Bilabial consonant

Tongue shape

In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips.

Transcription

The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are:

IPA Description Example
Language Orthography IPA Meaning
bilabial nasal English man [mæn] man
voiceless bilabial stop English spin [spɪn] spin
voiced bilabial stop English bed [bɛd] bed
voiceless bilabial fricative Japanese 富士山 (fujisan) [ɸuʑisaɴ] Mount Fuji
voiced bilabial fricative Ewe ɛʋɛ [ɛ̀βɛ̀] Ewe
bilabial approximant Spanish lobo [loβ̞o] wolf
bilabial trill Nias simbi [siʙi] lower jaw
bilabial ejective Adyghe пӀэ [a] meat

ʘ̬
ʘ̃
ʘ̥̃ʰ
ʘ̃ˀ
bilabial click release (many distinct consonants) Nǁng ʘoe [ʘoe] meat

Owere Igbo has a six-way contrast among bilabial stops: [p pʰ ɓ̥ b b̤ ɓ]. Approximately 0.7% of the world's languages lack bilabial consonants altogether; these include Tlingit, Chipewyan, Oneida, and Wichita.[1]

The extensions to the IPA also define a bilabial percussive ([ʬ]) for striking the lips together (smacking the lips). A lip-smack in the non-percussive sense of the lips noisily parting would be [ʬ↓].[2]

The IPA chart shades out bilabial lateral consonants. This is sometimes read as indicating that such sounds are not possible. The fricatives [ɸ] and [β] may in fact often be lateral, but no language makes a distinction for centrality, and the allophony is not noticeable.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Maddieson, Ian. 2008. Absence of Common Consonants. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 18. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/18. Accessed on 2008-09-15.
  2. Heselwood (2013: 121)

General references

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, September 14, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.