For Your Eyes Only (film)

For Your Eyes Only

A graphic, taking up three quarters of the image, on black background with the bottom quarter in red. Above the picture are the words "No one comes close to JAMES BOND 007". The graphic contains a stylised pair of women's legs and buttocks in the foreground: a pair of bikini bottoms cover some of the bottom. The woman wears high heels and is carrying a crossbow in her right hand. In the distance, viewed between her legs, a man in a dinner suit is seen side on, carrying a pistol. In the red, below the graphic, are the words: "Roger Moore as Ian Fleming's James Bond 007 in FOR YOUR EYES ONLY".

British cinema poster for For Your Eyes Only, designed by Bill Gold
Directed by John Glen
Produced by Albert R. Broccoli
Screenplay by Michael G. Wilson
Richard Maibaum
Based on For Your Eyes Only 
by Ian Fleming
Starring Roger Moore
Julian Glover
Carole Bouquet
Chaim Topol
Lynn-Holly Johnson
Music by Bill Conti
Cinematography Alan Hume
Edited by John Grover
Production
company
Distributed by United Artists
Release dates
  • 24 June 1981 (1981-06-24)
Running time
 127 minutes
Country United Kingdom
Language English
Budget $28 million
Box office $194.9 million

For Your Eyes Only (1981) is the twelfth spy film in the James Bond series, and the fifth to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It marked the directorial debut of John Glen, who had worked as editor and second unit director in three other Bond films.

The screenplay by Richard Maibaum and Michael G. Wilson takes its characters and combines elements from the plots from two short stories from Ian Fleming's For Your Eyes Only collection: the title story and "Risico". In the plot, Bond attempts to locate a missile command system while becoming tangled in a web of deception spun by rival Greek businessmen along with Melina Havelock, a woman seeking to avenge the murder of her parents. Some writing elements were inspired by the novels Live and Let Die, Goldfinger and On Her Majesty's Secret Service.

After the science fiction-focused Moonraker, the producers wanted a conscious return to the style of the early Bond films and the works of 007 creator Fleming. For Your Eyes Only followed a grittier, more realistic approach and a narrative theme of revenge and its consequences. Filming locations included Greece, Italy and England, while underwater footage was shot in The Bahamas.

For Your Eyes Only was released on 24 June 1981 to a mixed critical reception; the film was a financial success, generating $195.3 million worldwide. This was the final Bond film to be distributed solely by United Artists; the studio merged with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer soon after this film's release.

Plot

The British spy boat St Georges, which holds the Automatic Targeting Attack Communicator (ATAC), the system used by the Ministry of Defence to communicate with and co-ordinate the Royal Navy's fleet of Polaris submarines, is sunk after accidentally trawling an old naval mine in the Ionian Sea. MI6 agent James Bond, code name "007", is ordered by the Minister of Defence, Sir Frederick Gray and MI6 Chief of Staff, Bill Tanner, to retrieve the ATAC before the Soviets, as the transmitter could order attacks by the submarines' Polaris ballistic missiles.

The head of the KGB, General Gogol has also learnt of the fate of the St Georges and already notified his contact in Greece. A marine archaeologist, Sir Timothy Havelock, who had been asked by the British to secretly locate the St Georges, is murdered with his wife by a Cuban hitman, Hector Gonzales. Bond goes to Spain to find out who hired Gonzales.

While spying on Gonzales' villa, Bond is captured by his men, but manages to escape as Gonzales is killed by an arrow. Outside, he finds the assassin was Melina Havelock, the daughter of Sir Timothy, and the two escape. With the help of Q, Bond identifies a hitman in Gonzales' estate as Emile Leopold Locque, and then goes to Locque's possible base in Italy. There Bond meets his contact, Luigi Ferrara, and a well-connected Greek businessman and intelligence informant, Aris Kristatos, who tells Bond that Locque is employed by Milos Columbo, known as "the Dove" in the Greek underworld, Kristatos' former resistance partner during the Second World War. After Bond goes with Kristatos' protégée, figure skater Bibi Dahl, to a biathlon course, a group of three men, which includes East German biathlete Eric Kriegler, chases Bond, trying to kill him. Bond escapes, and then goes with Ferrara to bid Bibi farewell in an indoor ice rink, where he fends off another attempt on his life by men in ice hockey gear. Ferrara is killed in his car, with a dove pin in his hand. Bond then travels to Corfu in pursuit of Columbo.

There, at the casino, Bond meets with Kristatos and asks how to meet Columbo, not knowing that Columbo's men are secretly recording their conversation. After Columbo and his mistress, Countess Lisl von Schlaf, argue, Bond offers to escort her home with Kristatos' car and driver. The two then spend the night together. In the morning Lisl and Bond are ambushed by Locque and Lisl is killed. Bond is captured by Columbo's men before Locque can kill him; Columbo then tells Bond that Locque was actually hired by Kristatos, who is working for the KGB to retrieve the ATAC. Bond accompanies Columbo and his crew on a raid on one of Kristatos' opium-processing warehouses in Albania, where Bond uncovers naval mines similar to the one that sank the St Georges, suggesting it was not an accident. After the base is destroyed, Bond chases Locque and kills him.

Afterwards, Bond meets with Melina, and they recover the ATAC from the wreckage of the St Georges, but Kristatos is waiting for them when they surface and he takes the ATAC. After the two escape an assassination attempt, they discover Kristatos' rendezvous point when Melina's parrot repeats the phrase "ATAC to St Cyril's". With the help of Columbo and his men, Bond and Melina break into St Cyril's, an abandoned mountaintop monastery. While Bond is climbing, Apostis attacks him, but is killed. As Columbo confronts Kristatos, Bond kills the biathlete Kriegler.

Bond retrieves the ATAC system and stops Melina from killing Kristatos after he surrenders. Kristatos tries to kill Bond with a hidden flick knife, but is killed by a knife thrown by Columbo; Gogol arrives by helicopter to collect the ATAC, but Bond destroys it first. Bond and Melina later spend a romantic evening aboard her father's yacht.

Cast

Production

“ We had gone as far as we could into space. We needed a change of some sort, back to the grass roots of Bond. We wanted to make the new film more of a thriller than a romp, without losing sight of what made Bond famous – its humour. ”
— John Glen[12]

For Your Eyes Only marked a change in the make up of the production crew: John Glen was promoted from his duties as a film editor to director, a position he would occupy for four subsequent films.[13] The transition in directors resulted in a harder-edged directorial style, with less emphasis on gadgetry and large action sequences in huge arenas (as was favoured by Lewis Gilbert).[14] Emphasis was placed on tension, plot and character in addition to a return to Bond's more serious roots,[15] whilst For Your Eyes Only "showed a clear attempt to activate some lapsed and inactive parts of the Bond mythology."[16]

The film was also a deliberate effort to bring the series more back to reality, following the success of Moonraker in 1979.[17] As co-writer Michael G. Wilson pointed out, "If we went through the path of Moonraker things would just get more outlandish, so we needed to get back to basics".[13] To that end, the story that emerged was simpler, not one in which the world was at risk, but returning the series to that of a Cold War thriller;[13] Bond would also rely more on his wits than gadgets to survive.[18] Glen decided to symbolically represent it with a scene where Bond's Lotus blows itself up and forces 007 to rely on Melina's more humble Citroën 2CV.[13] Since Ken Adam was busy with Pennies from Heaven, Peter Lamont, who had worked in the art department since Goldfinger, was promoted to production designer. Following a suggestion of Glen, Lamont created realistic scenery, instead of the elaborate set pieces for which the series had been known.[13]

Writing

Richard Maibaum was once again the scriptwriter for the story, assisted by Michael G. Wilson.[19] According to Wilson, the ideas from stories could have come from anyone as the outlines were worked out in committee that could include Broccoli, Maibaum, Wilson and stunt coordinators.[20] Much of the inspiration for the stories for the film came from two Ian Fleming short stories from the collection For Your Eyes Only: Risico and For Your Eyes Only.[21] Another set-piece from the novel of Live and Let Die – the keelhauling – which was unused in the film of the same name, was also inserted into the plot.[20] Other ideas from Fleming were also used in For Your Eyes Only, such as the Identigraph which comes from the novel Goldfinger, where it was originally called the "Identicast".[22] These elements from Fleming's stories were mixed with a Cold War story centred on the macguffin of the ATAC.[19] An initial treatment for “For Your Eyes Only” was submitted by Ronald Hardy, an English novelist and screenwriter in 1979. Hardy’s treatment included the involvement of a character named Julia Havelock whose parents were assassinated by a man named Gonzales.[23]

For Your Eyes Only is noted for its pre-title sequence, described variously as either "out-of place and disappointing"[19] or "roaringly enjoyable".[24] The scene was shot in order to introduce a potential new Bond to audiences, thus linking the new actor to elements from previous Bond films[20] (see casting, below).

The sequence begins with Bond laying flowers at the grave of his wife Tracy Bond, before a Universal Exports helicopter picks him up for an emergency. Control of the helicopter is taken over by remote control by a bald man in a grey Nehru jacket with a white cat. This character is unnamed in either the film or the credits, although he looks and sounds like Ernst Stavro Blofeld as played by Donald Pleasence or Telly Savalas.[19] Director John Glen referred to the identity of the villain obliquely: "We just let people use their imaginations and draw their own conclusions ... It's a legal thing".[1] The character is deliberately not named due to copyright restrictions with Kevin McClory, who owned the film rights to Thunderball, which supposedly includes the character Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the organisation SPECTRE, and other material associated with the development of Thunderball.[25] Eon disputed McClory's ownership of the Blofeld character, but decided not to use him again: the scene was "a deliberate statement by Broccoli of his lack of need to use the character."[11]

Casting

Roger Moore had originally signed a three-film contract with Eon Productions, which covered his first three appearances up to The Spy Who Loved Me. Subsequent to this, the actor negotiated contracts on a film-by-film basis.[20] Uncertainty surrounding his involvement in For Your Eyes Only led to other actors being considered to take over, including Lewis Collins, known in the UK for his portrayal of Bodie in The Professionals;[26] Michael Billington, who previously appeared in The Spy Who Loved Me as Agent XXX's ill-fated lover, (Billington's screen test for For Your Eyes Only was one of the five occasions he auditioned for the role of Bond)[27] and Michael Jayston, who had appeared as the eponymous spy in the British TV series of Quiller[20] (Jayston eventually played Bond in a BBC Radio production of You Only Live Twice in 1985).[20] Eventually, however, this came to nothing, as Moore signed on to play Bond once again.

Bernard Lee died in January 1981, after filming had started on For Your Eyes Only, but before he could film his scenes as M, the head of MI6, as he had done in the previous eleven films of the series. Out of respect, no new actor was hired to assume the role and, instead, the script was re-written so that the character is said to be on leave, letting Chief of Staff Bill Tanner take over the role as acting head of MI6 and briefing Bond alongside the Minister of Defence.[28]

Chaim Topol was cast following a suggestion by Broccoli's wife Dana, while Julian Glover joined the cast as the producers felt he was stylish – Glover was even considered to play Bond at some point, but Michael G. Wilson stated that "when we first thought of him he was too young, and by the time of For Your Eyes Only he was too old".[13] Carole Bouquet was a suggestion of United Artists publicist Jerry Juroe, and after Glen and Broccoli saw her in That Obscure Object of Desire, they went to Rome to invite Bouquet for the role of Melina.[29]

Filming

A yellow car drives down a grassy road.
A Citroën 2CV 007, similar to the one used in the film.

Production of For Your Eyes Only began on 2 September 1980 in the North Sea, with three days shooting exterior scenes with the St Georges.[13][30] The interiors were shot later in Pinewood Studios, as well as the ship's explosion, which was done with a miniature in Pinewood's tank on the 007 Stage.[31] On 15 September principal photography started on Corfu at the Villa Sylva at Kanoni, above Corfu Town,[17] which acted as the location of the Spanish villa. Many of the local houses were painted white for scenographic reasons.[32] Glen opted to use the local slopes and olive trees for the chase scene between Melina's Citroën 2CV and Gonzales' men driving Peugeot 504s.[29] The scene was shot across twelve days, with stunt driver Rémy Julienne – who would remain in the series up until GoldenEye – driving the Citroën.[33] Four 2CVs were used, with modifications for the stunts – all had more powerful flat-four engines, and one received a special revolving plate on its roof so it could get turned upside down.[34][35][36]

In October filming moved to other Greek locations, including Metéora and the Achilleion.[37] In November, the main unit moved to England, which included interior work in Pinewood, while the second unit shot underwater scenes in The Bahamas. On 1 January 1981, production moved to Cortina D'Ampezzo in Italy, where filming wrapped in February.[13] Since it was not snowing in Cortina D'Ampezzo by the time of filming, the producers had to pay for trucks to bring snow from nearby mountains, which was then dumped in the city's streets.[38]

Many of the underwater scenes, especially involving close-ups of Bond and Melina, were actually faked on a dry soundstage. A combination of lighting effects, slow-motion photography, wind, and bubbles added in post-production, gave the illusion of the actors being underwater.[17] Actress Carole Bouquet reportedly had a pre-existing health condition that prevented her from performing actual underwater stunt work.[13] Actual aquatic scenes were done by a team lead by Al Giddings, who had previously worked on The Deep, and filmed in either Pinewood's tank on the 007 Stage or an underwater set built in the Bahamas. Production designer Peter Lamont and his team developed two working props for the submarine Neptune, as well as a mock-up with a fake bottom.[39]

Roger Moore was reluctant to film the scene of Bond kicking a car, with Locque inside, over the edge of a cliff, saying that it "was Bond-like, but not Roger Moore Bond-like."[13] Michael G. Wilson later said that Moore had to be persuaded to be more ruthless than he felt comfortable.[1] Wilson also added that he and Richard Maibaum, along with John Glen, toyed with other ideas surrounding that scene, but ultimately everyone, even Moore, agreed to do the scene as originally written.[13]

A monastery stands atop a large mountain.
The Monastery of the Holy Trinity in Meteora served as a location

For the Meteora shoots, a Greek bishop was paid to allow filming in the monasteries, but the uninformed Eastern Orthodox monks were mostly critical of production rolling in their installations. After a trial in the Greek Supreme Court, it was decided that the monks' only property were the interiors – the exteriors and surrounding landscapes were from the local government. In protest, the monks remained shut inside the monasteries during the shooting,[13][32] and tried to sabotage production as much as possible, hanging their washing out of their windows[7] and covering the principal monastery with plastic bunting and flags to spoil the shots, and placing oil drums to prevent the film crew from landing helicopters. The production team solved the problem with back lighting, matte paintings, and building both a similar scenographic monastery on a nearby unoccupied rock, and a monastery set in Pinewood.[30]

Roger Moore said he had a great fear of heights, and to do the climbing in Greece, he resorted to moderate drinking to calm his nerves.[13] Later in that same sequence, Rick Sylvester, a stuntman who had previously performed the pre-credits ski jump in The Spy Who Loved Me, undertook the stunt of Bond falling off the side of the cliff.[40] The stunt was dangerous, since the sudden rope jerk at the bottom could be fatal. Special effects supervisor Derek Meddings developed a system that would dampen the stop, but Sylvester recalled that his nerves nearly got the better of him: "From where we were [shooting], you could see the local cemetery; and the box [to stop my fall] looked like a casket. You didn't need to be an English major to connect the dots." The stunt went off without a problem.[13]

Bond veteran cameraman and professional skier Willy Bogner, Jr. was promoted to director of a second unit involving ski footage.[38] Bogner designed the ski chase on the bobsleigh track of Cortina d'Ampezzo hoping to surpass his work in both On Her Majesty's Secret Service and The Spy Who Loved Me.[13] To allow better filming, Bogner developed both a system where he was attached to a bobsleigh, allowing to film the vehicle or behind it,[40] and a set of skis that allowed him to ski forwards and backwards in order to get the best shots.[17] In February 1981, on the final day of filming the bobsleigh chase, one of the stuntmen driving a sleigh, 23-year-old Paolo Rigon, was killed when he became trapped under the bob.[7]

The pre-credits sequence used a church in Stoke Poges as a cemetery, while the helicopter scenes were filmed at the abandoned Beckton Gas Works in London.[37] The gas works were also the location for some of Stanley Kubrick's 1987 film, Full Metal Jacket.[41] Director John Glen got the idea for the remote-controlled helicopter after seeing a child playing with an RC car.[13] Since flying a helicopter through a warehouse was thought to be too dangerous, the scene was shot using forced perspective. A smaller mock-up was built by Derek Meddings' team closer to the camera that the stunt pilot Marc Wolff flew behind and this made it seem as if the helicopter was entering the warehouse. The footage inside the building was shot on location, though with a life-sized helicopter model which stood over a rail. Stuntman Martin Grace stood as Bond when the agent is dangling outside the flying helicopter, while Roger Moore himself was used in the scenes inside the model.[29][42]

Music

The score of For Your Eyes Only was written by Bill Conti, who retained a number of John Barry-influenced brass elements in the score, but also added elements of dance and funk music.[43] Whilst one reviewer observed that "Bill Conti's score is a constant source of annoyance",[44] another claimed that "In the end, For Your Eyes Only stands as one of the best James Bond film scores of the 1980s."[43]

The title song, written by Conti and Michael Leeson, was sung by Sheena Easton, who holds the distinction of being the first title song artist to appear on screen in a Bond film,[22] as designer Maurice Binder liked Easton's appearance and decided to add her to the opening credits.[45] The producers of the film wanted Blondie to perform the title song: the band wrote a song titled "For Your Eyes Only", but decided to decline the offer when they discovered the producers wanted a recording of Conti's song instead. Blondie's song can be found on their 1982 album, The Hunter.[46]

Release and reception

For Your Eyes Only was premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on 24 June 1981,[47] setting an all-time opening-day record for any film at any cinema in the UK with a gross of £14,998[48] (£51,341 in 2016 pounds[49])— ($29,696).[48] The film went on general release in the UK the same day. For Your Eyes Only had its North American premiere in the US and Canada on Friday, 26 June, at approximately 1,100 cinemas.[48]

An oblong-shaped digital watch. Above the face is the name "JAMES BOND". Below the face are a stylised "007" and the logo of the film, "FOR YOUR EYES ONLY".
For Your Eyes Only watch, released as part of the merchandising for the film

The film grossed $54.8 million in the United States,[50] (equivalent to $101.5 million at 2011 ticket prices[51] or $143 million in 2016 dollars,[52] adjusted for general inflation) and $195.3 million worldwide,[53] becoming the second highest grossing Bond film after its predecessor, Moonraker.[50] This was the last James Bond film to be solely released by United Artists. Following the MGM and United Artists merger, the films were released by "MGM/UA Distribution Co".[54]

The promotional cinema poster for the film featured a woman holding a crossbow; she was photographed from behind, and her outfit left the bottom half of her buttocks exposed. The effect was achieved by having the model wear a pair of bikini bottoms backwards, so that the part seen on her backside is actually the front of the suit.[55] The poster caused some furore—largely in the US—with The Boston Globe and the Los Angeles Times considering the poster so unsuitable they edited out everything above the knee,[56] whilst the Pittsburgh Press editors painted a pair of shorts over the legs.[57] There was significant speculation as to the identity of the model before photographer Morgan Kane identified her as Joyce Bartle.[56]

A number of items of merchandising were issued to coincide with the film, including a 007 digital watch and a copy of Melina's Citroën 2CV by Corgi Toys.[55] Citroën itself produced a special "007" edition of the 2CV, which even had decorative bullet holes on the door.[58] Marvel Comics also did a comic book adaptation (see section below).[55]

Contemporary reviews

Derek Malcolm in The Guardian disliked the film, saying it was "too long ... and pretty boring between the stunts", although he admitted that the stunts were of a high quality.[59] According to Malcolm, Bond "inhabits a fantasy-land of more or less bloodless violence, groinless sex and naivety masked as superior sophistication", with Moore playing him as if in a "nicely lubricated daze".[59] Although Malcolm tipped the film for international box office success, he observed that he "can't quite see why the series has lasted so long and so strong in people's affections."[59] Writing in The Observer, Philip French commented that "not for the first time the pre-credits sequence is the best thing about the film."[60] French was dismissive of Moore's Bond, saying that Bond was "impersonated by Moore" and referred to Moore's advancing years.[60]

Ian Christie, writing in the Daily Express, said that it was not "much of a plot, but it has a touch of credibility which is a welcome change from some of its predecessors."[61] Overall, Christie thought, For Your Eyes Only was "one of the better Bonds, with a nice balance between humour and excitement and the usual bevy of beautiful girls."[61] Christie's colleague in the Sunday Express, Richard Barkley praised the film, saying that For Your Eyes Only "is one of the most exciting yet". Barkley describes Moore's Bond as having an "accustomed debonair calm and quiet authority". All told, Barkley thought "this Bond movie is smashing entertainment."[62]

David Robinson, writing in The Times bemoaned the fact that the "dramatic bits between the set pieces don't count for much." Like other critics at the time his praise was more directed towards the stunt crews; they were "better than ever in this one."[63] The film critic for the magazine Time Out was brief and pithy: "no plot and poor dialogue, and Moore really is old enough to be the uncle of those girls."[64]

For the US press, Gary Arnold in The Washington Post thought the film was "undeniably easy on the eyes", and further added "maybe too easy to prevent the mind from wandering and the lids from drooping."[65] Arnold was also critical of the large set pieces, calling them "more ponderous than sensational" and that there was "no equivalent of the classic action highlights that can be recalled readily from "From Russia, With Love" or "You Only Live Twice" or "The Spy Who Loved Me" or "Moonraker." This is a Bond waiting for something inspired to push it over the top."[65] The New York Times critic Vincent Canby said that "For Your Eyes Only is not the best of the series by a long shot" although he does say that the film is "slick entertainment" with a tone that is "consistently comic even when the material is not."[66]

Jack Kroll in Newsweek dismissed the film, saying it was "an anthology of action episodes held together by the thinnest of plot lines", although he does concede that these set pieces are "terrific in their exhilaratingly absurd energy."[67] For Time magazine, Richard Corliss concentrated on the stunts, saying the team "have devised some splendid optional features for For Your Eyes Only" whilst also commenting on Roger Moore, saying that his "mannequin good looks and waxed-fruit insouciance" show him to be "the best-oiled cog in this perpetual motion machine."[68] Jay Scott of The Globe and Mail included it on his list of the year's worst films,[69] calling it "repellant"[70] and "ambitiously bad".[69]

French filmmaker Robert Bresson admired the film. "It filled me with wonder because of its cinematographic writing ... if I could have seen it twice in a row and again the next day, I would have done."[71][72] Elsewhere Bresson said he also loved the film's ski chase.[73]

Reflective reviews

Opinion on For Your Eyes Only has not changed with the passing of time and the reviews are still mixed: as of October 2015, the film holds a 74% 'fresh' rating from Rotten Tomatoes,[74] being ranked twelfth among the 22 Bond films.[75] Ian Nathan of Empire gives the film only two of a possible five stars, observing that the film "still ranks as one of the most forgettable Bonds on record."[76] In 2006, IGN chose For Your Eyes Only as the sixth best Bond film, claiming it is "a good old-fashioned espionage tale",[77] a placement shared by Norman Wilner of MSN, who considered it "the one Moore film that seems to reach back to Connery's heyday",[78] and Entertainment Weekly chose it as the tenth best in 2008, saying it was a "return to low-tech, low-key Bond [with] ... some of the best stunts since the early days".[79] In October 2008 Time Out re-issued a review of For Your Eyes Only and observed that the film is "admirable in intent" but that it "feels a little spare", largely because the plot has been "divested of the bells and whistles that hallmark the franchise".[44]

James Berardinelli wrote that the film was "a solid adventure, although it could have been better",[80] while Danny Peary thought "There are exciting moments, but most of it is standard Bond fare," going on to describe For Your Eyes Only as "an attempt to mix spectacle with [the] tough, believable storylines of early Bond films ... [it] is enjoyable while you're watching it. Afterward, it's one of the most forgettable of the Bond series."[81] Raymond Benson, the author of nine Bond novels, thought For Your Eyes Only was Roger Moore's best Bond film.[82]

Although Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly ranks Carole Bouquet playing Melina as the "worst babe" of the seven Roger Moore James Bond films,[83] his colleague, Joshua Rich disagreed, putting her tenth in the overall 10 Best Bond Girls listing from the 21 films released up to that point.[84] Entertainment Weekly also ranked Lynn-Holly Johnson as Bibi Dahl as ninth on their list of the 10 worst Bond girls from the 21 films that had been released.[85] After 20 films had been released, IGN ranked Bouquet as fifth in their 'top 10 Bond Babes' list,[86] and The Times thought she was sixth on their list of the Top 10 most fashionable Bond girls after 21 films had been released.[87]

Accolades

The song "For Your Eyes Only" was nominated for a Best Original Song at the 39th Golden Globe Awards[88] and Best Original Song at the 1981 Academy Awards, losing out at both ceremonies to "Arthur's Theme" from the film Arthur.[89] However, the 1981 Academy Awards ceremony did see the presenting of the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award to producer Albert R. Broccoli.[90] The Writers Guild of America nominated the script by Michael G. Wilson and Richard Maibaum for Best Adapted Screenplay – Comedy or Musical Picture.[91]

Comic book adaptation

Two comic books covers, both titled "FOR YOUR EYES ONLY". The cover on the left shows a man with a pistol, with a blonde woman in front of him. In front of both of them a brunette woman holds a crossbow. The cover on the right shows the same man and brunette woman abseiling on a cliff, with two guns in the foreground pointing at them.
Two-part For Your Eyes Only comic book adaptation by Marvel Comics

As part of the merchandising of For Your Eyes Only, Marvel Comics published a two-issue comic book adaptation of the film.[55][92] The first issue was released in October 1981 and was soon followed by the second issue in November of the same year. Both issues of the adaptation were written by Larry Hama, pencilled by Howard Chaykin, inked by Vincent Colletta and edited by Dennis O'Neil.[93]

It was the second film in the series to have a comic book tie-in, following a Dr. No comic in 1962. Marvel Comics would go on to publish an Octopussy comic book adaptation in 1983.

Planned Canadian adaptation

On 1 January 2015, the original Ian Fleming novels and short stories entered the public domain in Canada and other countries in which the length of copyright remains at the Berne Convention minimum of the life of the author plus 50 years. As a result, it is now legal in those countries for the original writings of Ian Fleming to be republished, or adapted into other media, without permission of the Fleiming estate or its agent, Ian Fleming Publications (formerly known as Gildrose Publications). It is also now legal in those countries for original material based Bond and other characters and concepts introduced in Fleming's written works (though not those elements that are unique to Eon Production's Bond movies) to be published.[94]

Canadian cult filmmakers Lee Demarbre and Ian Driscoll have announced plans to film a low-budget adaptation of Ian Fleming's 1960 short story "For Your Eyes Only" which Fleming partly set in Canada. If completed, the film will only be able to be released in Canada, the People's Republic of China and other countries in which Fleming's copyright has expired and could not be distributed in countries where copyright terms are longer such as the United States or the European Union. Driscoll told CBC Radio “I don’t expect to supplant the giant blockbuster James Bond, but I think there’s room in the world for an arthouse James Bond, to live alongside that, to give a different interpretation of the characters". The film would be based on Fleming's original short story, and possibly other elements of the literary Bond, and would not be a remake of the 1981 Eon film or use any elements unique to it or to any of the authorized Bond films. The filmmakers hope to ultimately produce four Canadian James Bond films.[95][96][97]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 137.
  2. ↑ Chancellor 2005, p. 197.
  3. ↑ Chaim Topol. For Your Eyes Only audio commentary. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 1: MGM Home Entertainment.
  4. ↑ Brady, Shirley. "Good Skate". People. Time Inc. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  5. ↑ Black 2004, p. 167.
  6. ↑ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 128.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 138.
  8. ↑ "CHARLES DANCE". Daily Express. 2 April 2001.
  9. 1 2 Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 127.
  10. ↑ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 40.
  11. 1 2 Smith 2002, p. 178.
  12. ↑ Hibbin, Sally (1989). The making of Licence to kill. Salem House. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-88162-453-3.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Inside For Your Eyes Only. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 2: MGM Home Entertainment.
  14. ↑ Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 299.
  15. ↑ Benson 1988, p. 226.
  16. ↑ Lindner 2003, pp. 29.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Cork & Stutz 2007, p. 292.
  18. ↑ Michael G. Wilson. For Your Eyes Only audio commentary. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 1: MGM Home Entertainment.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Benson 1988, p. 227.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 135.
  21. ↑ Smith 2002, p. 175.
  22. 1 2 Benson 1988, p. 231.
  23. ↑ Duncan, Paul (2012). The James Bond Archives. Taschen. p. 305.
  24. ↑ Smith 2002, p. 167.
  25. ↑ Boshoff, Alison (22 October 1997). "Double agent Bond held hostage in studio wars". The Daily Telegraph.
  26. ↑ Roberts, Andrew (8 November 2006). "The Bond bunch". The Independent.
  27. ↑ Solomans, Jason (17 April 2005). "My kingdom for a Bond: More than 70 contenders and still no new 007". The Observer.
  28. ↑ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 98.
  29. 1 2 3 John Glen. For Your Eyes Only audio commentary. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 1: MGM Home Entertainment.
  30. 1 2 Glen, John (August 1981). "The director talks about For Your Eyes Only". American Cinematographer. Archived from the original on 16 March 2005.
  31. ↑ Derek Meddings. For Your Eyes Only audio commentary. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 1: MGM Home Entertainment.
  32. 1 2 Bond in Greece. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 2: MGM Home Entertainment.
  33. ↑ David Naylor. For Your Eyes Only audio commentary. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 1: MGM Home Entertainment.
  34. ↑ Lightman, Herb A. (August 1981). "Behind the scenes of James Bond 007: For Your Eyes Only". American Cinematographer. Archived from the original on 12 April 2005.
  35. ↑ Samuelson, David (August 1981). "For Your Eyes Only and Its Special Effects". American Cinematographer. Archived from the original on 16 March 2005.
  36. ↑ "The Car's the Star – Citroën 2CV". The Car's the Star. 1996. BBC 2.
  37. 1 2 Exotic Locations. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 2: MGM Home Entertainment.
  38. 1 2 Bond in Cortina. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 2: MGM Home Entertainment.
  39. ↑ Neptune's Journey. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 2: MGM Home Entertainment.
  40. 1 2 Double-O Stuntmen. The Man with the Golden Gun Ultimate Edition, Disk 2: MGM Home Entertainment.
  41. ↑ Falsetto 2001, p. xxii.
  42. ↑ Michael Lamont. For Your Eyes Only audio commentary. For Your Eyes Only – Ultimate Edition, Disk 1: MGM Home Entertainment.
  43. 1 2 Guarisco, Donald; Ed, Bruce. "For Your Eyes Only (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  44. 1 2 Lee Davies, Adam. "'For Your Eyes Only' revisited". Time Out. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  45. ↑ Silhouettes – the James Bond Titles. You Only Live Twice Ultimate Edition, Disk 2: MGM Home Entertainment.
  46. ↑ O'Brien, Glenn (January 1986). "Debbie's Back". Spin (SPIN Media LLC) 1 (9): 49. ISSN 0886-3032.
  47. ↑ "Premieres". The Illustrated London News. 27 June 1981.
  48. 1 2 3 "DATELINE: London, June 26". PR Newswire. 26 June 1981.
  49. ↑ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2015), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
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  51. ↑ "All Time Highest Grossing Movies in the United States Since 1977, Inflation Adjusted". The Numbers. Nash Information Services, LLC. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
  52. ↑ Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  53. ↑ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 143.
  54. ↑ Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 144.
  55. 1 2 3 4 Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 131.
  56. 1 2 "People: Jul. 20, 1981". Time. 20 July 1981. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  57. ↑ Barnes & Hearn 2001, p. 140.
  58. ↑ "The 10 worst cars driven by James Bond: Citroën 2CV (For Your Eyes Only)". MSN. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
  59. 1 2 3 Malcolm, Derek (25 June 1981). "The Bond wagon rolls on". The Guardian.
  60. 1 2 French, Philip (28 June 1981). "Bergman and Bond". The Observer.
  61. 1 2 Christie, Ian (24 June 1981). "Premium Bond comes up with a new winner". Daily Express.
  62. ↑ Barkley, Richard (28 June 1981). "What Bond tells a girl he finds in his bed". Sunday Express.
  63. ↑ Robinson, David (26 June 1981). "Bergman's inimitable view of human relationshsips". The Times.
  64. ↑ "For Your Eyes Only (1981)". From Time Out Film Guide. Time Out. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  65. 1 2 Arnold, Gary (26 June 1981). "'Your Eyes Only': Smooth but Lacking". The Washington Post.
  66. ↑ Canby, Vincent (26 June 1981). "Bond in 'For Your Eyes Only'". Movie Review (The New York Times). Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  67. ↑ Kroll, Jack (29 June 1981). "Down to 001". Newsweek.
  68. ↑ Corliss, Richard (29 June 1981). "Cinema: Perpetual Motion Machine". Time.
  69. 1 2 Scott, Jay (2 January 1982). "Something old, but not much new Abel Gance's aged Napoleon one shimmering superstar in a year of gloomy omens". The Globe and Mail. p. E.3.
  70. ↑ Scott, Jay (10 June 1983). "Plenty Moore of the same 007 has lost a few steps but is still in the running". The Globe and Mail. p. E.1.
  71. ↑ "Bresson In Germany". 11 May 2010.The interview may be seen on New Yorker Films' DVD release of Bresson's film L'Argent.
  72. ↑ Robert Bresson (July 2005). "Chatterbox: Armond White & Robert Bresson". Film Comment 41 (4): 8.
  73. ↑ Ciment 2009, p. 36.
  74. ↑ "For Your Eyes Only". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  75. ↑ In 2008, the film was ranked ninth with 73%; ever since the list was posted, For Your Eyes Only's score fell to 69%, falling behind the ones that stood from 12th to 10th – You Only Live Twice (70%), Licence to Kill (71%) and The Living Daylights (73%)("Movies Like For Your Eyes Only".)
  76. ↑ Nathan, Ian. "For Your Eyes Only". Empire. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  77. ↑ "James Bond's Top 20". IGN. 17 November 2006. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  78. ↑ Norman Wilner. "Rating the Spy Game". MSN. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
  79. ↑ Sauter, Michael (1 July 2008). "Playing the Bond Market". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  80. ↑ Berardinelli, James (1996). "For Your Eyes Only". ReelViews. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  81. ↑ Peary 1986, p. 157.
  82. ↑ Cox, John. "The Raymond Benson CBn Interview (Part II)". The Raymond Benson CBn Interview. CommanderBond.net. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  83. ↑ Nashawaty, Chris (12 December 2008). "Moore ... and Sometimes Less". Entertainment Weekly (1025). Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  84. ↑ Rich, Joshua (9 November 2006). "10. Melina Havelock (Carole Bouquet)". The 10 Best Bond Girls (Entertainment Weekly). Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  85. ↑ Rich, Joshua. "9. Bibi Dahl (Lynn-Holly Johnson)". The 10 Worst Bond Girls (Entertainment Weekly). Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  86. ↑ Zdyrko, Dave. "Top 10 Bond Babes". IGN. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  87. ↑ Copping, Nicola (1 April 2008). "Top 10 most fashionable Bond girls". The Times (London). Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  88. ↑ "Awards Search – Best Original Song – Motion Picture". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  89. ↑ "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners". Oscar Legacy. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  90. ↑ "Irving G. Thalberg Award". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  91. ↑ Riggs, Thomas, ed. (2006). Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television, Volume 72. Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-9045-8. Michael G. Wilson. Honors: Best comedy adapted from another medium (with Richard Maibaum), Writers Guild of America, 1982, for For Your Eyes Only
  92. ↑ Thompson, Frankenhoff & Bickford 2010, p. 368.
  93. ↑ Chaykin 2011, p. xvii.
  94. ↑ "Copyright quirk leaves James Bond up for grabs in Canada". Globe and Mail. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  95. ↑ "Bringing James Bond to Ottawa". q (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). 27 November 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  96. ↑ "With James Bond in Canadian Public Domain, Filmmakers Hope to Remake ‘For Your Eyes Only’". Comic Book Resources. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  97. ↑ "James Bond goes to Ottawa in For Your Eyes Only remake". The Guardian. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2016.

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