Beijing–Harbin Railway

The Beijing–Harbin or Jingha Railway (simplified Chinese: 京哈铁路; traditional Chinese: 京哈鐵路; pinyin: Jīnghā Tiělù) is the railway that connects Beijing with Harbin in Heilongjiang Province. It spans 1,249 km (776 mi). It is a very prominent route in the Manchurian Provinces of northeastern China.

History

Construction of the section between Tangshan and Tianjin began in 1881 as the Kaiping Tramway. This section is the second-oldest railway in China and the oldest still in use. (The oldest railway in China was the Woosung Railway in Shanghai, built in 1876 but dismantled and removed to Taiwan the next year.) Later this section was extended west to Beijing and east to Shanhaiguan. It was further extended to the east and reached Mukden (modern Shenyang) in Fengtian province (modern Liaoning) by 1912.

The railroad operated under or was known by several names, including:

the Imperial Railroad of North China,
the Guanneiwai Tielu (lit. "Shanhaiguan Inner & Outer Railway"),
the Peking–Mukden or Peiping–Mukden Railway,
the Jingfeng Tielu (from Beijing & Fengtian), and
the Beining Tielu (from Beiping & Liaoning).

Under the late Qing and during the early Republic, it was administered by and provided much of the revenue for the Ministry of Posts and Communications. It is now administered by the Ministry of Railways for the People's Republic of China.

The section from Shenyang to Harbin used to be a part of the South Manchuria branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway built by the Russian Empire from 1898 to 1902. Later, the section from Changchun to Shenyang became part of the Japanese South Manchuria Railway. There used to be no linking line between the Jingfeng Railway and the South Manchuria Railway. A bridge was built for the South Manchuria Railway to cross the Jingfeng Railway. The Huanggutun Incident took place on June 4, 1928 right at this bridge, several kilometers east of the Huanggutun railway station on Jingfeng railway. During the Japanese occupation of Manchuria (1931–1945), the Jingfeng railway and the south Manchuria railway was connected together. After 1949, the Jingfeng Railway and the Shenyang to Harbin section of the south Manchuria railway were altogether named as Jingha Railway.

Before 2007, the Beijing–Harbin Railway shared the route with the Beijing-Shanghai Railway from Beijing to Tianjin, and then to Qinhuangdao.

Current status

As of December 31, 2006, it uses the Beijing–Qinhuangdao Railway, the Qinhuangdao–Shenyang High-Speed Railway, and the Shenyang-Harbin portion of the Harbin-Dalian Railway.

Important cities en route

Beijing
Hebei Province：Tangshan, Qinhuangdao
Liaoning Province：Huludao, Jinzhou, Shenyang, Tieling
Jilin Province：Siping, Changchun
Heilongjiang Province：Harbin

Mileage

Station	Mileage
Beijing	0
Beijing East	5 km (3.1 mi)
- Entering Hebei
Tangshan North	151 km (94 mi)
Luan County	208 km (129 mi)
Beidaihe	276 km (171 mi)
Qinhuangdao	299 km (186 mi)
Shanhaiguan	315 km (196 mi)
- Entering Liaoning
Huludao North	437 km (272 mi)
Jinzhou South	480 km (300 mi)
Panjin North	549 km (341 mi)
Liaozhong	653 km (406 mi)
Shenyang North	703 km (437 mi)
Tieling	771 km (479 mi)
- Entering Jilin
Siping	889 km (552 mi)
Gongzhuling	942 km (585 mi)
Changchun	1,003 km (623 mi)
- Entering Heilongjiang
Harbin	1,249 km (776 mi)

External links

Photo of Permit to travel on the Chinese Railways between Harbin and Shanghai, 1920s

High-speed rail in China

Maglev

Shanghai Maglev Train

Conventional high-speed railways

National 4 × 4 Corridors	North–south Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Beijing–Harbin Beijing–Shanghai Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen East–west Shanghai–Kunming Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Qingdao–Taiyuan Xuzhou–Lanzhou

Long-distance major corridors	Chengdu–Guangzhou Chongqing–Guizhou Chongqing–Lanzhou Datong–Xi'an Ganzhou–Shenzhen Hengyang–Liuzhou Hefei–Fuzhou Lanzhou–Urumqi Nanchang–Shenzhen Nanning-Kunming Nanning–Guangzhou Qinhuangdao–Shenyang Tianjin–Qinhuangdao Xi'an–Chengdu Xi'an–Chongqing

Intercity and long-distance	300–350 km/h Beijing–Tianjin Beijing–Tangshan Chengdu–Chongqing Chongqing–Wanzhou Nanjing–Hangzhou Shanghai–Nanjing 200–250 km/h Chengdu–Mianyang–Leshan Changchun–Jilin Dandong–Dalian Beijing–Zhangjiakou Harbin–Jiamusi Harbin–Mudanjiang Harbin–Qiqihar Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing Liuzhou–Nanning Jilin–Hunchun Nanjing–Anqing Nanchang–Jiujiang Shenzhen–Maoming Tianjin–Baoding Qingdao–Rongcheng Shenyang–Dandong Xi'an–Chengdu Zhangjiakou–Hohot

Regional intercity	300–350 km/h Chengdu–Ya'an Tianjin–Binhai New Area 200–250 km/h Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Chengdu–Dujiangyan Chengdu–Pujiang Dongguan–Huizhou Foshan–Dongguan Fuzhou–Changle Airport Guangzhou–Dongguan–Shenzhen Guangzhou–Qingyuan Guangzhou–Zhuhai Guiyang-Kaiyang Hainan Eastern Ring Hainan Western Ring Lanzhou–Zhongchuan Airport Mianyang–Suining–Ziyang–Neijiang–Zigong–Yibin Suzhou–Jiaxing Wuhan Metropolitan Area Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo Zhengzhou–Kaifeng Zhengzhou–Xuchang

Upgraded old lines	Beijing–Guangzhou Beijing–Harbin Beijing–Shanghai Guangzhou–Shenzhen Hunan–Guangxi Lianyungang–Lanzhou Qingdao–Jinan Shanghai–Kunming Wuchang–Jiujiang Hankou–Danjiangkou Hangzhou–Ningbo

Rolling stock	Blue Arrow China Star CIT Trains CRH1 CRH2 CRH3 CRH5 CRH6 CRH380A SJ 2000 Zefiro 380

Italics – under construction or currently not operational
(-), Place A- – section under construction or currently not operational
§ – in/related to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan
(Place A-Place B) – share tracks with other lines

Transport in China

History
Proposed public transport

Government agencies

Road

Rail

Water

Ports	Chongqing Dalian Guangzhou Lianyungang Ningbo Qingdao Rizhao Shanghai Shenzhen Suzhou Tangshan Tianjin Xiamen Yingkou Hong Kong*

Canals	Grand Canal Lingqu Canal Red Flag Canal Zhengguo Canal

Industry	Shipping industry China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation China State Shipbuilding Corporation Ship lifts

Aviation

Major airlines	Air China Cathay Pacific* (Dragonair*) China Southern Airlines China Eastern Airlines Hainan Airlines Shandong Airlines Shanghai Airlines Shenzhen Airlines Sichuan Airlines Xiamen Airlines

Airports	By traffic Major Airports: Beijing Capital Guangzhou Baiyun Hong Kong* Shanghai Hongqiao Shanghai Pudong

Industry	Aviation Industry Corporation of China China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition Comac