final during the remainder of the year, losing to Heldman in an Orlando semifinal, Wade in a Phoenix semifinal, and Goolagong in a semifinal of the tour-ending Virginia Slims Championships in Los Angeles.

1975

In 1975, King played singles only half the year, as she retired (temporarily, as it turned out) from tournament singles competition immediately after winning her sixth Wimbledon singles title.

She began the year in San Francisco, defeating Françoise Dürr and Virginia Wade before losing to Chris Evert in the final. The following week, King won the Sarasota, Florida tournament, defeating Evert in the final 6–3, 6–2. Evert said immediately after the final, which was her thirteenth career match with King, "I think that's the best that Billie Jean has ever played. I hit some great shots but they just kept coming back at me."^[54] Looking back at that match, King said, "I probably played so well because I had to, for the money. Out of frustration comes creativity. Right?"^[55] Two months later, Wade defeated King in the semifinals of the Philadelphia tournament. At the Austin, Texas tournament in April, King defeated Evonne Goolagong 6–1, 6–3 before losing to Evert in the final. As King was serving for the match at 6–5 in the third set, a disputed line call went in Evert's favor. King said after the match that she was cheated out of the match and that she had never been angrier about a match.^[56]

King played only one of the Wimbledon warm-up tournaments, defeating Olga Morozova in the Eastbourne semifinals before losing to Wade in the final. Seeded third at Wimbledon, King defeated seventh seeded Morozova in the quarterfinals (6–3, 6–3) and then top seeded Evert in the semifinals (2–6, 6–2, 6–3) after being down 3–0 (40–15) in the final set.^[57] Evert blamed her semifinal defeat on a loss of concentration when she saw Jimmy Connors, her former fiance, escorting Susan George into Centre Court. King, however, believes that the match turned around because King planned for and totally prepared for Wimbledon that year and told herself when she was on the verge of defeat, "Hey, Billie Jean, this is ridiculous. You paid the price. For once, you looked ahead. You're supposed to win. Get your bahoola in gear."^[57] King then defeated fourth seeded Goolagong Cawley in the second most lopsided women's final ever at Wimbledon (6–0, 6–1). King called her performance a "near perfect match" and said to the news media, "I'm never coming back."^[58]

The later years: 1976 through 1990

1976

Except for five Federation Cup singles matches that she won in straight sets in August, King played only in doubles and mixed doubles events from January through September. She partnered Phil Dent to the mixed doubles title at the US Open. She lost to Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat in both of the singles tournaments she played the remainder of the year. Looking back, King said, "I wasted 1976. After watching Chris Evert and Evonne [Goolagong] Cawley play the final at Wimbledon I asked myself what I was doing. So, despite my age and the operations, the Old Lady came back...."^[59] King had knee surgery for the third time on November 9,^[60] this time on her right knee,^[61] and did not play the remainder of the year.

1977

King spent the first three months of the year rehabilitating her right knee after surgery in November 1976.^[62]

In March 1977, King requested that the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) exercise its right to grant a wild card entry to King for the eight-player Virginia Slims Championships at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Margaret Court, who finished in sixth place on the Virginia Slims points list, failed to qualify for the tournament because she did not play enough Virginia Slims tournaments leading up to the championships. This left a spot open in the draw, which the WTA filled with Mima Jaušovec. King then decided to play the Lionel Cup tournament in San Antonio, Texas, which the WTA harshly criticized because tournament officials there had allowed transsexual Renée Richards to enter.^[63] Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, and Betty Stöve (president of the WTA) criticized King's decision because of Richards's unresolved and highly controversial status on the women's tennis tour. Evert said she was disappointed with King and that until Richards's status was resolved, "all of the women should stick together." Navratilova said, "Billie Jean is a bad girl pouting. She made a bad decision. She's mad because she could not get what she wanted." Stöve said that if King had wanted the competition, "[T]here are plenty of men around here she could've played with. She didn't have to choose a 'disputed' tournament."^[64] The draw in San Antonio called for King to play Richards in the semifinals had form held; however, Richards lost in the quarterfinals. King eventually won the tournament.

At the clay court Family Circle Cup in late March, King played for the last time her long-time rival Nancy Richey Gunter in the first round. King won 0–6, 7–6, 6–2. She defeated another clay court specialist, Virginia Ruzici, in the second round before winning only one game from Evert in the final.

At Wimbledon in the third round, King played Maria Bueno for the last time, with King winning 6–2, 7–5. In the quarterfinals, Evert defeated King for the first time at a Grand Slam singles tournament and for the first time on grass 6–1, 6–2 in just 46 minutes. Evert said it was the best match she had ever played on grass up to that point in her career,^[65] and King said, "She just played beautiful tennis. I don't think many players would've beaten her today."^[66] King also said after the match, "Maybe I can be happy being number eight instead of number one. At this stage, just playing, that's winning enough for me."^[67] But when asked about retirement, King said, "Retire? Quit tournament tennis? You gotta be kidding. It just means I've got a lot more work. I've got to make myself match tough ... mentally as well as physically. I gotta go out and kill myself for the next six months. It's a long, arduous process. I will suffer. But I will be back."^[68]

Evert repeated her Wimbledon quarterfinal victory over King at the clay court US Open, winning 6–2, 6–0. This loss prompted King to say, "I better get it together by October or November or that's it. I'll have to make some big decisions. I'm not 20-years-old and I can't just go out and change my game. It's only the last four weeks I haven't been in [knee] pain. [But if] I keep using that as a copout, I shouldn't play."^[69]

The remainder of the year, King's win–loss record was 31–3, losing only to Evert, Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat, and Michelle Tyler Wilson. King won five of the eight tournaments she entered plus both of her Wightman Cup matches. She defeated Navratilova all four times they played, including three times in three consecutive weeks, and beat Wimbledon champion Virginia Wade twice. Beginning September 26, King played seven consecutive weeks. She lost to Tyler in the second round in Palm Harbor, Florida and Fromholtz Balestrat in the semifinals in Atlanta. She then won three hard court tournaments in three consecutive weeks. She defeated Navratilova and Wendy Turnbull to win in Phoenix, losing only four points to Turnbull in the third set of the final.^[70] The next week, she defeated Navratilova, Fromholtz Balestrat, and Wimbledon runner-up Stöve to win in São Paulo. The third week, she defeated Ruzici, Stöve, and Janet Newberry Wright to win in San Juan. In November, Evert snapped King's 18-match winning streak in the final of the Colgate Series Championships in Mission Hills, California. King then won her Wightman Cup matches, defeated Navratilova to win the tournament in Japan, and beat Wade to win the Bremar Cup in London. King said, "I have never had a run like this, even in the years when I was Wimbledon champion. At 34, I feel fitter than when I was 24."^[71]

1978

King played ten singles tournaments during the first half of 1978, limiting herself to doubles after Wimbledon.

To start the year, King was the runner-up in Houston and Kansas City (losing to Martina Navratilova in both) and in Philadelphia (losing to Chris Evert). At the Virginia Slims Championships, King lost her first round robin match to Virginia Wade and defaulted her two remaining round robin matches because of a leg injury sustained during the first match.

At Wimbledon, King played with a painful heel spur in her left foot and lost to Evert in the quarterfinals for the second consecutive year 6–3, 3–6, 6–2. The match was on-serve in the third set with King serving at 2–3 (40–0) before Evert won five consecutive points to break serve. King won a total of only two points during the last two games. King said after the match, "I don't think my mobility is very good and that's what I need to beat her. Physically, she [Evert] tears your guts apart unless you can stay with her. I'm really disappointed. I really wanted to play well. I just couldn't cut it because of my heel."^[72] King and her partner Ray Ruffels lost in the final of mixed doubles in straight sets.

King teamed with Navratilova to win the women's doubles title at the US Open, King's fourth women's doubles title at that tournament and fourteenth Grand Slam women's doubles title overall. To end the year, King was undefeated in five doubles matches (four with Evert and one with Rosemary Casals) as the U.S. won the Federation Cup in Melbourne, Australia. During the Federation Cup competition, King hinted at retirement from future major singles competitions and said that she was "sick and tired of continued surgery" in trying to get fit enough for those events.^[73] Nevertheless, King had foot surgery on December 22 in an attempt to regain mobility for a return to the tennis tour.^[74]

1979

During the first half of 1979, King played only one event – doubles in the Federation Cup tie against Spain – because of major surgery to her left foot during December 1978.

King returned to singles competition at the Wimbledon warm-up tournament in Chichester. She defeated the reigning Wimbledon champion, Martina Navratilova, in a 48-minute quarterfinal 6–1, 6–2^[75] before losing to Evonne Goolagong Cawley in the semifinals 1–6, 6–4, 10–8. Seeded seventh at Wimbledon, King defeated Hana Mandlíková in the fourth round before losing the last six games^[76] of the quarterfinal match with fourth-seeded Tracy Austin 6–4, 6–7(5), 6–2. King partnered with Navratilova at Wimbledon to win King's 20th and final Wimbledon title, breaking Elizabeth Ryan's longstanding record of 19 Wimbledon titles just one day after Ryan collapsed and died at Wimbledon.^[77]

At the US Open, the ninth-seeded King reached the quarterfinals without dropping a set, where she upset the fourth-seeded Virginia Wade 6–3, 7–6(4). Next up was a semifinal match with the four-time defending champion and top-seeded Chris Evert; however, with King hampered by a neck injury sustained during a bear hug with a friend the day before the match, Evert won 6–1, 6–0, including the last eleven games and 48 of the last 63 points.^[78] This was Evert's eighth consecutive win over King, with Evert during those matches losing only one set and 31 games and winning four 6–0 sets.^[78] Evert said after the match, "Psychologically, I feel very confident when I ... play her."^[78]

The following week in Tokyo, King won her first singles title in almost two years, defeating Goolagong Cawley in the final. In November in Stockholm, King defeated Betty Stöve in the final after Stöve lost her concentration while serving for the match at 5–4 in the third set.^[79] Three weeks later in Brighton, King lost a semifinal match with Navratilova 7–5, 0–6, 7–6(3) after King led 6–5 in the third set.^[80] She ended the year with a quarterfinal loss in Melbourne (not the Australian Open), a second round loss in Sydney, and a three-set semifinal loss to Austin in Tokyo.

1980

King won the tournament in Houston that began in February, snapping Martina Navratilova's 28-match winning streak in the straight-sets final.^[81]

At the winter series-ending Avon Championships in March, King defeated Virginia Wade in her first round robin match 6–1, 6–3. After Wade held serve at love to open the match, King won nine consecutive games and lost only nine points during those games.^[82] King then lost her second round robin match to Navratilova and defeated Wendy Turnbull in an elimination round match, before losing to Tracy Austin in the semifinals 6–3, 6–1.

King played the French Open for the first time since she won the event in 1972 and completed a career singles Grand Slam. She was seeded second but lost in the quarterfinals to fifth-seeded Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat of Australia 6–1, 6–4.

At Wimbledon, King defeated Pam Shriver in a two-hour, forty minute fourth round match 5–7, 7–6, 10–8 after King saved a match point in the second set and recovered from a 4–2 (40–0) deficit in the third set with Shriver serving.^[83] In a quarterfinal that took two days to complete, King lost to two-time defending champion and top-seeded Navratilova 7–6, 1–6, 10–8. The beginning of the match was delayed until late afternoon because of rain. Because she wore eyeglasses, King agreed to start the match then on condition that tournament officials immediately suspend the match if the rain resumed. During the first set, drizzle began to fall; however, the chair umpire refused to suspend the match. King led in the tiebreaker 5–1 before Navratilova came back to win the set, whereupon the umpire then agreed to the suspension. When the match resumed the next day, King won 20 of the first 23 points to take a 5–0 lead in the second set and lost a total of seven points while winning the set in just 17 minutes. In the third set, Navratilova broke serve to take a 2–0 lead before King broke back twice and eventually served for the match at 6–5. King then hit four volley errors, enabling Navratilova to break serve at love and even the match. King saved three match points while serving at 6–7 and three more match points while serving at 7–8. During the change-over between games at 8–9, King's eyeglasses broke for the first time in her career. She had a spare pair, but they did not feel the same. King saved two match points before Navratilova broke serve to win the match. King said, "I think that may be the single match in my career that I could have won if I hadn't had bad eyes."^[84][85][86]

King teamed with Navratilova to win King's 39th and final Grand Slam title at the US Open. Navratilova then decided she wanted a new doubles partner and started playing with Shriver but refused to discuss the change directly with King. She finally confronted Navratilova during the spring of 1981, reportedly saying to her, "Tell me I'm too old ... but tell me something." Navratilova refused to talk about it.^[87]

King had minor knee surgery on November 14 in San Francisco to remove adhesions and cartilage.^[88]

1982

In 1982, King was 38 years old and the twelfth-seed at Wimbledon. In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa, King was down 7–5, 5–4 (40–0) before saving three match points^[89] to win the second set 7–6(2) and then the third set 6–3. King said in her post-match press conference, "I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won. When I was down 4–5 and love–40, I told myself, 'You have been here 21 years, so use that experience and hang on.'"^[90] In the fourth round, King upset sixth-seeded Australian Wendy Turnbull in straight sets. King then upset third-seeded Tracy Austin in the quarterfinals 3–6, 6–4, 6–2 to became the oldest female semifinalist at Wimbledon since Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers in 1920. This was King's first career victory over Austin after five defeats and reversed the result of their 1979 Wimbledon quarterfinal. King said in her post-match press conference, "Today, I looked at the scoreboard when I was 2–0 in the third set and the '2' seemed to be getting bigger and bigger. In 1979, when I was up 2–0 at the same stage, I was tired and didn't have anything left. But today I felt so much better and was great mentally."^[91] Two days later in the semifinals, which was King's 250th career match at Wimbledon in singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles,^[92] the second-seeded Chris Evert defeated King on her fifth match point 7–6(4), 2–6, 6–3. King was down a set and 2–1 in the second set before winning five consecutive games to even the match.^[93] King explained that she actually lost the match in the first set by failing to convert break points at 15–40 in the second and fourth games.^[94]

1983

King retired from competitive play in singles at the end of 1983.

She reached the semifinals in her final appearance at Wimbledon, losing to Andrea Jaeger 6–1, 6–1 after beating Kathy Jordan in the quarterfinals, seventh-seeded Wendy Turnbull in the fourth round, and Rosemary Casals, her longtime doubles partner, in the third round. Jaeger claims that she was highly motivated to defeat King because King had defeated Turnbull, a favorite of Jaeger's, and because King refused a towel from an attendant just before her match with Jaeger, explaining, "I'm not going to sweat in this match."^[95]

King became the oldest WTA player to win a singles tournament when she won Birmingham at 39 years, 7 months and 23 days. The final official singles match of King's career was a second round 7–6, 4–6, 6–4 loss to Catherine Tanvier at the 1983 Australian Open.

1984 to present

King played doubles sporadically from 1984 through 1990. She retired from competitive play in doubles in March 1990. In her last competitive doubles match, King and her partner, Jennifer Capriati, lost a second round match to Brenda Schultz-McCarthy and Andrea Temesvári 6–3, 6–2 at the Virginia Slims of Florida tournament.

King became the captain of the United States Fed Cup team and coach of its women's Olympic tennis squad. She guided the U.S. to the Fed Cup championship in 1996 and helped Lindsay Davenport, Gigi Fernández, and Mary Joe Fernández capture Olympic gold medals.

In 2002, King dismissed Capriati from the Fed Cup team, saying Capriati had violated rules that forbade bringing along and practicing with personal coaches. Opinion was sharply divided, with many supporting King's decision but many feeling the punishment was too harsh, especially in hindsight when Monica Seles and Lisa Raymond were defeated by lower-ranked Austrians Barbara Schett and Barbara Schwartz. The following year, Zina Garrison succeeded King as Fed Cup captain.

Furthering the tennis profession

Before the start of the open era in 1968, King earned US$100 a week as a playground instructor and student at Los Angeles State College when not playing in major tennis tournaments.

In 1967, King criticized the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) in a series of press conferences, denouncing what she called the USLTA's practice of "shamateurism", where top players were paid under the table to guarantee their entry into tournaments. King argued that this was corrupt and kept the game highly elitist. King quickly became a significant force in the opening of tennis to professionalism. King said this about the amateur game,

In America, tennis players are not people. If you are in tennis, you are a cross between a panhandler and a visiting in-law. You're not respected, you're tolerated. In England, you're respected as an artist. In Europe, you're a person of importance. Manuel Santana gets decorated by Franco. The Queen leads the applause. How many times have I been presented at the White House? You work all your life to win Wimbledon and Forest Hills and all the people say is, "That's nice. Now what are you going to do with your life?" They don't ask Mickey Mantle that. Stop 12 people on the street and ask them who Roy Emerson is and they're stuck for an answer, but they know the third-string right guard for the Rams. I'd like to see tennis get out of its "sissy" image and see some guy yell, "Hit it, ya bum" and see it be a game you don't have to have a lorgnette or a sash across your tuxedo to get in to watch.^[96]

When the open era began, King campaigned for equal prize money in the men's and women's games. In 1971, with ideas for the formation of an eight player women's group from her husband, Larry King, financial backing of World Tennis magazine founder, Gladys Heldman, and the sponsorship of Virginia Slims Chairman Joe Coleman, King became the first woman athlete to earn over US$100,000 in prize money;^[97] however, inequalities continued. King won the US Open in 1972 but received US$15,000 less than the men's champion Ilie Năstase. She stated that she would not play the next year if the prize money were not equal. In 1973, the US Open became the first major tournament to offer equal prize money for men and women.

King led player efforts to support the first professional women's tennis tour in the 1970s called the Virginia Slims, founded by Gladys Heldman and funded by Joseph Cullman of Philip Morris.^[98] Once the tour took flight, King worked tirelessly to promote it even though many of the other top players were not supportive. "For three years we had two tours and because of their governments [Martina] Navratilova and Olga Morozova had to play the other tour. Chris [Evert], Margaret [Court], Virginia [Wade], they let us do the pioneering work and they weren't very nice to us. If you go back and look at the old quotes; they played for the love of the game, we played for the money. When we got backing and money, we were all playing together – I wonder why? I tried not to get upset with them. Forgiveness is important. Our job was to have one voice and win them over."^[99]

In 1973, King became the first President of the women's players union – the Women's Tennis Association. In 1974, she, with husband Larry King and Jim Jorgensen, founded womenSports magazine and started the Women's Sports Foundation.^[100] Also in 1974, World TeamTennis began, founded by Larry King, Dennis Murphy, Frank Barman and Jordan Kaiser.^[101] She became league commissioner in 1982 and major owner in 1984.

King is a member of the Board of Honorary Trustees for the Sports Museum of America,^[102] which opened in 2008. The museum is the home of the Billie Jean King International Women's Sports Center, a comprehensive women's sports hall of fame and exhibit.^[103]

Awards, honors, and tributes

Tributes from other players

Margaret Court, who won more Grand Slam titles than anyone, has said that King was "the greatest competitor I've ever known".^[104]

Chris Evert, winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles, has said, "She's the wisest human being that I've ever met and has vision people can only dream about. Billie Jean King is my mentor and has given me advice about my tennis and my boyfriends. On dealing with my parents and even how to raise children. And she doesn't have any."^[105]

In 1979, several top players were asked who they would pick to help them recover from a hypothetical deficit of 1–5 (15–40) in the third set of a match on Wimbledon's Centre Court. Martina Navratilova, Rosemary Casals, and Françoise Dürr all picked King. Navratilova said, "I would have to pick Billie Jean at her best. Consistently, Chris [Evert] is hardest to beat but for one big occasion, one big match, one crucial point, yes, it would have to be Billie Jean." Casals said, "No matter how far down you got her, you never could be sure of beating her."^[106]

Awards and honors

King was the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year in 1967.^[107]

In 1972, King became the first tennis player to be named Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year. She was also the first female athlete ever to receive that honor.^[108][109]

In 1975, Seventeen magazine found that King was the most admired woman in the world from a poll of its readers. Golda Meir, who had been Israel's prime minister until the previous year, finished second.^[52] In a May 19, 1975, Sports Illustrated article about King, Frank Deford noted that she had become something of a sex symbol.^[55]

King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987.^[11]

Life magazine in 1990 named her one of the "100 Most Important Americans of the 20th Century".^[52]

King was the recipient of the 1999 Arthur Ashe Courage Award.^[110]

In 1999 King was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame.^[111]

In 2000, King received an award from GLAAD, an organization devoted to reducing discrimination against gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender people, for "furthering the visibility and inclusion of the community in her work".^[112]

In 2006, the Women's Sports Foundation began to sponsor the Billie Awards, which are named after and hosted by King.^[113]

On August 28, 2006, the USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park was rededicated as the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center.^[114] John McEnroe, Venus Williams, Jimmy Connors, and Chris Evert were among the speakers during the rededication ceremony.

On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and his wife Maria Shriver inducted King into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts.

On October 18, 2007, the Public Justice Foundation presented King with its highest award, the Champion of Justice Award.

On November 20, 2007, King was presented with the 2007 Sunday Times Sports Women of the Year Lifetime Achievement award for her contribution to sport both on and off the court.^[99]

Charles M. Schulz, creator of the Peanuts comic strip, was an admirer and close friend. Schulz referred to King several times in Peanuts over the years. In one strip, Peppermint Patty tells Marcie, "Has anyone ever told you that when you're mad, you look just like Billie Jean King?" This strip was reprinted in The Complete Peanuts 1973–74, for which King wrote the introduction.

She was honored by the Office of the Manhattan Borough President in March 2008 and was included in a map of historical sites related or dedicated to important women.^[115]

King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009.^[116]

She was inducted into the Southern California Tennis Hall of Fame on August 5, 2011.

On August 2, 2013, King was among the first class of inductees into the National Gay and Lesbian Sports Hall of Fame.^[117]

In 2014, she was named one of ESPNW's Impact 25.^[118]

King was shown in Marie Claire magazine's "The 8 Greatest Moments for Women in Sports".^[119]

Playing style and personality

King learned to play tennis on the public courts of Long Beach, California, and was coached by tennis teacher Clyde Walker. She furthered her tennis career at the Los Angeles Tennis Club.

She was an aggressive, hard-hitting net-rusher with excellent speed,^[52] Chris Evert, however, said about King, "Her weakness is her impatience."^[120]

Concerning her motivations in life and tennis, King said,

I'm a perfectionist much more than I'm a super competitor, and there's a big difference there.... I've been painted as a person who only competes.... But most of all, I get off on hitting a shot correctly. ... Any woman who wants to achieve anything has to be aggressive and tough, but the press never sees us as multidimensional. They don't see the emotions, the downs....^[121]

In a 1984 interview, just after she had turned 40, King said,

Sometimes when I'm watching someone like Martina [Navratilova], I remember how nice it was to be No. 1. Believe me, it's the best time in your life. Don't let anyone ever tell you different. ... My only regret is that I had to do too much off the court. Deep down, I wonder how good I really could have been if I [had] concentrated just on tennis.^[122]

Julie Heldman, who frequently played King but never felt close to her, said about King's personality,

One of the reasons I've never gotten close to Billie Jean is that I've never felt strong enough to survive against that overwhelming personality of hers. She talks about me being the smart one. Let me tell you, Billie Jean's the smartest one, the cleverest one you'll ever see. She was the one who was able to channel everything into winning, into being the most consummate tennis player.^[55]

Kristen Kemmer Shaw, another frequent opponent of King, said,

For a time, I think I was as close to Billie Jean as anyone ever was. But as soon as I got to the point where I could read her too well, she tried to dissociate the relationship. She doesn't want to risk appearing weak in front of anybody. She told me once that if you want to be the best, you must never let anyone, anyone, know what you really feel. You see, she told me, they can't hurt you if they don't know.^[55]

Concerning the qualities of a champion tennis player, King said,

The difference between me at my peak and me in the last few years of my career is that when I was the champion I had the ultimate in confidence. When I decided, under pressure ... that I had to go with my very weakest shot – forehand down the line – I was positive that I could pull it off ... when it mattered the most. Even more than that; going into a match, I knew it was my weakest shot, and I knew in a tight spot my opponent was going to dare me to hit it, and I knew I could hit it those two or three or four times in a match when I absolutely had to. ... The cliché is to say that ... champions play the big points better. Yes, but that's only the half of it. The champions play their weaknesses better....^[123]

Personal life

Billie Jean married Larry King in Long Beach, California, on September 17, 1965.^[124] In 1971 she had an abortion. This only became public when Larry King, without consulting Billie Jean in advance, added her name to the long list of prominent women who, in the 1972 premiere issue of Ms. Magazine, declared that they had had abortions.^[125] King said in her 1982 autobiography that she decided to have an abortion because she believed her marriage was not solid enough to bring a child into her family.^[126] Billie Jean and Larry divorced in 1987.

By 1968, King realized that she was interested in women,^[125] and in 1971, began an intimate relationship with her secretary, Marilyn Barnett (born Marilyn Kathryn McRae on January 28, 1948). King acknowledged the relationship when it became public in a May 1981 'palimony' lawsuit filed by Barnett, making King the first prominent professional female athlete to come out as a lesbian.^[99] King said that she had wanted to retire from competitive tennis in 1981 but could not afford to because of the lawsuit.

Within 24 hours [of the lawsuit being filed], I lost all my endorsements; I lost everything. I lost $2 million at least, because I had longtime contracts. I had to play just to pay for the lawyers. In three months I went through $500,000. I was in shock. I didn't make $2 million in my lifetime, so it's all relative to what you make."^[127]

King said in 1998 that Martina Navratilova was not supportive when King was outed, resulting in their relationship having a "very bad five years".^[128] Speaking about the lawsuit in 2007, 26 years after it was filed, King said:

It was very hard on me because I was outed and I think you have to do it in your own time. Fifty percent of gay people know who they are by the age of 13, I was in the other 50%. I would never have married Larry if I'd known. I would never have done that to him. I was totally in love with Larry when I was 21.^[99]

Concerning the personal cost of concealing her sexuality for so many years, King said:

I wanted to tell the truth but my parents were homophobic and I was in the closet. As well as that, I had people tell me that if I talked about what I was going through, it would be the end of the women's tour. I couldn't get a closet deep enough. I've got a homophobic family, a tour that will die if I come out, the world is homophobic and, yeah, I was homophobic. If you speak with gays, bisexuals, lesbians and transgenders, you will find a lot of homophobia because of the way we all grew up. One of my big goals was always to be honest with my parents and I couldn't be for a long time. I tried to bring up the subject but felt I couldn't. My mother would say, "We're not talking about things like that", and I was pretty easily stopped because I was reluctant anyway. I ended up with an eating disorder that came from trying to numb myself from my feelings. I needed to surrender far sooner than I did. At the age of 51, I was finally able to talk about it properly with my parents and no longer did I have to measure my words with them. That was a turning point for me as it meant I didn't have regrets any more.^[99]

In 1999, King was elected to serve on the Board of Directors of Philip Morris Incorporated, garnering some criticism from anti-tobacco groups.^[129] She no longer serves in that capacity.

King is very involved in the Women's Sports Foundation and the Elton John AIDS Foundation.^[130] She says "I believe in the missions of these two organizations because they are about helping others, and making a difference in the lives of those around us. I'm also serving on the President's Council for Fitness, Sports and Nutrition because I feel that we have to find a way to keep our country—especially our young people—active."^[130]

King played a judge on Law & Order^[131] on April 27, 2007, and appeared on Ugly Betty in May 2009. On August 12, 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama for her work advocating for the rights of women and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. "This is a chance for me – and for the United States of America – to say thank you to some of the finest citizens of this country and of all countries", President Obama said.^[132]

In 2008, King published the book Pressure is a Privilege: Lessons I've Learned from Life and the Battle of the Sexes.

King has residences in New York and Chicago^[133] with her life partner, Ilana Kloss.^[134]

Billie Jean's younger brother Randy Moffitt grew up to become a professional baseball player, pitching for 12 years in the major leagues for the San Francisco Giants, Houston Astros, and Toronto Blue Jays.^[135]

In December 2013, US President Barack Obama appointed King and openly gay hockey player Caitlin Cahow to represent the United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. This has been interpreted as a signal on gay rights, in the context of concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics regarding LGBT rights in Russia.^[136] King was forced to drop out of the delegation due to her mother's ill health. Betty Moffitt, King's mother, died on February 7, 2014, the day of the 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremonies.^[137]

Grand Slam singles finals

18 finals (12 titles, 6 runners-up)

Outcome	Year	Championship	Surface	Opponent in final	Score in final
Runner-up	1963	Wimbledon	Grass	Margaret Court	6–3, 6–4
Runner-up	1965	U.S. Championships	Grass	Margaret Court	8–6, 7–5
Winner	1966	Wimbledon (1)	Grass	Maria Bueno	6–3, 3–6, 6–1
Winner	1967	Wimbledon (2)	Grass	Ann Haydon-Jones	6–3, 6–4
Winner	1967	U.S. Championships (1)	Grass	Ann Haydon-Jones	11–9, 6–4
Winner	1968	Australian Championships (1)	Grass	Margaret Court	6–1, 6–2
Winner	1968	Wimbledon (3)	Grass	Judy Tegart Dalton	9–7, 7–5
Runner-up	1968	US Open	Grass	Virginia Wade	6–4, 6–2
Runner-up	1969	Australian Open	Grass	Margaret Court	6–4, 6–1
Runner-up	1969	Wimbledon	Grass	Ann Haydon-Jones	3–6, 6–3, 6–2
Runner-up	1970	Wimbledon	Grass	Margaret Court	14–12, 11–9
Winner	1971	US Open (2)	Grass	Rosemary Casals	6–4, 7–6
Winner	1972	French Open	Clay	Evonne Goolagong	6–3, 6–3
Winner	1972	Wimbledon (4)	Grass	Evonne Goolagong	6–3, 6–3
Winner	1972	US Open (3)	Grass	Kerry Melville Reid	6–3, 7–5
Winner	1973	Wimbledon (5)	Grass	Chris Evert	6–0, 7–5
Winner	1974	US Open (4)	Grass	Evonne Goolagong	3–6, 6–3, 7–5
Winner	1975	Wimbledon (6)	Grass	Evonne Goolagong Cawley	6–0, 6–1

Career statistics and records

• These records were attained in the Open Era of tennis.

Championship	Years	Record accomplished	Player tied
Grand Slam	1972	2 wins without losing a set in the same calendar year	Martina Navratilova Steffi Graf Martina Hingis Serena Williams Justine Henin

See also

References

Further reading

• Fein, Paul (2005). You Can Quote Me On That: Greatest Tennis Quips, Insights And Zingers. Washington: Potomac Books. ISBN 1-57488-925-7. 
• Jones, Ann, A Game of Love, 1971
• King, Billie Jean (2008). Pressure is a Privilege: Lessons I've Learned from Life and the Battle of the Sexes. New York: LifeTime Media Inc. ISBN 0981636802. 
• Overman, Steven J. and K. B. Sagert, Icons of Women's Sport. Greenwood Press, 2012, Vol. 1.
• Roberts, Selena (2005). A Necessary Spectacle : Billie Jean King, Bobby Riggs, and the Tennis Match That Leveled the Game. New York: Crown. ISBN 1-4000-5146-0. 
• Ware, Susan. Game, Set, Match: Billie Jean King and the Revolution in Women's Sports (University of North Carolina Press; 2011) 282 pages; Combines biography and history in a study of the tennis player, liberal feminism, and Title IX.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Billie Jean King.

• Official website
• Billie Jean King at the Women's Tennis Association
• Billie Jean King at the Fed Cup
• Billie Jean King at the International Tennis Hall of Fame
• Official Wimbledon profile
• Billie Jean King Tennis Center, Long Beach, California

Billie Jean King in the Grand Slam Tournaments Women’s tennis players who won two or more Grand Slam singles titles in one calendar year   Four wins 1953: Maureen Connolly Brinker 1970: Margaret Court 1988: Steffi Graf   Three wins 1928: Helen Wills Moody (FO&WI&US) 1929: Helen Wills Moody (FO&WI&US) 1962: Margaret Court (AO&FO&US) 1965: Margaret Court (AO&WI&US) 1969: Margaret Court (AO&FO&US) 1972: Billie Jean King (FO&WI&US) 1973: Margaret Court (AO&FO&US) 1983: Martina Navratilova (AO&WI&US) 1984: Martina Navratilova (FO&WI&US) 1989: Steffi Graf (AO&WI&US) 1991: Monica Seles (AO&FO&US) 1992: Monica Seles (AO&FO&US) 1993: Steffi Graf (FO&WI&US) 1995: Steffi Graf (FO&WI&US) 1996: Steffi Graf (FO&WI&US) 1997: Martina Hingis (AO&WI&US) 2002: Serena Williams (FO&WI&US) 2015: Serena Williams (AO&FO&WI)   Two wins 1925: Suzanne Lenglen (FO&WI) 1927: Helen Wills Moody (WI&US) 1930: Helen Wills Moody (FO&WI) 1931: Cilly Aussem (FO&WI) 1932: Helen Wills Moody (FO&WI) 1939: Alice Marble (WI&US) 1946: Pauline Betz Addie (WI&US) 1949: Margaret Osborne duPont (FO&US) 1950: Louise Bough Clapp (AO&WI) 1952: Maureen Connolly Brinker (WI&US) 1954: Maureen Connolly Brinker (FO&WI) 1956: Shirley Fry Irvin (WI&US) 1957: Althea Gibson (WI&US) 1958: Althea Gibson (WI&US) 1959: Maria Bueno (WI&US) 1960: Darlene Hard (FO&US) 1963: Margaret Court (AO&WI) 1964: Margaret Court (AO&FO) 1964: Maria Bueno (WI&US) 1967: Billie Jean King (WI&US) 1968: Billie Jean King (AO&WI) 1971: Evonne Goolagong Cawley (FO&WI) 1974: Chris Evert (FO&WI) 1975: Chris Evert (FO&US) 1976: Chris Evert (WI&US) 1980: Chris Evert (FO&US) 1982: Martina Navratilova (FO&WI) 1982: Chris Evert (AO&US) 1985: Martina Navratilova (AO&WI) 1986: Martina Navratilova (WI&US) 1987: Martina Navratilova (WI&US) 1994: Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (FO&US) 2000: Venus Williams (WI&US) 2001: Jennifer Capriati (AO&FO) 2001: Venus Williams (WI&US) 2003: Serena Williams (AO&WI) 2003: Justine Henin (FO&US) 2006: Amélie Mauresmo (AO&WI) 2007: Justine Henin (FO&US) 2009: Serena Williams (AO&WI) 2010: Serena Williams (AO&WI) 2012: Serena Williams (WI&US) 2013: Serena Williams (FO&US) AO=Australian Open, FO=French Open, WI=Wimbledon, US=US Open Australasian and Australian Championships women's singles champions (1922) Margaret Molesworth (1923) Margaret Molesworth (1924) Sylvia Lance Harper (1925) Daphne Akhurst Cozens (1926) Daphne Akhurst Cozens (1927) Esna Boyd Robertson (1928) Daphne Akhurst Cozens (1929) Daphne Akhurst Cozens (1930) Daphne Akhurst Cozens (1931) Coral McInnes Buttsworth (1932) Coral McInnes Buttsworth (1933) Joan Hartigan Bathurst (1934) Joan Hartigan Bathurst (1935) Dorothy Round Little (1936) Joan Hartigan Bathurst (1937) Nancye Wynne Bolton (1938) Dorothy Bundy Cheney (1939) Emily Hood Westacott (1940) Nancye Wynne Bolton (1941-1945 No competition (due to World War II) (1946) Nancye Wynne Bolton (1947) Nancye Wynne Bolton (1948) Nancye Wynne Bolton (1949) Doris Hart (1950) Louise Brough Clapp (1951) Nancye Wynne Bolton (1952) Thelma Coyne Long (1953) Maureen Connolly (1954) Thelma Coyne Long (1955) Beryl Penrose Collier (1956) Mary Carter Reitano (1957) Shirley Fry Irvin (1958) Angela Mortimer Barrett (1959) Mary Carter Reitano (1960) Margaret Court (1961) Margaret Court (1962) Margaret Court (1963) Margaret Court (1964) Margaret Court (1965) Margaret Court (1966) Margaret Court (1967) Nancy Richey Gunter (1968) Billie Jean King Pre Open Era Wimbledon ladies' singles champions (1884) Maud Watson (1885) Maud Watson (1886) Blanche Bingley (1887) Lottie Dod (1888) Lottie Dod (1889) Blanche Bingley (1890) Lena Rice (1891) Lottie Dod (1892) Lottie Dod (1893) Lottie Dod (1894) Blanche Bingley (1895) Charlotte Cooper (1896) Charlotte Cooper (1897) Blanche Bingley (1898) Charlotte Cooper (1899) Blanche Bingley (1900) Blanche Bingley (1901) Charlotte Cooper (1902) Muriel Robb (1903) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (1904) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (1905) May Sutton (1906) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (1907) May Sutton (1908) Charlotte Cooper (1909) Dora Boothby (1910) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (1912) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (1913) Ethel Thomson Larcombe (1914) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (1915) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (1915-18) No competition (due to World War I) (1919) Suzanne Lenglen (1920) Suzanne Lenglen (1921) Suzanne Lenglen (1922) Suzanne Lenglen (1923) Suzanne Lenglen (1924) Kathleen McKane Godfree (1925) Suzanne Lenglen (1926) Kathleen McKane Godfree (1927) Helen Wills Moody (1928) Helen Wills Moody (1929) Helen Wills Moody (1930) Helen Wills Moody (1931) Cilly Aussem (1932) Helen Wills Moody (1933) Helen Wills Moody (1934) Dorothy Round Little (1935) Helen Wills Moody (1936) Helen Jacobs (1937) Dorothy Round Little (1938) Helen Wills Moody (1939) Alice Marble (1940–45) No competition (due to World War II) (1946) Pauline Betz (1947) Margaret Osborne duPont (1948) Louise Brough (1949) Louise Brough (1950) Louise Brough (1951) Doris Hart (1952) Maureen Connolly (1953) Maureen Connolly (1954) Maureen Connolly (1955) Louise Brough (1956) Shirley Fry (1957) Althea Gibson (1958) Althea Gibson (1959) Maria Bueno (1960) Maria Bueno (1961) Angela Mortimer (1962) Karen Hantze Susman (1963) Margaret Smith (1964) Maria Bueno (1965) Margaret Smith (1966) Billie Jean King (1967) Billie Jean King U.S. National Championships women's singles champions (1887) Ellen Hansell (1888) Bertha Townsend (1889) Bertha Townsend (1890) Ellen Roosevelt (1891) Mabel Cahill (1892) Mabel Cahill (1893) Aline Terry (1894) Helen Hellwig (1895) Juliette Atkinson (1896) Elisabeth Moore (1897) Juliette Atkinson (1898) Juliette Atkinson (1899) Marion Jones (1900) Myrtle McAteer (1901) Elisabeth Moore (1902) Marion Jones (1903) Elisabeth Moore (1904) May Sutton (1905) Elisabeth Moore (1906) Helen Homans (1907) Evelyn Sears (1908) Maud Barger-Wallach (1909) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (1910) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (1911) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (1912) Mary Browne (1913) Mary Browne (1914) Mary Browne (1915) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1916) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1917) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1918) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1919) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (1920) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1921) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1922) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1923) Helen Wills Moody (1924) Helen Wills Moody (1925) Helen Wills Moody (1926) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1927) Helen Wills Moody (1928) Helen Wills Moody (1929) Helen Wills Moody (1930) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker (1931) Helen Wills Moody (1932) Helen Jacobs (1933) Helen Jacobs (1934) Helen Jacobs (1935) Helen Jacobs (1936) Alice Marble (1937) Anita Lizana (1938) Alice Marble (1939) Alice Marble (1940) Alice Marble (1941) Sarah Palfrey Cooke (1942) Pauline Betz Addie (1943) Pauline Betz Addie (1944) Pauline Betz Addie (1945) Sarah Palfrey Cooke (1946) Pauline Betz Addie (1947) Louise Brough Clapp (1948) Margaret Osborne duPont (1949) Margaret Osborne duPont (1950) Margaret Osborne duPont (1951) Maureen Connolly (1952) Maureen Connolly (1953) Maureen Connolly (1954) Doris Hart (1955) Doris Hart (1956) Shirley Fry Irvin (1957) Althea Gibson (1958) Althea Gibson (1959) Maria Bueno (1960) Darlene Hard (1961) Darlene Hard (1962) Margaret Court (1963) Maria Bueno (1964) Maria Bueno (1965) Margaret Court (1966) Maria Bueno (1967) Billie Jean King Pre Open Era Wimbledon ladies' doubles champions (1913) Winifred McNair / Dora Boothby (1914) Agnes Morton / Elizabeth Ryan (1915-18) No competition (due to World War I) (1919) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan (1920) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan (1921) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan (1922) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan (1923) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan (1924) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Helen Wills Moody (1925) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan (1926) Mary Browne / Elizabeth Ryan (1927) Helen Wills Moody / Elizabeth Ryan (1928) Peggy Saunders Michel / Phoebe Holcroft Watson (1929) Peggy Saunders Michel / Phoebe Holcroft Watson (1930) Helen Wills Moody / Elizabeth Ryan (1931) Phyllis Mudford / Dorothy S. Barron (1932) Doris Metaxa / Josane Sigart (1933) Simonne Mathieu / Elizabeth Ryan (1934) Simonne Mathieu / Elizabeth Ryan (1935) Freda James / Kay Stammers (1936) Freda James / Kay Stammers (1937) Simonne Mathieu / Billie Yorke (1938) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble (1939) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble (1940-45) No competition (due to World War II) (1946) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1947) Patricia Canning Todd / Doris Hart (1948) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1949) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1950) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1951) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin (1952) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin (1953) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin (1954) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1955) Angela Mortimer Barrett / Anne Shilcock (1956) Angela Buxton / Althea Gibson (1957) Althea Gibson / Darlene Hard (1958) Maria Bueno / Althea Gibson (1959) Jeanne Arth / Darlene Hard (1960) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard (1961) Karen Hantze Susman / Billie Jean Moffitt (1962) Karen Hantze Susman / Billie Jean Moffitt (1963) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard (1964) Margaret Court / Lesley Turner Bowrey (1965) Maria Bueno / Billie Jean Moffitt (1966) Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey (1967) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King U.S. National Championships women's doubles champions (1889) Margarette Ballard / Bertha Townsend (1890) Ellen Roosevelt / Grace Roosevelt (1891) Mabel Cahill / Emma Leavitt Morgan (1892) Mabel Cahill / Adeline McKinlay (1893) Aline Terry / Harriet Butler (1894) Helen Hellwig / Juliette Atkinson (1895) Helen Hellwig / Juliette Atkinson (1896) Elisabeth Moore / Juliette Atkinson (1897) Juliette Atkinson / Kathleen Atkinson (1898) Juliette Atkinson / Kathleen Atkinson (1899) Jane Craven / Myrtle McAteer (1900) Edith Parker / Hallie Champlin (1901) Juliette Atkinson / Myrtle McAteer (1902) Juliette Atkinson / Marion Jones (1903) Elisabeth Moore / Carrie Neely (1904) May Sutton Bundy / Miriam Hall (1905) Helen Homans / Carrie Neely (1906) Ann Burdette Coe / Ethel Bliss Platt (1907) Marie Wimer / Carrie Neely (1908) Evelyn Sears / Margaret Curtis (1909) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Edith Rotch (1910) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Edith Rotch (1911) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Eleonora Sears (1912) Dorothy Green / Mary Browne (1913) Mary Browne / Louise Riddell Williams (1914) Mary Browne / Louise Riddell Williams (1915) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Eleonora Sears (1916) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory / Eleonora Sears (1917) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory / Eleonora Sears (1918) Marion Jessup / Eleanor Goss (1919) Marion Jessup / Eleanor Goss (1920) Marion Jessup / Eleanor Goss (1921) Mary Browne / Louise Riddell Williams (1922) Marion Jessup / Helen Wills Moody (1923) Kathleen McKane Godfree / Phyllis Howkins Covell (1924) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Helen Wills Moody (1925) Mary Browne / Helen Wills Moody (1926) Elizabeth Ryan / Eleanor Goss (1927) Kathleen McKane Godfree / Ermyntrude Harvey (1928) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Helen Wills Moody (1929) Phoebe Holcroft Watson / Peggy Mitchell (1930) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker / Sarah Palfrey Cooke (1931) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker / Eileen Bennett Whittingstall (1932) Helen Jacobs / Sarah Palfrey Cooke (1933) Betthy Nutthall Shoemaker / Freda James (1934) Helen Jacobs / Sarah Palfrey Cooke (1935) Helen Jacobs / Sarah Palfrey Cooke (1936) Marjorie Gladman Van Ryn / Carolin Babcock Stark (1937) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble (1938) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble (1939) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble (1940) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble (1941) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Margaret Osborne duPont (1942) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1943) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1944) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1945) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1946) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1947) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1948) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1949) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1950) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1951) Shirley Fry Irvin / Doris Hart (1952) Shirley Fry Irvin / Doris Hart (1953) Shirley Fry Irvin / Doris Hart (1954) Shirley Fry Irvin / Doris Hart (1955) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1956) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1957) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont (1958) Jeanne Arth / Darlene Hard (1959) Jeanne Arth / Darlene Hard (1960) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard (1961) Darlene Hard / Lesley Turner Bowrey (1962) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard (1963) Robyn Ebbern / Margaret Court (1964) Billie Jean King / Karen Hantze Susman (1965) Carole Caldwell Graebner / Nancy Richey (1966) Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey (1967) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King Australasian and Australian Championships mixed doubles champions (1922) Esna Boyd Robertson / Jack Hawkes (1923) Sylvia Lance Harper / Horace Rice (1924) Daphne Akhurst Cozens / Jim Willard (1925) Daphne Akhurst Cozens / Jim Willard (1926) Esna Boyd Robertson / Jack Hawkes (1927) Esna Boyd Robertson / Jack Hawkes (1928) Daphne Akhurst Cozens / Jean Borotra (1929) Daphne Akhurst Cozens / Edgar Moon (1930) Nell Hall Hopman / Harry Hopman (1931) Marjorie Cox Crawford / Jack Crawford (1932) Marjorie Cox Crawford / Jack Crawford (1933) Marjorie Cox Crawford / Jack Crawford (1934) Joan Hartigan Bathurst / Edgar Moon (1935) Louie Bickerton / Christian Boussus (1936) Nell Hall Hopman / Harry Hopman (1937) Nell Hall Hopman / Harry Hopman (1938) Margaret Wilson / John Bromwich (1939) Nell Hall Hopman / Harry Hopman (1940) Nancye Wynne Bolton / Colin Long (1941 - 1945) No competition (due to World War II) (1946) Nancye Wynne Bolton / Colin Long (1947) Nancye Wynne Bolton / Colin Long (1948) Nancye Wynne Bolton / Colin Long (1949) Doris Hart / Frank Sedgman (1950) Doris Hart / Frank Sedgman (1951) Thelma Coyne Long / George Worthington (1952) Thelma Coyne Long / George Worthington (1953) Julia Sampson Hayward / Rex Hartwig (1954) Thelma Coyne Long / Rex Hartwig (1955) Thelma Coyne Long / George Worthington (1956) Beryl Penrose / Neale Fraser (1957) Fay Muller / Malcolm Anderson (1958) Mary Hawton / Bob Howe (1959) Sandra Reynolds Price / Bob Mark (1960) Jan Lehane O'Neill / Trevor Fancutt (1961) Jan Lehane O'Neill / Bob Hewitt (1962) Lesley Turner Bowrey / Fred Stolle (1963) Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher (1964) Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher (1965) Robyn Ebbern / Owen Davidson & Margaret Court / John Newcombe (1966) Judy Tegart Dalton / Tony Roche (1967) Lesley Turner Bowrey / Owen Davidson (1968) Billie Jean King / Dick Crealy Pre Open Era Wimbledon mixed doubles champions 1913: Hope Crisp / Agnes Tuckey 1914: James Parke / Ethel Thomson Larcombe 1915–18: No competition (due to World War I) 1919: Randolph Lycett / Elizabeth Ryan 1920: Gerald Patterson / Suzanne Lenglen 1921: Randolph Lycett / Elizabeth Ryan 1922: Pat O'Hara Wood / Suzanne Lenglen 1923: Randolph Lycett / Elizabeth Ryan 1924: John Gilbert / Kathleen McKane Godfree 1925: Jean Borotra / Suzanne Lenglen 1926: Leslie Godfree / Kathleen McKane Godfree 1927: Francis Hunter / Elizabeth Ryan 1928: Patrick Spence / Elizabeth Ryan 1929: Frank Hunter / Helen Wills Moody 1930: Jack Crawford / Elizabeth Ryan 1931: George Lott / Anna McCune Harper 1932: Enrique Maier / Elizabeth Ryan 1933: Gottfried von Cramm / Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling 1934: Ryuki Miki / Dorothy Round Little 1935: Fred Perry / Dorothy Round Little 1936: Fred Perry / Dorothy Round Little 1937: Don Budge / Alice Marble 1938: Don Budge / Alice Marble 1939: Bobby Riggs / Alice Marble 1940–45: No competition (due to World War II) 1946: Tom Brown / Louise Brough Clapp 1947: John Bromwich / Louise Brough Clapp 1948: John Bromwich / Louise Brough Clapp 1949: Eric Sturgess / Sheila Piercey Summers 1950: Eric Sturgess / Louise Brough Clapp 1951: Frank Sedgman / Doris Hart 1952: Frank Sedgman / Doris Hart 1953: Vic Seixas / Doris Hart 1954: Vic Seixas / Doris Hart 1955: Vic Seixas / Doris Hart 1956: Vic Seixas / Shirley Fry Irvin 1957: Mervyn Rose / Darlene Hard 1958: Robert Howe / Lorraine Coghlan Robinson 1959: Rod Laver / Darlene Hard 1960: Rod Laver / Darlene Hard 1961: Fred Stolle / Lesley Turner Bowrey 1962: Neale Fraser / Margaret Osborne duPont 1963: Ken Fletcher / Margaret Court 1964: Fred Stolle / Lesley Turner Bowrey 1965: Ken Fletcher / Margaret Court 1966: Ken Fletcher / Margaret Court 1967: Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King French Championships mixed doubles champions (1902) Helene Prevost / R. Forbes (1903) Helene Prevost / R. Forbes (1904) Kate Gillou / Max Decugis (1905) Y. de Pfooffel / Max Decugis (1906) Y. de Pfooffel / Max Decugis (1907) A. Pean / R. Wallet (1908) Kate Gillou / Max Decugis (1909) Jeane Matthey / Max Decugis (1910) M. Meny / M. Meny (1911) Marguerite Broquedis / Andre Gobert (1912) Daisy Speranza / William Laurentz (1913) Daisy Speranza / William Laurentz (1914) Suzanne Lenglen / Max Decugis (1915 – 1919) No competition (due to World War I) (1920) Suzanne Lenglen / Max Decugis (1921) Suzanne Lenglen / Jacques Brugnon (1922) Suzanne Lenglen / Jacques Brugnon (1923) Suzanne Lenglen / Jacques Brugnon (1924) Marguerite Broquedis / Jean Borotra (1925) Suzanne Lenglen / Jacques Brugnon (1926) Suzanne Lenglen / Jacques Brugnon (1927) Marguerite Broquedis Bordes / Jean Borotra (1928) Eileen Bennett Whittingstall / Henri Cochet (1929) Eileen Bennett Whittingstall / Henri Cochet (1930) Cilly Aussem / Bill Tilden (1931) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker / Pat Spence (1932) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker / Fred Perry (1933) Margaret Scriven-Vivian / Jack Crawford (1934) Colette Rosambert / Jean Borotra (1935) Lolette Payot / Marcel Bernard (1936) Billie Yorke / Marcel Bernard (1937) Simonne Mathieu / Yvon Petra (1938) Simonne Mathieu / Dragutin Mitić (1939) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Elwood Cooke (1940 – 1945) No competition (due to World War II) (1946) Pauline Betz Addie / Budge Patty (1947) Sheila Piercey Summers / Eric Sturgess (1948) Patricia Canning Todd / Jaroslav Drobný (1949) Sheila Piercey Summers / Eric Sturgess (1950) Barbara Scofield Davidson / Enrique Morea (1951) Doris Hart / Frank Sedgman (1952) Doris Hart / Frank Sedgman (1953) Doris Hart / Vic Seixas (1954) Maureen Connolly Brinker / Lew Hoad (1955) Darlene Hard / Gordon Forbes (1956) Thelma Coyne Long / Luis Ayala (1957) Věra Pužejová Suková / Jiří Javorský (1958) Shirley Bloomer Brasher / Nicola Pietrangeli (1959) Yola Ramirez Ochoa / William Knight (1960) Maria Bueno / Bob Howe (1961) Darlene Hard / Rod Laver (1962) Renée Schuurman Haygarth / Bob Howe (1963) Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher (1964) Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher (1965) Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher (1966) Annette Van Zyl / Frew McMillan (1967) Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson U.S. National Championships mixed doubles champions (1892) Mabel Cahill/ Clarence Hobart (1893) Ellen Roosevelt/ Clarence Hobart (1894) Juliette Atkinson/ Edwin P. Fischer (1895) Juliette Atkinson/ Edwin P. Fischer (1896) Juliette Atkinson/ Edwin P. Fischer (1897) Laura Henson/ D.L. Magruder (1898) Carrie Neely/ Edwin P. Fischer (1899) Elizabeth Rastall/ Albert Hoskins (1900) Margaret Hunnewell/ Alfred Codman (1901) Marion Jones/ Raymond Little (1902) Elisabeth Moore/ Wylie Grant (1903) Helen Chapman/ Harry Allen (1904) Elisabeth Moore/ Wylie Grant (1905) Augusta Schultz Hobart/ Clarence Hobart (1906) Sarah Coffin/ Edward Dewhurst (1907) May Sayers/ Wallace Johnson (1908) Edith Rotch/ Nathaniel Niles (1909) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman/ Wallace Johnson (1910) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman/ Joseph Carpenter, Jr. (1911) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman/ Wallace Johnson (1912) Mary Browne/ R. Norris Williams (1913) Mary Browne/ Bill Tilden (1914) Mary Browne/ Bill Tilden (1915) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman/ Harry Johnson (1916) Eleonora Sears/ Willis E. Davis (1917) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory/ Irving Wright (1918) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman/ Irving Wright (1919) Marion Jessup/ Vincent Richards (1920) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman/ Wallace Johnson (1921) Mary Browne/ Bill Johnston (1922) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory/ Bill Tilden (1923) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory/ Bill Tilden (1924) Helen Wills Moody/ Vincent Richards (1925) Kathleen McKane Godfree/ John Hawkes (1926) Elizabeth Ryan/ Jean Borotra (1927) Eileen Bennett Whittingstall/ Henri Cochet (1928) Helen Wills Moody/ John Hawkes (1929) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker/ George Lott (1930) Edith Cross/ Wilmer Allison (1931) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker/ George Lott (1932) Sarah Palfrey Cooke/ Fred Perry (1933) Elizabeth Ryan/ Ellsworth Vines (1934) Helen Jacobs/ George Lott (1935) Sarah Palfrey Cooke/ Enrique Maier (1936) Alice Marble/ Gene Mako (1937) Sarah Palfrey Cooke/ Don Budge (1938) Alice Marble/ Don Budge (1939) Alice Marble/ Harry Hopman (1940) Alice Marble/ Bobby Riggs (1941) Sarah Palfrey Cooke/ Jack Kramer (1942) Louise Brough Clapp/ Ted Schroeder (1943) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Bill Talbert (1944) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Bill Talbert (1945) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Bill Talbert (1946) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Bill Talbert (1947) Louise Brough Clapp/ John Bromwich (1948) Louise Brough Clapp/ Tom Brown (1949) Louise Brough Clapp/ Eric Sturgess (1950) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Ken McGregor (1951) Doris Hart/ Frank Sedgman (1952) Doris Hart/ Frank Sedgman (1953) Doris Hart/ Vic Seixas (1954) Doris Hart/ Vic Seixas (1955) Doris Hart/ Vic Seixas (1956) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Ken Rosewall (1957) Althea Gibson/ Kurt Nielsen (1958) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Neale Fraser (1959) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Neale Fraser (1960) Margaret Osborne duPont/ Neale Fraser (1961) Margaret Court/ Bob Mark (1962) Margaret Court/ Fred Stolle (1963) Margaret Court/ Ken Fletcher (1964) Margaret Court/ John Newcombe (1965) Margaret Court/ Fred Stolle (1966) Donna Floyd Fales/ Owen Davidson (1967) Billie Jean King/ Owen Davidson French Open women's singles champions (1968) Nancy Richey (1969) Margaret Court (1970) Margaret Court (1971) Evonne Goolagong (1972) Billie Jean King (1973) Margaret Court (1974) Chris Evert (1975) Chris Evert (1976) Sue Barker (1977) Mima Jaušovec (1978) Virginia Ruzici (1979) Chris Evert (1980) Chris Evert (1981) Hana Mandlíková (1982) Martina Navratilova (1983) Chris Evert (1984) Martina Navratilova (1985) Chris Evert (1986) Chris Evert (1987) Steffi Graf (1988) Steffi Graf (1989) Arantxa Sánchez (1990) Monica Seles (1991) Monica Seles (1992) Monica Seles (1993) Steffi Graf (1994) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1995) Steffi Graf (1996) Steffi Graf (1997) Iva Majoli (1998) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1999) Steffi Graf (2000) Mary Pierce (2001) Jennifer Capriati (2002) Serena Williams (2003) Justine Henin (2004) Anastasia Myskina (2005) Justine Henin (2006) Justine Henin (2007) Justine Henin (2008) Ana Ivanovic (2009) Svetlana Kuznetsova (2010) Francesca Schiavone (2011) Li Na (2012) Maria Sharapova (2013) Serena Williams (2014) Maria Sharapova (2015) Serena Williams Wimbledon (Open era) ladies' singles champions (1968) Billie Jean King (1969) Ann Haydon-Jones (1970) Margaret Court (1971) Evonne Goolagong (1972) Billie Jean King (1973) Billie Jean King (1974) Chris Evert (1975) Billie Jean King (1976) Chris Evert (1977) Virginia Wade (1978) Martina Navratilova (1979) Martina Navratilova (1980) Evonne Goolagong (1981) Chris Evert (1982) Martina Navratilova (1983) Martina Navratilova (1984) Martina Navratilova (1985) Martina Navratilova (1986) Martina Navratilova (1987) Martina Navratilova (1988) Steffi Graf (1989) Steffi Graf (1990) Martina Navratilova (1991) Steffi Graf (1992) Steffi Graf (1993) Steffi Graf (1994) Conchita Martínez (1995) Steffi Graf (1996) Steffi Graf (1997) Martina Hingis (1998) Jana Novotná (1999) Lindsay Davenport (2000) Venus Williams (2001) Venus Williams (2002) Serena Williams (2003) Serena Williams (2004) Maria Sharapova (2005) Venus Williams (2006) Amélie Mauresmo (2007) Venus Williams (2008) Venus Williams (2009) Serena Williams (2010) Serena Williams (2011) Petra Kvitová (2012) Serena Williams (2013) Marion Bartoli (2014) Petra Kvitová (2015) Serena Williams US Open women's singles champions (1968) Virginia Wade (1969) Margaret Court (1970) Margaret Court (1971) Billie Jean King (1972) Billie Jean King (1973) Margaret Court (1974) Billie Jean King (1975) Chris Evert (1976) Chris Evert (1977) Chris Evert (1978) Chris Evert (1979) Tracy Austin (1980) Chris Evert (1981) Tracy Austin (1982) Chris Evert (1983) Martina Navratilova (1984) Martina Navratilova (1985) Hana Mandlíková (1986) Martina Navratilova (1987) Martina Navratilova (1988) Steffi Graf (1989) Steffi Graf (1990) Gabriela Sabatini (1991) Monica Seles (1992) Monica Seles (1993) Steffi Graf (1994) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1995) Steffi Graf (1996) Steffi Graf (1997) Martina Hingis (1998) Lindsay Davenport (1999) Serena Williams (2000) Venus Williams (2001) Venus Williams (2002) Serena Williams (2003) Justine Henin (2004) Svetlana Kuznetsova (2005) Kim Clijsters (2006) Maria Sharapova (2007) Justine Henin (2008) Serena Williams (2009) Kim Clijsters (2010) Kim Clijsters (2011) Samantha Stosur (2012) Serena Williams (2013) Serena Williams (2014) Serena Williams (2015) Flavia Pennetta French Open women's doubles champions (1968) Françoise Dürr / Ann Haydon-Jones (1969) Françoise Dürr / Ann Haydon-Jones (1970) Gail Chanfreau / Françoise Dürr (1971) Gail Chanfreau / Françoise Dürr (1972) Billie Jean King / Betty Stöve (1973) Margaret Court / Virginia Wade (1974) Chris Evert / Olga Morozova (1975) Chris Evert / Martina Navratilova (1976) Fiorella Bonicelli / Gail Chanfreau (1977) Regina Maršíková / Pam Teeguarden (1978) Mima Jaušovec / Virginia Ruzici (1979) Betty Stöve / Wendy Turnbull (1980) Kathy Jordan / Anne Smith (1981) Rosalyn Fairbank Nideffer / Tanya Harford (1982) Martina Navratilova / Anne Smith (1983) Rosalyn Fairbank Nideffer / Candy Reynolds (1984) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1985) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1986) Martina Navratilova / Andrea Temesvári (1987) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1988) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1989) Larisa Savchenko Neiland / Natalia Zvereva (1990) Jana Novotná / Helena Suková (1991) Gigi Fernández / Jana Novotná (1992) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1993) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1994) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1995) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1996) Lindsay Davenport / Mary Joe Fernández (1997) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1998) Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná (1999) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2000) Martina Hingis / Mary Pierce (2001) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (2002) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (2003) Kim Clijsters / Ai Sugiyama (2004) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (2005) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (2006) Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur (2007) Alicia Molik / Mara Santangelo (2008) Anabel Medina Garrigues / Virginia Ruano Pascual (2009) Anabel Medina Garrigues / Virginia Ruano Pascual (2010) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2011) Andrea Hlaváčková / Lucie Hradecká (2012) Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci (2013) Ekaterina Makarova / Elena Vesnina (2014) Hsieh Su-wei / Peng Shuai (2015) Bethanie Mattek-Sands / Lucie Šafářová Wimbledon (Open Era) ladies' doubles champions (1968) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King (1969) Margaret Court / Judy Tegart Dalton (1970) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King (1971) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King (1972) Billie Jean King / Betty Stöve (1973) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King (1974) Evonne Goolagong Cawley / Peggy Michel (1975) Ann Kiyomura / Kazuko Sawamatsu (1976) Chris Evert / Martina Navratilova (1977) Helen Gourlay Cawley / JoAnne Russell (1978) Kerry Melville Reid / Wendy Turnbull (1979) Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova (1980) Kathy Jordan / Anne Smith (1981) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1982) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1983) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1984) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1985) Kathy Jordan / Elizabeth Sayers Smylie (1986) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1987) Claudia Kohde-Kilsch / Helena Suková (1988) Steffi Graf / Gabriela Sabatini (1989) Jana Novotná / Helena Suková (1990) Jana Novotná / Helena Suková (1991) Larisa Savchenko Neiland / Natalia Zvereva (1992) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1993) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1994) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1995) Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1996) Martina Hingis / Helena Suková (1997) Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva (1998) Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná (1999) Lindsay Davenport / Corina Morariu (2000) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2001) Lisa Raymond / Rennae Stubbs (2002) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2003) Kim Clijsters / Ai Sugiyama (2004) Cara Black / Rennae Stubbs (2005) Cara Black / Liezel Huber (2006) Yan Zi / Zheng Jie (2007) Cara Black / Liezel Huber (2008) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2009) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2010) Vania King / Yaroslava Shvedova (2011) Květa Peschke / Katarina Srebotnik (2012) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2013) Hsieh Su-wei / Peng Shuai (2014) Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci (2015) Martina Hingis / Sania Mirza US Open women's doubles champions (1968) Maria Bueno / Margaret Court (1969) Françoise Dürr / Darlene Hard (1970) Margaret Court / Judy Tegart Dalton (1971) Rosemary Casals / Judy Tegart Dalton (1972) Françoise Dürr / Betty Stöve (1973) Margaret Court / Virginia Wade (1974) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King (1975) Margaret Court / Virginia Wade (1976) Delina Boshoff / Ilana Kloss (1977) Martina Navratilova / Betty Stöve (1978) Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova (1979) Betty Stöve / Wendy Turnbull (1980) Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova (1981) Kathy Jordan / Anne Smith (1982) Rosemary Casals / Wendy Turnbull (1983) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1984) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1985) Claudia Kohde-Kilsch / Helena Suková (1986) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1987) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1988) Gigi Fernández / Robin White (1989) Hana Mandlíková / Martina Navratilova (1990) Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova (1991) Pam Shriver / Natalia Zvereva (1992) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1993) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková (1994) Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1995) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1996) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1997) Lindsay Davenport / Jana Novotná (1998) Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná (1999) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2000) Julie Halard-Decugis / Ai Sugiyama (2001) Lisa Raymond / Rennae Stubbs (2002) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (2003) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (2004) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (2005) Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur (2006) Nathalie Dechy / Vera Zvonareva (2007) Nathalie Dechy / Dinara Safina (2008) Cara Black / Liezel Huber (2009) Serena Williams / Venus Williams (2010) Vania King / Yaroslava Shvedova (2011) Liezel Huber / Lisa Raymond (2012) Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci (2013) Andrea Hlaváčková / Lucie Hradecká (2014) Ekaterina Makarova / Elena Vesnina (2015) Martina Hingis / Sania Mirza French Open mixed doubles champions (1968) Françoise Dürr / Jean-Claude Barclay (1969) Margaret Court / Marty Riessen (1970) Billie Jean King / Bob Hewitt (1971) Françoise Dürr / Jean-Claude Barclay (1972) Evonne Goolagong Cawley / Kim Warwick (1973) Françoise Dürr / Jean-Claude Barclay (1974) Martina Navrátilová / Iván Molina (1975) Fiorella Bonicelli / Thomas Koch (1976) Ilana Kloss / Kim Warwick (1977) Mary Carillo / John McEnroe (1978) Renáta Tomanová / Pavel Složil (1979) Wendy Turnbull / Bob Hewitt (1980) Anne Smith / Billy Martin (1981) Andrea Jaeger / Jimmy Arias (1982) Wendy Turnbull / John Lloyd (1983) Barbara Jordan / Eliot Teltscher (1984) Anne Smith / Dick Stockton (1985) Martina Navrátilová / Heinz Günthardt (1986) Kathy Jordan / Ken Flach (1987) Pam Shriver / Emilio Sánchez Vicario (1988) Lori McNeil / Jorge Lozano (1989) Manon Bollegraf / Tom Nijssen (1990) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Jorge Lozano (1991) Helena Suková / Cyril Suk (1992) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Mark Woodforde (1993) Eugenia Maniokova / Andrei Olhovskiy (1994) Kristie Boogert / Menno Oosting (1995) Larisa Neiland / Todd Woodbridge (1996) Patricia Tarabini / Javier Frana (1997) Rika Hiraki / Mahesh Bhupathi (1998) Venus Williams / Justin Gimelstob (1999) Katarina Srebotnik / Piet Norval (2000) Mariaan de Swardt / David Adams (2001) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Tomas Carbonell (2002) Cara Black / Wayne Black (2003) Lisa Raymond / Mike Bryan (2004) Tatiana Golovin / Richard Gasquet (2005) Daniela Hantuchová / Fabrice Santoro (2006) Katarina Srebotnik / Nenad Zimonjić (2007) Nathalie Dechy / Andy Ram (2008) Victoria Azarenka / Bob Bryan (2009) Liezel Huber / Bob Bryan (2010) Katarina Srebotnik / Nenad Zimonjić (2011) Casey Dellacqua / Scott Lipsky (2012) Sania Mirza / Mahesh Bhupathi (2013) Lucie Hradecká / František Čermák (2014) Anna-Lena Grönefeld / Jean-Julien Rojer (2015) Bethanie Mattek-Sands / Mike Bryan Wimbledon (Open Era) mixed doubles champions (1968) Ken Fletcher / Margaret Court (1969) Fred Stolle / Ann Haydon-Jones (1970) Ilie Năstase / Rosemary Casals (1971) Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King (1972) Ilie Năstase / Rosemary Casals (1973) Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King (1974) Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King (1975) Marty Riessen / Margaret Court (1976) Tony Roche / Françoise Dürr (1977) Bob Hewitt / Greer Stevens (1978) Frew McMillan / Betty Stöve (1979) Bob Hewitt / Greer Stevens (1980) John Austin / Tracy Austin (1981) Frew McMillan / Betty Stöve (1982) Kevin Curren / Anne Smith (1983) John Lloyd / Wendy Turnbull (1984) John Lloyd / Wendy Turnbull (1985) Paul McNamee / Martina Navratilova (1986) Ken Flach / Kathy Jordan (1987) Jeremy Bates / Jo Durie (1988) Sherwood Stewart / Zina Garrison (1989) Jim Pugh / Jana Novotná (1990) Rick Leach / Zina Garrison (1991) John Fitzgerald / Elizabeth Sayers Smylie (1992) Cyril Suk / Larisa Savchenko Neiland (1993) Mark Woodforde / Martina Navratilova (1994) Todd Woodbridge / Helena Suková (1995) Jonathan Stark / Martina Navratilova (1996) Cyril Suk / Helena Suková (1997) Cyril Suk / Helena Suková (1998) Max Mirnyi / Serena Williams (1999) Leander Paes / Lisa Raymond (2000) Donald Johnson / Kimberly Po (2001) Leoš Friedl / Daniela Hantuchová (2002) Mahesh Bhupathi / Elena Likhovtseva (2003) Leander Paes / Martina Navratilova (2004) Wayne Black / Cara Black (2005) Mahesh Bhupathi / Mary Pierce (2006) Andy Ram / Vera Zvonareva (2007) Jamie Murray / Jelena Janković (2008) Bob Bryan / Samantha Stosur (2009) Mark Knowles / Anna-Lena Grönefeld (2010) Leander Paes / Cara Black (2011) Jürgen Melzer / Iveta Benešová (2012) Mike Bryan / Lisa Raymond (2013) Daniel Nestor / Kristina Mladenovic (2014) Nenad Zimonjić / Samantha Stosur (2015) Leander Paes / Martina Hingis US Open mixed doubles champions (1968) Mary Ann Eisel / Peter Curtis (1969) Margaret Court / Marty Riessen (1970) Margaret Court / Marty Riessen (1971) Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson (1972) Margaret Court / Marty Riessen (1973) Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson (1974) Pam Teeguarden / Geoff Masters (1975) Rosemary Casals / Dick Stockton (1976) Billie Jean King / Phil Dent (1977) Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan (1978) Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan (1979) Greer Stevens / Bob Hewitt (1980) Wendy Turnbull / Marty Riessen (1981) Anne Smith / Kevin Curren (1982) Anne Smith / Kevin Curren (1983) Elizabeth Sayers Smylie / John Fitzgerald (1984) Manuela Maleeva / Tom Gullikson (1985) Martina Navrátilová / Heinz Günthardt (1986) Raffaella Reggi / Sergio Casal (1987) Martina Navrátilová / Emilio Sánchez Vicario (1988) Jana Novotná / Jim Pugh (1989) Robin White / Shelby Cannon (1990) Elizabeth Sayers Smylie / Todd Woodbridge (1991) Manon Bollegraf / Tom Nijssen (1992) Nicole Provis / Mark Woodforde (1993) Helena Suková / Todd Woodbridge (1994) Elna Reinach / Patrick Galbraith (1995) Meredith McGrath / Matt Lucena (1996) Lisa Raymond / Patrick Galbraith (1997) Manon Bollegraf / Rick Leach (1998) Serena Williams / Max Mirnyi (1999) Ai Sugiyama / Mahesh Bhupathi (2000) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Jared Palmer (2001) Rennae Stubbs / Todd Woodbridge (2002) Lisa Raymond / Mike Bryan (2003) Katarina Srebotnik / Bob Bryan (2004) Vera Zvonareva / Bob Bryan (2005) Daniela Hantuchová / Mahesh Bhupathi (2006) Martina Navrátilová / Bob Bryan (2007) Victoria Azarenka / Max Mirnyi (2008) Cara Black / Leander Paes (2009) Carly Gullickson / Travis Parrott (2010) Liezel Huber / Bob Bryan (2011) Melanie Oudin / Jack Sock (2012) Ekaterina Makarova / Bruno Soares (2013) Andrea Hlaváčková / Max Mirnyi (2014) Sania Mirza / Bruno Soares (2015) Martina Hingis / Leander Paes Tennis players who have completed the Grand Slam or career Grand Slam in singles and/or doubles   Grand Slam (men's singles) 1938: Don Budge 1962: Rod Laver 1969: Rod Laver   Grand Slam (women's singles) 1953: Maureen Connolly 1970: Margaret Court 1988: Steffi Graf   Grand Slam (men's doubles) 1951: Ken McGregor/ Frank Sedgman   Grand Slam (women's doubles) 1960: Maria Bueno 1984: Martina Navratilova/ Pam Shriver 1998: Martina Hingis   Grand Slam (mixed doubles) 1963: Margaret Court/ Ken Fletcher 1965: Margaret Court 1967: Owen Davidson   Career (men's singles) 1933-34-35: Fred Perry 1937-38: Don Budge 1960-61-62: Rod Laver 1961-63-64: Roy Emerson 1992-94-95-99: Andre Agassi 2003-04-09: Roger Federer 2005-08-09-10: Rafael Nadal   Career (women's singles) 1951-52-53: Maureen Connolly 1949-50-51-54: Doris Hart 1951-56-57: Shirley Fry Irvin 1960-62-63: Margaret Court 1966-67-68-72: Billie Jean King 1974-75-82: Chris Evert 1978-81-82-83: Martina Navratilova 1987-88: Steffi Graf 1999-2002-03: Serena Williams 2004-06-08-12: Maria Sharapova   Career (men's doubles) 1935-36-39: Adrian Quist 1948-50-51 Frank Sedgman 1951: Ken McGregor 1953–56: Lew Hoad/ Ken Rosewall 1957-58-59: Neale Fraser 1959-60-62: Roy Emerson 1965–67: John Newcombe/ Tony Roche 1962-64-67-77: Bob Hewitt 1982-84-86-89: John Fitzgerald 1983-87-89: Anders Järryd 1994-95-98: Jacco Eltingh/ Paul Haarhuis 1989-92–93-2000: Mark Woodforde 1992–93-95-2000: Todd Woodbridge 1998-2002-03-05: Jonas Björkman 2003-05-06: Bob Bryan/ Mike Bryan 2002-04-07-08: Daniel Nestor 1999-2006-12: Leander Paes   Career (women's doubles) 1942-46-50: Louise Brough Clapp 1947-48-50-51: Doris Hart 1950-51-57: Shirley Fry Irvin 1956–1957: Althea Gibson 1958–60: Maria Bueno 1961–64: Lesley Turner Bowrey 1961-63-64: Margaret Court 1964-66-69-70: Judy Tegart Dalton 1980–81: Kathy Jordan/ Anne Smith 1975-76-77-80: / Martina Navratilova 1981-82-83-84: Pam Shriver 1989-90-93: Helena Suková 1988–90-91-92: Gigi Fernández 1989-90-91-93: Natasha Zvereva 1989-90-94: Jana Novotná 1996-97-98: Martina Hingis 1999-2000-01: Serena Williams/ Venus Williams 2000-01-06: Lisa Raymond 2012-13-14: Sara Errani/ Roberta Vinci   Career (mixed doubles) 1925-26-27-28 Jean Borotra 1949–51: Doris Hart/ Frank Sedgman 1961-1963: Margaret Court 1962-1963: Ken Fletcher 1965-66-67: Owen Davidson 1967–68: Billie Jean King 1969–75: Marty Riessen 1961-70-77-79: Bob Hewitt 1992–93: Mark Woodforde 1990-93-94-95: Todd Woodbridge 1974-85-2003: Martina Navratilova 2001-02-05: Daniela Hantuchová 1997-99-2005-06: Mahesh Bhupathi 2002-04-08-10: Cara Black Female tennis players who have won 3 or more Grand Slam singles titles in one year 1928–29: Helen Wills Moody (3) 1953: Maureen Connolly Brinker (4) 1962–65–69–70–73: Margaret Court (3–3–3–4–3) 1972: Billie Jean King (3) 1983–84: Martina Navratilova (3) 1988–89–93–95–96: Steffi Graf (4–3–3–3–3) 1991–92: Monica Seles (3) 1997: Martina Hingis (3) 2002–15: Serena Williams (3)

Billie Jean King achievements WTA Year-end championships winners doubles (1972) not held (1973) Rosemary Casals / Margaret Court (1974) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King (1975) Margaret Court / Virginia Wade (1976) not held (1977) Martina Navratilova / Betty Stöve (1978) not held (1979) Françoise Dürr / Betty Stöve (1980) Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova (1981) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1982) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1983) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1984) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1985) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1986 (1)) Hana Mandlíková / Wendy Turnbull (1986 (2)) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1987) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1988) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1989) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1990) Kathy Jordan / Elizabeth Smylie (1991) Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (1992) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková (1993) Gigi Fernández / Natalia Zvereva (1994) Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva (1995) Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1996) Lindsay Davenport / Mary Joe Fernández (1997) Lindsay Davenport / Jana Novotná (1998) Lindsay Davenport / Natasha Zvereva (1999) Martina Hingis / Anna Kournikova (2000) Martina Hingis / Anna Kournikova (2001) Lisa Raymond / Rennae Stubbs (2002) Elena Dementieva / Janette Husárová (2003) Virginia Ruano Pascual / Paola Suárez (2004) Nadia Petrova / Meghann Shaughnessy (2005) Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur (2006) Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur (2007) Cara Black / Liezel Huber (2008) Cara Black / Liezel Huber (2009) Nuria Llagostera Vives / María José Martínez Sánchez (2010) Gisela Dulko / Flavia Pennetta (2011) Liezel Huber / Lisa Raymond (2012) Maria Kirilenko / Nadia Petrova (2013) Hsieh Su-wei / Peng Shuai (2014) Cara Black / Sania Mirza (2015) Martina Hingis / Sania Mirza Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year 1954: Roger Bannister 1955: Johnny Podres 1956: Bobby Morrow 1957: Stan Musial 1958: Rafer Johnson 1959: Ingemar Johansson 1960: Arnold Palmer 1961: Jerry Lucas 1962: Terry Baker 1963: Pete Rozelle 1964: Ken Venturi 1965: Sandy Koufax 1966: Jim Ryun 1967: Carl Yastrzemski 1968: Bill Russell 1969: Tom Seaver 1970: Bobby Orr 1971: Lee Trevino 1972: Billie Jean King & John Wooden 1973: Jackie Stewart 1974: Muhammad Ali 1975: Pete Rose 1976: Chris Evert 1977: Steve Cauthen 1978: Jack Nicklaus 1979: Terry Bradshaw & Willie Stargell 1980: U.S. Olympic Hockey Team 1981: Sugar Ray Leonard 1982: Wayne Gretzky 1983: Mary Decker 1984: Edwin Moses & Mary Lou Retton 1985: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 1986: Joe Paterno 1987: Bob Bourne, Judi Brown King, Kipchoge Keino, Dale Murphy, Chip Rives, Patty Sheehan, Rory Sparrow, & Reggie Williams 1988: Orel Hershiser 1989: Greg LeMond 1990: Joe Montana 1991: Michael Jordan 1992: Arthur Ashe 1993: Don Shula 1994: Bonnie Blair & Johann Olav Koss 1995: Cal Ripken, Jr. 1996: Tiger Woods 1997: Dean Smith 1998: Mark McGwire & Sammy Sosa 1999: U.S. Women's Soccer Team 2000: Tiger Woods 2001: Curt Schilling & Randy Johnson 2002: Lance Armstrong 2003: David Robinson & Tim Duncan 2004: Boston Red Sox 2005: Tom Brady 2006: Dwyane Wade 2007: Brett Favre 2008: Michael Phelps 2009: Derek Jeter 2010: Drew Brees 2011: Mike Krzyzewski & Pat Summitt 2012: LeBron James 2013: Peyton Manning 2014: Madison Bumgarner 2015: Serena Williams Time Persons of the Year Mohammad Mosaddegh (1951) Elizabeth II (1952) Konrad Adenauer (1953) John Foster Dulles (1954) Harlow Curtice (1955) Hungarian Freedom Fighter (1956) Nikita Khrushchev (1957) Charles de Gaulle (1958) Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959) U.S. Scientists (1960) John F. Kennedy (1961) Pope John XXIII (1962) Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963) Lyndon B. Johnson (1964) William Westmoreland (1965) "The Inheritors" (1966) Lyndon B. Johnson (1967) The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968) The Middle Americans (1969) Willy Brandt (1970) Richard Nixon (1971) Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972) John Sirica (1973) King Faisal (1974) American Women (1975) Complete roster 1927–1950 1951–1975 1976–2000 2001–present Inductees to the National Women's Hall of Fame   1970–1979 1973 Jane Addams Marian Anderson Susan B. Anthony Clara Barton Mary McLeod Bethune Elizabeth Blackwell Pearl S. Buck Rachel Carson Mary Cassatt Emily Dickinson Amelia Earhart Alice Hamilton Helen Hayes Helen Keller Eleanor Roosevelt Florence Sabin Margaret Chase Smith Elizabeth Cady Stanton Helen Brooke Taussig Harriet Tubman 1976 Abigail Adams Margaret Mead Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias 1979 Dorothea Dix Juliette Gordon Low Alice Paul Elizabeth Bayley Seton   1980–1989 1981 Margaret Sanger Sojourner Truth 1982 Carrie Chapman Catt Frances Perkins 1983 Belva Lockwood Lucretia Mott 1984 Mary "Mother" Harris Jones Bessie Smith 1986 Barbara McClintock Lucy Stone Harriet Beecher Stowe 1988 Gwendolyn Brooks Willa Cather Sally Ride Ida B. Wells-Barnett   1990–1999 1990 Margaret Bourke-White Barbara Jordan Billie Jean King Florence B. Seibert 1991 Gertrude Belle Elion 1993 Ethel Percy Andrus Antoinette Blackwell Emily Blackwell Shirley Chisholm Jacqueline Cochran Ruth Colvin Marian Wright Edelman Alice Evans Betty Friedan Ella Grasso Martha Wright Griffiths Fannie Lou Hamer Dorothy Height Dolores Huerta Mary Jacobi Mae Jemison Mary Lyon Mary Mahoney Wilma Mankiller Constance Baker Motley Georgia O'Keeffe Annie Oakley Rosa Parks Esther Peterson Jeannette Rankin Ellen Swallow Richards Elaine Roulet Katherine Siva Saubel Gloria Steinem Helen Stephens Lillian Wald Madam C. J. Walker Faye Wattleton Rosalyn S. Yalow Gloria Yerkovich 1994 Bella Abzug Ella Baker Myra Bradwell Annie Jump Cannon Jane Cunningham Croly Catherine East Geraldine Ferraro Charlotte Perkins Gilman Grace Hopper Helen LaKelly Hunt Zora Neale Hurston Anne Hutchinson Frances Wisebart Jacobs Susette La Flesche Louise McManus Maria Mitchell Antonia Novello Linda Richards Wilma Rudolph Betty Bone Schiess Muriel Siebert Nettie Stevens Oprah Winfrey Sarah Winnemucca Fanny Wright 1995 Virginia Apgar Ann Bancroft Amelia Bloomer Mary Breckinridge Eileen Collins Elizabeth Hanford Dole Anne Dallas Dudley Mary Baker Eddy Ella Fitzgerald Margaret Fuller Matilda Joslyn Gage Lillian Moller Gilbreth Nannerl O. Keohane Maggie Kuhn Sandra Day O'Connor Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin Patricia Schroeder Hannah Greenebaum Solomon 1996 Louisa May Alcott Charlotte Anne Bunch Frances Xavier Cabrini Mary A. Hallaren Oveta Culp Hobby Wilhelmina Cole Holladay Anne Morrow Lindbergh Maria Goeppert-Mayer Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose Maria Tallchief Edith Wharton 1998 Madeleine Albright Maya Angelou Nellie Bly Lydia Moss Bradley Mary Steichen Calderone Mary Ann Shadd Cary Joan Ganz Cooney Gerty Cori Sarah Grimké Julia Ward Howe Shirley Ann Jackson Shannon Lucid Katharine Dexter McCormick Rozanne L. Ridgway Edith Nourse Rogers Felice Schwartz Eunice Kennedy Shriver Beverly Sills Florence Wald Angelina Grimké Weld Chien-Shiung Wu   2000–2009 2000 Faye Glenn Abdellah Emma Smith DeVoe Marjory Stoneman Douglas Mary Dyer Sylvia A. Earle Crystal Eastman Jeanne Holm Leontine T. Kelly Frances Oldham Kelsey Kate Mullany Janet Reno Anna Howard Shaw Sophia Smith Ida Tarbell Wilma L. Vaught Mary Edwards Walker Annie Dodge Wauneka Eudora Welty Frances E. Willard 2001 Dorothy H. Andersen Lucille Ball Rosalynn Carter Lydia Maria Child Bessie Coleman Dorothy Day Marian de Forest Althea Gibson Beatrice A. Hicks Barbara Holdridge Harriet Williams Russell Strong Emily Howell Warner Victoria Woodhull 2002 Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis Ruth Bader Ginsburg Katharine Graham Bertha Holt Mary Engle Pennington Mercy Otis Warren 2003 Linda G. Alvarado Donna de Varona Gertrude Ederle Martha Matilda Harper Patricia Roberts Harris Stephanie L. Kwolek Dorothea Lange Mildred Robbins Leet Patsy Takemoto Mink Sacagawea Anne Sullivan Sheila E. Widnall 2005 Florence Ellinwood Allen Ruth Fulton Benedict Betty Bumpers Hillary Clinton Rita Rossi Colwell Mother Marianne Cope Maya Y. Lin Patricia A. Locke Blanche Stuart Scott Mary Burnett Talbert 2007 Eleanor K. Baum Julia Child Martha Coffin Pelham Wright Swanee Hunt Winona LaDuke Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Judith L. Pipher Catherine Filene Shouse Henrietta Szold 2009 Louise Bourgeois Mildred Cohn Karen DeCrow Susan Kelly-Dreiss Allie B. Latimer Emma Lazarus Ruth Patrick Rebecca Talbot Perkins Susan Solomon Kate Stoneman   2010–2019 2011 St. Katharine Drexel Dorothy Harrison Eustis Loretta C. Ford Abby Kelley Foster Helen Murray Free Billie Holiday Coretta Scott King Lilly Ledbetter Barbara A. Mikulski Donna E. Shalala Kathrine Switzer 2013 Betty Ford Ina May Gaskin Julie Krone Kate Millett Nancy Pelosi Mary Joseph Rogers Bernice Sandler Anna Schwartz Emma Willard 2015 Tenley Albright Nancy Brinker Martha Graham Marcia Greenberger Barbara Iglewski Jean Kilbourne Carlotta Walls LaNier Philippa Marrack Mary Harriman Rumsey Eleanor Smeal Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year 1931: Helene Madison 1932: Babe Didrikson Zaharias 1933: Helen Jacobs 1934: Virginia Van Wie 1935: Helen Wills 1936: Helen Stephens 1937: Katherine Rawls 1938: Patty Berg 1939: Alice Marble 1940: Alice Marble 1941: Betty Hicks 1942: Gloria Callen 1943: Patty Berg 1944: Ann Curtis 1945: Babe Didrikson Zaharias 1946: Babe Didrikson Zaharias 1947: Babe Didrikson Zaharias 1948: Fanny Blankers-Koen 1949: Marlene Hagge 1950: Babe Didrikson Zaharias 1951: Maureen Connolly 1952: Maureen Connolly 1953: Maureen Connolly 1954: Babe Didrikson Zaharias 1955: Patty Berg 1956: Pat McCormick 1957: Althea Gibson 1958: Althea Gibson 1959: Maria Bueno 1960: Wilma Rudolph 1961: Wilma Rudolph 1962: Dawn Fraser 1963: Mickey Wright 1964: Mickey Wright 1965: Kathy Whitworth 1966: Kathy Whitworth 1967: Billie Jean King 1968: Peggy Fleming 1969: Debbie Meyer 1970: Chi Cheng 1971: Evonne Goolagong 1972: Olga Korbut 1973: Billie Jean King 1974: Chris Evert 1975: Chris Evert 1976: Nadia Comăneci 1977: Chris Evert 1978: Nancy Lopez 1979: Tracy Austin 1980: Chris Evert 1981: Tracy Austin 1982: Mary Decker 1983: Martina Navratilova 1984: Mary Lou Retton 1985: Nancy Lopez 1986: Martina Navratilova 1987: Jackie Joyner-Kersee 1988: Florence Griffith-Joyner 1989: Steffi Graf 1990: Beth Daniel 1991: Monica Seles 1992: Monica Seles 1993: Sheryl Swoopes 1994: Bonnie Blair 1995: Rebecca Lobo 1996: Amy Van Dyken 1997: Martina Hingis 1998: Pak Se-ri 1999: United States women's national soccer team 2000: Marion Jones 2001: Jennifer Capriati 2002: Serena Williams 2003: Annika Sörenstam 2004: Annika Sörenstam 2005: Annika Sörenstam 2006: Lorena Ochoa 2007: Lorena Ochoa 2008: Candace Parker 2009: Serena Williams 2010: Lindsey Vonn 2011: Abby Wambach 2012: Gabby Douglas 2013: Serena Williams 2014: Mo'ne Davis 2015: Serena Williams Arthur Ashe Courage Award winners Named after Arthur Ashe 1993: Valvano 1994: Palermo 1995: Cosell 1996: Claiborne 1997: Ali 1998: D. Smith 1999: King 2000: Sanders 2001: Freeman 2002: Flight 93 Passengers Beamer Bingham Burnett Glick 2003: Pat & Kevin Tillman 2004: Weah 2005: MacLearen & Yeboah 2006: Ahmad & Kohestani 2007: Cullen & Ringland 2008: Carlos & T. Smith 2009: Mandela 2010: Family of Ed Thomas 2011: Bozella 2012: Summitt 2013: Roberts 2014: Sam 2015: Jenner Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame   1990–99 1991 Ortez Alderson (posthumous) Jon-Henri Damski James W. Flint Gay Chicago Renee C. Hanover Howard Brown Health Center Judith S. Johns Carol A. Johnson William B. Kelley Marie J. Kuda Chuck Renslow Adrienne J. Smith Max C. Smith Richard B. Turner 1992 Gary Chichester Ann Christophersen Thom Dombkowski Henry Gerber (posthumous) Richard Lee Gray Vernita Gray Peg Grey Pearl M. Hart (posthumous) Horizons Community Services Harley McMillen Scott McPherson Metropolitan Sports Association Dom Orejudos (posthumous) Mary D. Powers Daniel Sotomayor (posthumous) Valerie Taylor 1993 Ad Hoc Committee of Proud Black Lesbians and Gays Robert Sloane Basker E. Kitch Childs (Posthumous) Jerrold Cohen (posthumous) Robert T. Ford Richard Garrin Jeff Graubart-Cervone Joel Hall Nancy Lanoue Sid L. Mohn Mountain Moving Coffeehouse Kathy Osterman (posthumous) Richard W. Pfeiffer Linda S. Rodgers Ron Sable Bruce C. Scott Marge Summit Joanne E. Trapani Al Wardell 1994 Robert J. Adams Tracy Baim George S. Buse James A. Bussen Lori Cannon John Chester Chicago House and Social Service Agency Samuel F. Davis, Jr. (posthumous) Adrienne J. Goodman Earnest E. Hite, Jr. Bruce Koff Ellis B. Levin Lionheart Gay Theatre Company Open Hand Chicago Gregory A. Sprague (posthumous) Elizabeth E. Tocci Steven F. Wakefield 1995 Caryn Berman Samson Chan (posthumous) T. Chris Cothran Sarah Craig (posthumous) Frontrunners Frontwalkers Chicago Jean V. Hardisty Nick Kelly Dawn Clark Netsch José Pena Queer Nation Chicago David B. Sindt (posthumous) Armando L. Smith James Monroe Smith Tom Tunney Yvonne Zipter 1996 Jacqueline Anderson Bailiwick Repertory's Pride Series Jack Delaney Gerber/Hart Library and Archives Arlene Halko Greg Harris Frankie Knuckles Tony Midnite Mary Morten Ifti Nasim Charlotte Newfeld Norm Sloan Tiffani St. Cloud 1997 Toni Armstrong, Jr. Miguel Ayala Roger Chaffin James C. Darby Dignity Chicago Ida Greathouse (posthumous) John Hammell (posthumous) Rick Karlin Corinne J. Kawecki Larry McKeon David G. Ostrow Mary Ann Smith 1998 Carrie Barnett Thomas Chiola Laurie J. Dittman Jeannette Howard Foster (posthumous) Jorjet Harper Arthur L. Johnston Ira H. Jones (posthumous) Clifford P. Kelley Dorothy Klefstad LesBiGay Radio Renae Ogletree Dean Robert Ogren Victor A. Salvo, Jr. Modesto "Tico" Valle Luule Vess 1999 Ava Allen John J. Balester David Brian Bell (posthumous) Randy Duncan Rick Garcia Lorraine Hansberry (posthumous) Derrick Allen Hicks Billie Jean King Lesbian Community Cancer Project Adrene Perom Norman L. Sandfield Gregg Shapiro Jesse White Phill Wilson   2000–09 2000 ACT UP/Chicago Association of Latin Men for Action Lorrainne Sade Baskerville Henry Blake Fuller Chicago Chapter of GLSEN Phil A. Hannema Sarah Hoagland Nancy J. Katz Danny Kopelson Patricia S. McCombs Helen Shiller Rene A. Van Hulle, Jr. Israel Wright 2001 Lora Branch Robert Castillo Chicago Gay Men's Chorus Keith Elliott Sara Feigenholtz Frank Goley (posthumous) and Robert Maddox Chuck Hyde Antonio David Jimenez Michael A. Leppen Ellen A. Meyers Kathryn Munzer Studs Terkel 2002 Affinity Community Services Evette Cardona C. C. Carter Jim Gates Louis I. Lang Mattachine Midwest NAMES Project Chicago Chapter Charles Edward Nelson II Mona Noriega Christina Smith Lauren Sugerman 2003 Angel Abcede About Face Theatre AIDS Legal Council of Chicago Buddies' Restaurant and Bar Tania Callaway (posthumous) Armand R. Cerbone Chicago Black Lesbians and Gays R. Sue Connolly Robert Bonvouloir Foster (posthumous) The Graham Family Tonda L. Hughes Patricia M. Logue John Pennycuff Laurence E. Spang Sheron Denise Webb Albert N. Williams 2004 Roger Brown (posthumous) Christopher Clason (posthumous) Charles E. Clifton (posthumous) Frank Galati Ralph Paul Gernhardt Suzanne Marie Kraus Lincoln Park Lagooners Mulryan and York, Attorneys at Law PFLAG/Chicago Julio Rodriguez Nan Schaffer Terri Worman 2005 Alexandra Scott Billings Megan Carney Aldo Castillo John D'Emilio Equality Illinois Merry Mary Mike McHale Jim Pickett Juan Reed Carol Ronen C. Michael Savage (posthumous) Catherine Sikora Lawrence E. Sloan (posthumous) Test Positive Aware Network 2006 Margaret C. Anderson and Jane Heap (posthumous) Congregation Or Chadash Jacques Cristion (posthumous) Richard M. Daley Marigold Bowl Jill M. Metz Charles R. Middleton Edward Negron Laird Petersen Sidetrack Star Gaze Richard M. Uyvari 2007 American Veterans for Equal Rights David Blatt and David Moore Carol Moseley Braun Robbin Burr Chicago Games, Inc.]] Tarrina Dikes Martin Gapshis Jeffrey E. McCour (posthumous) Carlos T. Mock Chilli Pepper A Real Read Karen C. Sendziak Patrick Sheahan Harold Washington (posthumous) Vera Washington 2008 Jane Addams (posthumous) Suzanne Arnold Artemis Singers Kevin G. Boyer Michal Brody Sam Coady Gregory R. Dell Katherine (Kit) Duffy Eddie Dugan (posthumous) Murray Edelman Wanda Lust (posthumous) Joe La Pat (posthumous) Jesus Salgueiro and Art Smith Guy Warner 2009 AIDS Foundation of Chicago Paula Basta Lou Conte Lori A. Cooper Marcia J. Lipetz Amy Maggio Joey McDonald Mike Quigley Frank M. Robinson Jane M. Hussein Saks Zaida Sanabia Patrick Sinozich Marilyn Urso   2010–19 2010 Claudia Allen American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois Asians & Friends – Chicago Chicago History Museum Dan Di Leo (Posthumous) Scot Free Bob Gammie International Mr. Leather E. Patrick Johnson David Ernesto Munar Achy Obejas Paul G. Oostenbrug Jose R. Rios Stan Sloan Mark E. Wojcik 2011 Paul Adams (posthumous) Greg Cameron Antonia Flores (posthumous) Grant Lynn Ford Robert Garofalo Good Shepherd Parish Metropolitan Community Church Ted Grady Marcia Hill Tony Jackson (posthumous) Jenner & Block LLP Owen Keehnen Lakeside Pride Music Ensembles The Night Ministry Brett Shingledecker Jon Simmons (posthumous) 2012 Lois L. Bates (posthumous) Chi-Town Squares Chicago Black Gay Men's Caucus St. Sukie de la Croix Sanford E. Gaylord William W. Greaves Keith R. Green Mark Ishaug David Orr Proud to Run, Chicago Bill Pry Chuck Rodocker Heather C. Sawyer Laura S. Washington Honey West 2013 Gaylon Alcaraz James L. Alexander James L. Bennett Jorge Cestou Rocco J. Claps Rudolph Johnson, Jr. (posthumous) Lambda Legal - Midwest Regional Office Lee A. Newell II Paté Andrew Patner POW-WOW Laura Ricketts Neil Steinberg Burr Tillstrom (posthumous) Brenda Webb David Zak 2014 Gerald Arpino Jennifer Brier Kelly Cassidy Terry Cosgrove Christina Kahrl Edward Mogul Lisa Marie Pickens Debra Shore Ross A. Slotten, M.D. Bennet Williams Out & Proud in Chicago Silk Road Rising Lucretia Clay-Ward Heather A. Steans Clarence N. Wood

Authority control WorldCat VIAF: 91963648 LCCN: n80013088 GND: 128823895 BNF: cb16262991p (data)