Beatboxing

"Beatbox" and "Beat box" redirect here. For other uses, see Beatbox (disambiguation).
An example of modern beatboxing
Biz Markie beatboxing

Beatboxing (also beat boxing or b-boxing) is a form of vocal percussion primarily involving the art of mimicking drum beats using one's mouth, lips, tongue, and voice. It may also involve vocal imitation of turntablism, and other musical instruments. Beatboxing today is connected with hip-hop culture, often referred to as "the fifth element" of hip-hop, although it is not limited to hip-hop music.[1][2] The term "beatboxing" is sometimes used to refer to vocal percussion in general.

History

Prehistory

Techniques similar to beatboxing have been present in many American musical genres since the 19th century, such as early rural music, both black and white, religious songs, blues, ragtime, vaudeville, and hokum. Few examples are the Appalachian technique of eefing and the blues song Bye bye bird written and performed by the harmonica player Alex or Aleck Miller aka Sonny Boy Williamson II.

Additional influences may perhaps include forms of African traditional music, in which performers utilize their bodies (e.g., by clapping or stomping) as percussion instruments and produce sounds with their mouths by breathing loudly in and out, a technique used in beatboxing today.

Many well-known performers used vocal percussion occasionally,even though this was not directly connected to the cultural tradition that came to be known as "beatboxing". Paul McCartney's "That Would Be Something" (1969) includes vocal percussion. Pink Floyd's "Pow R. Toc H." (1967) also includes vocal percussion performed by the group's lead vocalist Syd Barrett. Jazz singers, Bobby Mcferrin and Al Jarreau were very well known for their vocal styles and techniques which have had great impact on techniques beatboxers use today. Michael Jackson was known to record himself beat-boxing on a dictation tape recorder as a demo and scratch recording to compose several of his songs, including "Billie Jean", "The Girl Is Mine", and others.[3] Gert Fröbe, a German actor most widely known for playing Auric Goldfinger in the James Bond film Goldfinger, "beatboxes" as Colonel Manfred von Holstein (simultaneously vocalizing horned and percussive instruments) in Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines, a 1965 British comedy film.

Origins in hip hop

The term "beatboxing" is derived from the mimicry of the first generation of drum machines, then known as beatboxes. "Human beatboxing" in hip-hop originated in 1980s. Its early pioneers include Doug E. Fresh, the self-proclaimed first "human beatbox",[4] Swifty, the first to implement the inhale sound technique, Buffy, who helped perfect many beatboxing techniques and Wise, who contributed significantly to beat boxing's proliferation. Wise inspired an entire new fan base of human beatboxers with his human turntable technique. Other pioneers of beatboxing include Rahzel well known for his realistic robotic sounds and for his ability to sing and beatbox simultaneously, Scratch a beatboxer and musician well known for further revolutionizing the use of vocal scratching in beatboxing, and Kenny Muhammad "the human orchestra" a beatboxer known for his technicality and outstanding rhythmic precision, who pioneered the inward k snare, a beatbox technique that imitates a snare drum by breathing inward.

Modern beatboxing

The Internet has played a large part in the popularity of modern beatboxing. Alex Tew (aka A-Plus) started the first online community of beatboxers in 2000 under the banner of HUMANBEATBOX.COM. In 2001, Gavin Tyte, a member of this community created the world's first tutorials and video tutorials on beatboxing. In 2003, the community held the world's first Human Beatbox Convention in London featuring beatbox artists from all over the world.

Beatboxing's current popularity is due in part to releases from artists such as Reeps One, Rahzel, and Alem.[5]

Sometimes, modern beatboxers will use their hand or another part of their body to extend the spectrum of sound effects and rhythm. Some have developed a technique that involves blowing and sucking air around their fingers to produce a very realistic record scratching noise, which is commonly known as the 'crab scratch'. Another hand technique includes the 'throat tap' which involves the beatboxer tapping their fingers against their throat as they throat sing or hum.

Today there is an increase in the variety in which we see beatboxing throughout musical culture. People have gone as far as adding beatboxing in with different instruments to create a completely different sound unlike any other. Artist Greg Patillo goes as far as adding in beatboxing while playing the flute to very iconic songs. Beatbox has become modernized and has even been seen in popular movies such as Pitch Perfect and Pitch Perfect 2. Both of these movies showcase classical songs performed with a Capella covers in which all of the beats to the songs are done completely using the idea and technique of beatboxing to complete the sound capable to imitate the original song.

Notable actors

Beatbox Battle Network

Beatbox Battle Network was founded in summer 2002 in Berlin, Germany as a non profit organization with the main focus to support the global beatboxing community. It is specialized on culture marketing, live broadcasting and artist management. BBB3TV also known as Beatbox Battle Television produces the Beatbox Beatbox World Championship. The first Beatbox Battle World Championship held in Berlin was year 2005 followed by 2009, 2012 and 2015. World Champions for the individual men include Joel Turner (he was also the first Beatbox Battle World Team Champion with Tom Thum), ZeDe, SkilleR and Alem. World champions for the invididual women include Butterscotch, BellaPentrix, Pe4enkata and Kaila Mullady . They have featured beatboxers in most countries of the world.

World Beatbox Association

The World Beatbox Association or WBA was originally founded in 2010 in partnership with Humanbeatbox.com and Chesney Snow alongside Kenny Muhammad and Masai Electro. Today the WBA executive curator is Chesney Snow. The WBA produced the first American Beatbox Championship in 2010. American Beatbox Champions include Frisco (San Francisco, California), J-Flo (Long Island, New York), Rizumik (Lisbon, Portugal), Beat Rhino (Irvine, California), and NaPoM (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). In 2013, Chesney Snow stepped down from organizing and producing the American Beatbox Championship and passed it on to Steven Foxx. 2013 was also the year that the movie "American Beatboxer" came out that documented the 2010 International Human Beatbox Convention (Boxcon) and the 2010 American Beatbox Championship in Brooklyn, New York that featured the 2010 American Beatbox Championship finalists Maximillion, B.Flow, HeaveN Beatbox, Frisco, LuckeyMonkey (who married England beatboxer Fat Tony), the Human Drum Machine, NYC Beatbox, the One Mouth Band with featured appearancees by American beatboxers Rahzel, Kenny Muhammad, and Jason Tom. It also featured beatboxers from overseas, including Reeps One, Hobbit, Lytos, LOS, Ezra, and KRNFX.

Common sounds and imitations

Using beatboxing techniques, a skilled beat boxer has the ability to imitate many types of sounds including those of a classic drum set, turn table, electronic effects, trumpet, and electric guitar. Some of these sounds have two different iterations: one used while exhaling air while the other used while inhaling air, allowing the artist to continue practicing without having to take an actual breath.

Classic drum set sounds

Turntable effects

Electronic effects

Instruments


Notation

As with other musical disciplines, some form of musical notation or transcription may sometimes be useful in order to describe beatbox patterns or performances. Sometimes this takes the form of ad hoc phonetic approximations, but is occasionally more formal.

Standard Beatbox Notation (SBN) was created by Mark Splinter and Gavin Tyte[6] of Humanbeatbox.com in 2006[7] as an alternative to International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcription, which had been used sparingly before then.

In a research study published in 2013 and based on real-time MRI imaging of a beatboxer, the authors propose a notation system which combines the International Phonetic Alphabet with musical staff notation, in part motivated by their observation that many beatboxing sounds can be adequately represented by the IPA.[8]

Multi-vocalism

Multi-vocalism is a form of vocal musicianship conceptualized by British Beatboxer and vocalist Killa Kela. It describes Beatboxers who incorporate other vocal disciplines and practices into their routines and performances such as, Singing, Rapping, Sound mimicry and other vocal arts. Some other well known multi-vocalists include (but are not limited to) Beardyman, Beatmaster g, Masta mic, and Petebox.

Vocal Acrobatics

Vocal acrobatics is a specifically focused form of multi-vocalism, pioneered by American beatboxer and artist Derick "D" Cross. Cross defines this technique as, "The rhythmic juggling of Vocal scratching ,Vocal percussion,Vocal Instrument Mimicry, and Vocals (Singing, Spoken word, or Rapping) done at various tempos and Most often rapidly."

Beatrhyming

Beatrhyming is an advanced form of beatboxing pioneered by beatbox icon Terry "kid lucky" Lewis. Lewis describes beatrhyming as "The art of rapping, singing or performing spoken word while beatboxing simultaneously". He sites artists such as fellow beatboxers Rahzel and Masai Electro, jazz singer Bobby Mcferrin and many others as influences. Beatrhyming has also been made famous by artists such as American hip-hop vocalist D-Cross, 3-time beatrhyming champion and musician Kaila Mullady, and award-winning New Zealand-born beatboxer King Homeboy. Lewis founded Beatrhyme Communications , an organization created to promote the art of beatrhyming, as well as other vocal arts (beatboxing, scat singing, whistling, overtone singing,Konnakol,etc.). Other artists involved with this program include Mullady and Cross, as well as beatboxer and multi-instrumentalist Yako 440, whistler Gorden "Frequency" Ramsey, scat singer Marya Lawrence Hart, and many others.

World records

According to the Guinness World Records, the current record for the largest human beatbox ensemble was set by Booking.com employees. The record involved 4,659 participants and was achieved by Booking.com employees together with beatboxers at the RAI Amsterdam in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on 10 December 2013 during their annual company meeting.[9]

The previous largest human beatbox ensemble involved 2,081 participants and was achieved by Google (Ireland), Shlomo (UK) and Testament (UK) at The Convention Centre, Dublin, Ireland on 14 November 2011.[10]

Before Shlomo's record, the previous record for the largest human beatbox ensemble involved 1,246 participants and was achieved by Vineeth Vincent and Christ University (India) in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, on 5 February 2011.[11]

King Homeboy, a beatboxer and musician from New Zealand currently holds the world record for the world's longest individual beatboxing, MARATHON which is 36 hours

Selected discography

This list is a selected discography of commercial releases which are mostly/entirely beatbox-based or are otherwise notable/influential records in the history of beatboxing and its popularisation.

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Styles of beatboxing

Style Definition Term Coiner
Traditional Beatboxing Vocal mimicry of hip hop drum machines Doug E Fresh
Mouth Drumming Vocal mimicry of acoustic drum kits Wes Carroll
Multi-vocalism Beatboxing performed collectively with other vocal arts Killa Kela
Beatrhyming Beatboxing and Rapping/Rhyming performed simultaneously Kid Lucky
Beatbass Mouth drumming and Vocal bass performed Simultaniously David Stackhouse
Humming Beatboxing 
Vocal Mimicry of hip hop drum machines with out any opening of the mouth
 Flute beatboxing Playing the flute and beatboxing simultaniously Tim Barsky

In popular culture

When asked to beatbox, Siri will repeat the phrase "Boots and Cats" to mimic beatboxing.[12] Teen Vogue called it "perhaps the most entertaining mid-day pick-me-up ever created."[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ The History of Beatboxing, humanbeatbox.com
  2. ↑ D. Stowell and M. D. Plumbley, Characteristics of the beatboxing vocal style. Technical Report C4DM-TR-08-01. 2008.
  3. ↑ "Michael Jackson BeatBoxing" (Youtube video, 4:58 min). Jackson beatboxes while explaining how he composed "Tabloid Junkie", "The Girl Is Mine", "Who Is It", "Billie Jean", and "Streetwalker" (song on the Bad album 2001 Special Edition). 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2011-01-13.
  4. ↑ "Doug E. Fresh". MTV Artists.
  5. ↑ Garfield, J. Breath Control: The History Of The Human Beat Box at the Internet Movie Database. 2002. A documentary on the history of the art form, including interviews with Doug E. Fresh, Emanon, Biz Markie, Marie Daulne of Zap Mama, Kyle Faustino, and others.
  6. ↑ TyTe. "Standard Beatbox Notation". HumanBeatBox.com.
  7. ↑ Liu, Marian (2007-01-04). "Beatboxing: An oral history; Hip-Hoppers Turn to Voice-Based Rhythms". San Jose Mercury News. (California).
  8. ↑ Proctor, M.I. and Bresch, E. and Byrd, D. and Nayak, K. and Narayanan, S. (2013). "Para-Linguistic Mechanisms of Production in Human "Beatboxing": a Real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133 (2): 1043–1054. doi:10.1121/1.4773865.
  9. ↑ "Guinness World Records". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  10. ↑ Guinness World Records http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/2000/largest-human-beatbox-ensemble. Retrieved 30 December 2013. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ "Largest human beatbox ensemble". Retrieved 2012-03-27.
  12. ↑ "Siri drops sick beats when you ask her to beatbox". CNET. CBS Interactive. 13 January 2016.
  13. ↑ Kate Dwyer. "iPhone's Siri Can Totally Beatbox - Teen Vogue". Teen Vogue.

External links

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