Battle of Flirey

Battle of Flirey Part of World War I Map of the Battle, with the fortified city of Verdun in the top left Date 19 September – 11 October 1914 Location Around Flirey, France 48°52′35″N 05°50′54″E / 48.87639°N 5.84833°E / 48.87639; 5.84833Coordinates: 48°52′35″N 05°50′54″E / 48.87639°N 5.84833°E / 48.87639; 5.84833 Result German victory Belligerents  France  German Empire Commanders and leaders Maurice Sarrail Noel de Castelnau Crown Prince Rupprecht Units involved French Third Army German 6th Army Flirey Flirey: commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France

Race to the Sea 1st Picardy Flirey Albert Arras La Bassée Messines Armentières Yser 1st Ypres Other engagements Winter operations Western Front Belgium Halen Liège Dinant Namur Frontiers Charleroi Mons Great Retreat 1st Marne 1st Aisne Antwerp Race to the Sea Yser 1st Ypres Winter operations 1st Artois 1st Champagne Hartmannswillerkopf Neuve Chapelle 2nd Ypres 2nd Artois 2nd Champagne Loos 3rd Artois Verdun Somme Arras 2nd Aisne 3rd Champagne (The Hills) Messines 3rd Ypres (Passchendaele) La Malmaison 1st Cambrai Spring Hundred Days Amiens

The Battle of Flirey (French: 1re Bataille de Flirey) was a First World War battle fought from 19 September – 11 October 1914. It resulted in a German victory against the French army. The battle cut most of the roads and railways to the strategically important Fortified Region of Verdun (Région Fortifiée de Verdun [RFV]) and was to have a large effect on the course of the war.

Background

The Woëvre Plain stretches from the city of Luxemburg, south to the French city of Toul and has been a common route of attack between Germany and France. The plain is flanked on the eastern side by a series of mountain ranges (the Hauts de Meuse) along the Meuse River and along the western side by a series of mountain ranges along the Moselle River. A series of German fortifications were built before the war, along the Moselle (especially around the city of Metz), while across the border, a matching set of French fortifications was established along the Meuse around Verdun and Toul.

In the first months of the First World War, the German High Command were the first ones to realise the increased effectiveness that artillery and machine-guns gave to the defence and seized various terrain features that would be easy to defend. Recognising that it is easier to defend the heights alongside the Meuse (as opposed to the plain between the Moselle and Meuse), a German attack was planned to seize the heights, to deny access to the Woëvre Plain to the Allies, isolate Verdun and reduce the ability of the French to attack German territory.

Battle

The attack commenced on 19 September, with German cavalry from Metz skirmishing with the French defenders in the Dieulouard–Martincourt area. Flirey, the woods around the village and Seicheprey were quickly captured. French reinforcements arrived on 22 September but could not stop the Germans from advancing. The German advance then changed direction, moving from a southerly to a south-westerly direction. By 24 September, the town of Saint-Mihiel was captured and villages of Flirey, Seicheprey and Xivray recaptured. More French reinforcements arrived on 27 September but as the Germans were now firmly entrenched, French counter-attacks between Flirey and Apremont resulted in little change in the front line. French counter-attacks continued until 11 October.

Aftermath

Map of St. Mihiel and vicinity (commune FR insee code 55463)

The battle created a salient projecting into the French lines south of Verdun. Of the two roads and one railway that led to Verdun, all but a minor road were closed, which imposed severe supply difficulties on the French troops in the RFV. The city was enveloped on three sides and neutralised as a base for French offensive operations. The area was to see much fighting over the rest of the war. Despite attempts by the French to reduce the salient in the First Battle of Woëvre in early 1915, the First Offensive Battle of Verdun in late 1916 and the Second Offensive Battle of Verdun in 1917, the salient was not reduced until the Battle of Saint-Mihiel in September 1918.

References

• Der Herbst-Feldzug 1914: Im Westen bis zum Stellungskrieg, im Osten bis zum Rückzug. Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918: Militärischen Operationen zu Lande (in German) I (Die Digitale Landesbibliothek Oberösterreich ed.). Berlin: Mittler & Sohn. 2012 [1929]. OCLC 838299944. Retrieved 5 February 2014. 
• Doughty, R. A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. ISBN 0-67401-880-X. 
• Herwig, H. (2009). The Marne, 1914: The Opening of World War I and the Battle that Changed the World. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6671-1. 
• Strachan, H. (2001). To Arms. The First World War I. Oxford: OUP. ISBN 0-19-926191-1. 
• Tyng, S. (2007) [1935]. The Campaign of the Marne 1914 (Westholme ed.). New York: Longmans. ISBN 1-59416-042-2. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Flirey.

• Michelin Guide
• French site with pages on all French battles of the war
• (French) Flirey