Bernard Sarrette
Bernard Sarrette (November 27, 1765 – April 1858), founded what would become the Paris Conservatoire.
Biography
Sarrette was born in Bordeaux, France, the son of a shoemaker, and travelled to Paris as an accountant. During the French Revolution, he joined the Garde Nationale. There he proposed the formation of a corps of musicians, and was put in charge, although he was not a musician.
He gathered together forty-five musicians from the depot of the Gardes Françaises, and they formed the nucleus for the music of the Garde Nationale, with François Joseph Gossec as artistic director. In May 1790, the municipality of Paris increased the body to seventy-eight musicians. When the financial embarrassments of the Commune necessitated the suppression of the paid guard, Sarrette kept the musicians near him and obtained from the municipality, in June 1792, the establishment of a free school of music.
Sarrette was briefly imprisoned from 25 March to 10 May 1794, although the reasons are uncertain. On the 18th of Brumaire in the year II (November 8, 1794) the school was converted into the Institut National de Musique by decree of the convention, and by the law of the 16th of Thermidor in the year III (August 3, 1795) it was finally organized under the name of Conservatoire. Sarrette regained the title of director during the reorganization of 1800.
For the last forty years of his life Sarrette lived in retirement. The protection of Napoleon I was a source of disaster to him in 1815, when the conservatoire was closed; its subsequent history was watched by its founder as a mere spectator from outside. He died in Paris.
Notes
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sarrette, Bernard". Encyclopædia Britannica 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 222–223. This cites Constant Pierre, B. Sarrette et les origines du Conservatoire (Paris, 1895).
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