Reutlingen

This article is about the city of Reutlingen, capital of Reutlingen district. For the district itself, see Reutlingen (district).
Reutlingen

A street view of Reutlingen

Coat of arms
Reutlingen

Coordinates: 48°29′N 9°13′E / 48.483°N 9.217°E / 48.483; 9.217Coordinates: 48°29′N 9°13′E / 48.483°N 9.217°E / 48.483; 9.217
Country Germany
State Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region Tübingen
District Reutlingen
Government
 • Lord Mayor Barbara Bosch (Ind.)
Area
 • Total 87.06 km2 (33.61 sq mi)
Population (2013-12-31)[1]
 • Total 111,357
 • Density 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes 72760–72770
Dialling codes 07121, 07072, 07127
Vehicle registration RT
Website www.reutlingen.de

Reutlingen (German pronunciation: [ˈʀɔɪ̯tlɪŋən]) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the eponymous district of Reutlingen. As of April 2008, it has a population of 109,828.[2] Reutlingen has a university of applied sciences, which was founded in 1855, originally as a weavers' school. Today Reutlingen is home to an established textile industry and also houses machinery, leather goods and steel manufacturing facilities. It is famous for having the narrowest street in the world, Spreuerhofstraße (width 31 cm).[3]

Geography

Achalm tower
Reütlingen - excerpt from Topographia Sueviae (Swabia), publishes 1643 by Matthäus Merian the Elder, Swiss copperplate engraver and publisher

Reutlingen is located about 35 km (22 mi) south of the State capital of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart. It lies in the Southwest corner of Germany, right next to the Swabian Jura, and that is why it is often called The gate to the Swabian Jura (German: Das Tor zur Schwäbischen Alb). The Echaz river, a tributary of the Neckar, flows through the town centre.

Along with the old university town of Tübingen (about 15 km (9.3 mi) to the west), Reutlingen is the centre of the Neckar-Alb region. It is also part of the larger Stuttgart Metropolitan Region.

History

Imperial City of Reutlingen
Reichsstadt Reutlingen
Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
←
1240–1803 →
Capital Reutlingen
Government Republic
Historical era Middle Ages
 • Founded 4th–5th century
 •  Gained Reichsfreiheit 1240
 • Co-founded Swabian League 1331
 • Signed Augsburg Confession 1530
 • Destroyed by fire 1726
 •  Mediatised to Württemberg 1803
View of Reutlingen from the forest register books created by Andreas Kieser
Spendhaus, first home of the weaving school that would become Reutlingen University

The first settlements in the area are believed to date from the 4th or 5th century. Some time around 1030, Count Egino started to build a castle on top of the Achalm, one of the largest mountains in Reutlingen district (about 706 m). One of the towers of this castle was rebuilt in the 19th century and is open to visitors. The name Reutlingen was first mentioned in writing in the so-called Bempflingen Treaty (German: Bempflinger Vertrag) which is dated approximately 1089–90.

Around 1180, Reutlingen received market rights and, between 1220 and 1240 it was promoted to city status and city-walls and fortifications were built. Shortly thereafter, from 1247–1343, the town's landmark, the St. Mary's Church (German: Marienkirche) was built.

In 1377 Reutlingen was the scene of a victory by the Swabian League, formed in the previous year by 14 Swabian cities, led by Ulm, over the Count of Württemberg. In 1519, a later Swabian League came to Reutlingen's help when Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg attempted to seize the city; the League landed a crushing blow, conquering Württemberg and selling it to Charles V. In 1495 and 1516 the jews were exiled from the town. [4]

As a result of such struggles, Reutlingen became an Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire, free from allegiance to the Duke of Württemberg. In 1530, Reutlingen's city council signed the Augsburg Confession, and in 1580 and the Formula of Concord, key documents of Lutheranism. In 1803, in the wake of the French Revolutionary Wars, Reutlingen lost its independence in the German Mediatisation, being restored to Württemberg.

Fire and bombing raids

The worst disaster in the history of Reutlingen happened in 1726, when a major fire swept through the city, destroying 80% of all residential houses and almost all public buildings, and making 1,200 families homeless. The impact of this fire, which lasted three days, is still visible today.

During World War II, the wings of the V-1 flying bomb were manufactured in Reutlingen, making the city the target of several allied bombing raids.

Significant minority groups
Nationality Population (2012)
 Turkey 2,800
 Greece 2,656
 Italy 1,849
 Croatia 1,559
 Portugal 630

Mutscheltag

On Mutscheltag (the first Thursday after Epiphany), townspeople gather in halls and homes to play games of dice, the winner of which earns parts or whole Mutschel loaves of bread. The Mutschelspiele (Mutschel games) consist of small games scored by tally marks, and are won both independently and by grand total at the end of the hour or night. This tradition is unique to the city of Reutlingen.

Notable people

Transport

Bus 4 to Hohbuch on Pestalozzistrasse in Reutlingen

City buses are run by RSV (Reutlinger Stadtverkehr).

Main sights

Gothic-era Marienkirche by night

University

Reutlingen University is a university of applied sciences, focusing on hands-on learning, which is apparent in their mandatory internship for all business majors. The university is an internationally friendly school with 111 cooperative campuses worldwide. Classes are generally taught in German; however, in some Bachelor programs and in the Master's programs classes are taught in English.

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Reutlingen is twinned with:

References

  1. ↑ "Gemeinden in Deutschland mit Bevölkerung am 31. Dezember 2013 (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011)". Statistisches Bundesamt (in German). 2014.
  2. ↑ Population in April 2008
  3. ↑ Engste Straße der Welt (in German)
  4. ↑ Erich Keyser (Herausgeber): „Württembergisches Städtebuch“; Band IV Teilband Baden-Württemberg Band 2 aus „Deutsches Städtebuch. p. 99

External links

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