Battle Creek, Michigan

"Battle Creek" redirects here. For other uses, see Battle Creek (disambiguation).
Battle Creek, Michigan
City
City of Battle Creek

Downtown Battle Creek in November 2008

Seal
Nickname(s): "Cereal City"[1]

Location of Battle Creek within Michigan
Battle Creek, Michigan

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 42°18′44″N 85°12′15″W / 42.31222°N 85.20417°W / 42.31222; -85.20417Coordinates: 42°18′44″N 85°12′15″W / 42.31222°N 85.20417°W / 42.31222; -85.20417
Country United States
State Michigan
County Calhoun
Settled 1831
Incorporation 1859
Government
 • Type Council-Manager
 • Mayor Deb Owens[2]
 • City Manager Rebecca Fleury[3]
Area[4]
 • Total 43.73 sq mi (113.26 km2)
 • Land 42.61 sq mi (110.36 km2)
 • Water 1.12 sq mi (2.90 km2)
Elevation 840 ft (256 m)
Population (2010)[5]
 • Total 52,347 (city proper)
 • Estimate (2012[6]) 51,911
 • Density 1,228.5/sq mi (474.3/km2)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 49014-49018; 49037
Area code(s) 269
FIPS code 26-05920[7]
GNIS feature ID 0620755[8]
Website battlecreekmi.gov

Battle Creek is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, in northwest Calhoun County, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which encompasses all of Calhoun County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 52,347, while the MSA population was 136,146.

History and name origin

Battle Creek was named for a skirmish between a federal government land survey party led by Colonel John Mullett and two Native Americans, likely Potawatomi people, who were historically prominent in this area since before European encounter.

According to various European-American accounts, while Mullett and his group were surveying an area several miles from the present city in the winter of 1823-1824, their camp was raided by Native Americans. Two members of the survey party who had remained at the camp were attacked by two Indians. The Indians were reported as trying to steal provisions from the survey team. They were likely hungry because annuities and supplies were late or insufficient; the Potawatomi had ceded their land to the United States by an 1820 treaty and been restricted to a reservation. The Army was notorious for failing to deliver supplies and annuities on a timely basis.

During the fight, the surveyors shot and severely wounded one Indian, subduing the other. Fearing more hostilities, the survey party promptly packed up and left the area. They did not return until June 1824, after Governor Lewis Cass had settled the issues with the Indians. European-American settlers later called the nearby stream Battle Creek River.[9][10][11][12][13]

Native Americans had called the river Waupakisco, to which some attribute a folk etymology. By this account, the name Waupakisco or Waupokisco was a reference to an earlier battle fought between Native American tribes before the arrival of white settlers. However, Virgil J. Vogel establishes that this native term had "nothing to do with blood or battle".[9][14]

Following removal of the Potawatomi to a reservation, the first permanent European-American settlements in Battle Creek Township began to be made about 1831. Migration had increased to Michigan from New York and New England following the completion of the Erie Canal in New York in 1824. Most settlers chose to locate on the Goguac prairie, which was fertile and easily cultivated. A post office was opened in Battle Creek in 1832 under Postmaster Pollodore Hudson.[15] The first school was taught in a small log house about 1833 or 1834. Asa Langley built the first sawmill in 1837. A brick manufacturing plant, called the oldest enterprise in the township, was established in 1840 by Simon Carr, and operated until 1903. The township was established by act of the legislature in 1839.[16]

In the antebellum era, the city was a major stop on the Underground Railroad, used by fugitive slaves to escape to freedom in Michigan and Canada. It was the chosen home of noted abolitionist Sojourner Truth after her escape from slavery.[17]

Battle Creek figured prominently in the early history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It was the site of this Protestant sect's founding convention in 1863. Later the denomination's first hospital, college and publishing office were constructed in the city. When the hospital and publishing office were burned down in 1902, the church elected to decentralize, and most church institutions relocated. The first Adventist church (rebuilt in the 1920s) is still in operation today.

The city was noted for its focus on health reform during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Battle Creek Sanitarium was founded by John Harvey Kellogg, who with his brother W. K. Kellogg invented corn flakes and founded the cereal company that now bears their name. Inspired by the Kelloggs' innovation, C. W. Post invented Grape-Nuts and founded his own cereal company in the town. Battle Creek has been nicknamed "Cereal City."

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 43.73 square miles (113.26 km2), of which 42.61 square miles (110.36 km2) is land and 1.12 square miles (2.90 km2) is water,[4] making Battle Creek the third largest city in Michigan by area, and one of only three incorporated municipalities in the state over 40 sq mi (100 km2) in size.

Climate

Climate data for Battle Creek, Michigan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 68
(20)		 68
(20)		 82
(28)		 90
(32)		 95
(35)		 100
(38)		 104
(40)		 103
(39)		 99
(37)		 90
(32)		 80
(27)		 66
(19)		 104
(40)
Average high °F (°C) 31
(−1)		 33
(1)		 43
(6)		 58
(14)		 70
(21)		 80
(27)		 85
(29)		 82
(28)		 75
(24)		 62
(17)		 46
(8)		 34
(1)		 58.3
(14.6)
Average low °F (°C) 17
(−8)		 17
(−8)		 25
(−4)		 36
(2)		 47
(8)		 57
(14)		 61
(16)		 59
(15)		 52
(11)		 42
(6)		 31
(−1)		 21
(−6)		 38.8
(3.8)
Record low °F (°C) −19
(−28)		 −24
(−31)		 −11
(−24)		 10
(−12)		 24
(−4)		 35
(2)		 42
(6)		 39
(4)		 28
(−2)		 18
(−8)		 −6
(−21)		 −16
(−27)		 −24
(−31)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.1
(53)		 2.1
(53)		 2.4
(61)		 2.8
(71)		 3.6
(91)		 4.0
(102)		 2.9
(74)		 3.0
(76)		 3.2
(81)		 2.9
(74)		 2.5
(64)		 2.1
(53)		 33.4
(848)
Source: Weatherbase[19]

Other municipalities in the Battle Creek area

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1840993—
18501,0647.2%
18603,509229.8%
18705,83866.4%
18807,06321.0%
189013,19786.8%
190018,56340.7%
191025,26736.1%
192036,16443.1%
193045,57326.0%
194043,453−4.7%
195048,66612.0%
196044,169−9.2%
197038,931−11.9%
198035,724−8.2%
199053,54049.9%
200053,364−0.3%
201052,347−1.9%
Est. 201451,833[20]−1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[21]

In 1982, at the insistence of the Kellogg Company, the city annexed Battle Creek Township, nearly doubling the city's population. Kellogg's even went so far as to threaten moving their headquarters if the annexation failed to occur.[22]

2010 census

As of the census[5] of 2010, there were 52,347 people, 21,118 households, and 12,898 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,228.5 inhabitants per square mile (474.3/km2). There were 24,277 housing units at an average density of 569.7 per square mile (220.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 71.7% White, 18.2% African American, 0.7% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 2.7% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.7% of the population.

There were 21,118 households of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.1% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.9% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.5% were from 45 to 64; and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

As of April 2013, Battle Creek has the fifth largest Japanese national population in the State of Michigan, 358 people.[23]

2000 census

As of the census[7] of 2000, there were 53,364 people, 21,348 households, and 13,363 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,246.0 per square mile (481.1/km²). There were 23,525 housing units at an average density of 549.3 per square mile (212.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.65% White, 17.80% black or African American, 1.94% Asian, 0.77% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.11% from other races, and 2.72% from two or more races. 4.64% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 21,348 households out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.2% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,491, and the median income for a family was $43,564. Males had a median income of $36,838 versus $26,429 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,424. About 10.7% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government

The City of Battle Creek has a commission/manager form of government. Cities that follow this plan of government have an elected commission (or council) that appoints a professionally trained and experienced manager to administer the day-to-day operations of the city and to make recommendations to the city commission. Battle Creek also appoints a City Attorney, who provides legal counsel to the City Manager and City Commission.

The City Commission makes all policy decisions, including review, revision and final approval of the annual budget, which is proposed annually by the City Manager. The City Manager serves as an "at-will" employee and he works under an employment contract with the commission. All other city employees, with the exception of the City Attorney’s staff, are under the supervision of the City Manager.

There are five ward commissioners. Residents cast votes for a ward representative, who must live within the area they are representing, as well as for four at-large commissioners. These candidates may live anywhere in the city. All commissioners serve two-year terms and all terms begin and end at the same election. The next commission election will be fall of 2015.

Each November, the commission holds a special meeting to decide which commissioners serve as Mayor and Vice Mayor for the next year. The Mayor presides over the commission meetings and appoints commissioners and residents to special committees. He may also form special committees to explore community challenges or potential policies. The Vice Mayor stands in if the Mayor is unavailable.[24]

Economy

Largest employers

According to the City's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[25] the largest employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Kellogg 2,500
2 Denso 2,085
3 Hart-Dole-Inouye Federal Center 1,556
4 Bronson Battle Creek 1,400
5 Battle Creek VA Medical Center 1,300
6 Michigan Air National Guard 1,127
7 Battle Creek Public Schools 1,089
8 Kellogg Community College 920
9 I I Stanley 750
10 Family Fare 700
10 Duncan Aviation 700

Education

Colleges and universities

Public school districts

High schools (public)

High schools (private)

Secondary schools

Foreign-language education

The Battle Creek Japanese School (バトルクリーク補習授業校 Batoru Kurīku Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a supplementary weekend Japanese school, holds its classes at the Lakeview School District building.[40]

Culture

Print media

Radio and television

Battle Creek is served by several radio and television stations, including:

Radio

Television

WNWN-FM and WKFR are typically the top-rated radio stations in the market. The area can also receive radio and TV broadcasts from Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Lansing and other nearby cities.

Festivals

2010 World's Longest Breakfast Table

Music

Battle Creek is home to The Music Center,[46] which serves South Central Michigan.

The Battle Creek Symphony Orchestra is based at the W.K. Kellogg Auditorium in downtown Battle Creek.[47] The symphony is conducted by Anne Harrigan. It is Michigan's longest-running symphony orchestra.

The Brass Band of Battle Creek is composed of 31 brass players and percussionists from around the United States and Europe. "Created in 1989 by brothers Jim and Bill Gray, podiatrists and amateur brass players from Battle Creek, MI, the BBBC has grown to cult status in Battle Creek, where BBBC concerts are regularly sold out and waiting lists are created weeks in advance."[48]

Leilapalooza - The Leila Arboretum Music Festival is a free summer music festival held at the Leila Arboretum. Proceeds benefit the Leila Arboretum Society and Kingman Museum.[49]

Sports

Battle Creek is host annually to the Michigan High School Athletic Association team wrestling, volleyball, baseball, and softball state championships. The town receives quarterly boosts to its economy from the fans that flock there to follow their teams.[50]

Each year, Battle Creek hosts the Sandy Koufax 13S World Series, for 13-year-old baseball players.

In August, 2010, Battle Creek was host to the eighth edition of the International H.K.D Games.

Sports teams

Downtown Battle Creek

The Battle Creek Bombers are a collegiate baseball team, a member of the Northwoods League, who began play in 2007. After a last place finish in 2010, the Bombers went 47-26 in 2011 and won their first NWL championship.[51] It was the first championship in Battle Creek since 2000, when the Michigan Battle Cats won the Midwest League championship. The team's home is C.O. Brown Stadium. In 2011, the team signed a 5-year lease which guarantees the teams 10 year anniversary in Battle Creek in 2017. Actor Tyler Hoechlin, who starred alongside Tom Hanks in the critically acclaimed film "Road to Perdition", previously played for the Battle Creek Bombers.

The Battle Creek Knights are a minor league basketball team. They were a charter member of the International Basketball League (IBL) and went 21-0 during the league's first season in 2005, winning the championship. The team's home is Kellogg Arena. After announcing in July 2009 that they would sit out the 2009 season, in October the team announced that they would return to play in the International Basketball League.[52]

The Battle Creek Revolution are a member of the All American Hockey League and began play in 2008. The team's home is Revolution Arena.

The Battle Creek Blaze is a not-for-profit, adult football team that plays NFL rules football as a member of the IFL (Interstate Football League). The Blaze organization raises funds and community awareness in the fight against cancer. They are in their sixth season of operation, and won the IFL North Division Championship in 2010.[53]

The Battle Creek Cereal Killers roller derby team began in 2011.[54]

Former sports teams

The Michigan Battle Cats/Battle Creek Yankees/Southwest Michigan Devil Rays were a Class A minor league baseball team that played in the Midwest League from 1995 through 2006. The team's home was C.O. Brown Stadium.

The Battle Creek Crunch, were a member of the Great Lakes Indoor Football League (GLIFL), that began play in 2006. They played one season in Battle Creek before ceasing operations due to financial trouble. The team's home was Kellogg Arena.

The Battle Creek Belles, a member of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, played two seasons, 1951 and 1952, before relocating to Muskegon.

Points of interest

Kellogg House

Fort Custer Army National Guard Base

Founded in 1917, Camp Custer, as it was then known, would over the next decades serve as a training ground, from World War I until the present. Parts of the base were spun off and developed as the Battle Creek Veteran's Hospital, Fort Custer National Cemetery, Fort Custer Recreation Area and Fort Custer Industrial Park. This industrial park contains more than 90 different companies.

The United States Government still owns the land, under an arrangement by which the state of Michigan administers and manages the property. The base, which is still mostly undeveloped, wooded land, takes up a sizable portion of Battle Creek's land area. The part of the base in Battle Creek that is now the industrial park measures 4.69 square miles (12.15 km2) in area, which is approximately 10.6% of the city's area. A much larger part of the base lies in Kalamazoo County. The adjoining W.K. Kellogg Airport is a joint civilian-Air National Guard facility.

Transportation

Battle Creek is situated on Interstate 94 (I-94) midway between Detroit and Chicago.

Railroad and bus lines

The Battle Creek Amtrak Station serves Amtrak trains on the south end of the station and Greyhound and Indian Trails bus lines on the north side of the station. The Canadian National Railroad and Norfolk Southern Railway provide freight service to the city.

Public transportation

Battle Creek Transit provides public transit services to Battle Creek area residents. Regular route bus service is provided throughout the City of Battle Creek.

Major highways

Aviation

Kalamazoo's Kalamazoo-Battle Creek International Airport serves Battle Creek. Locally, W. K. Kellogg Airport serves the general aviation needs of the community. The airport is also home to Western Michigan University's College of Aviation, Duncan Aviation, WACO Classic Aircraft Corp. the world's only bi-plane manufacturer,[63] and formerly, the Michigan Air National Guard's 110th Fighter Wing which flies the A-10 and O/A-10 aircraft.

Notable people

Sister cities

Battle Creek has sister cities relationships with the following cities:

Battle Creek's official Sister City is Takasaki, Japan, a relationship that is more than 25 years old. Takasaki later established Sister City relationships with Santo Andre, Brazil; Chengde, China; Pilsen, Czech Republic and, in 2006, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines. These cities take turns hosting an environmental conference each year to allow technical and administrative staff to share ideas and projects for addressing environmental concerns.

Battle Creek and Takasaki also organize junior high and high school student and teacher exchanges each summer.

References

  1. ↑ "City of Battle Creek, Michigan". City of Battle Creek, Michigan. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  2. ↑ "Mayor and Commission". battlecreekmi.gov.
  3. ↑ "City Manager". battlecreekmi.gov.
  4. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  5. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  6. ↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
  7. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  8. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  9. 1 2 Peirce, Henry B. (2005) [1877]. "The City of Battle Creek". History of Calhoun county, Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Library. p. 79. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  10. ↑ History of Battle Creek Township and City, Calhoun County MIGenWen (Michigan Genealogy on the Web), accessed 2008-01-25
  11. ↑ Romig, Walter (1986) [1973]. Michigan Place Names. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1838-X.
  12. ↑ Battle Creek history page Archived September 27, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ A Thumbnail History of Battle Creek and Calhoun County, Michigan, Willard Library. Accessed 2005-01-25
  14. ↑ Indian names in Michigan, origin of "Battle Creek". Books.google.com.
  15. ↑ History and Direction of Calhoun County Accessed 2011-01-20
  16. ↑ Ringes, Laura (1913). "Battle Creek Township". In Washington Gardner, History of Calhoun County, Michigan, Vol. I, pp. 169-73. The Lewis Publishing Company.
  17. ↑ Heritage Battle Creek website, http://www.heritagebattlecreek.org/ Accessed 8/29/2013
  18. ↑ Battle Creek Comprehensive Plan, Battle Creek Planning Department, accessed June 13, 2011
  19. ↑ "Weatherbase". Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  20. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  21. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Multinational Monitor, November 1982". Multinationalmonitor.org. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
  23. ↑ Stone, Cal. "State's Japanese employees increasing." (Archive) Observer & Eccentric. Gannett Company. April 11, 2013. Retrieved on May 5, 2013.
  24. ↑ Battle Creek government description. Archived December 13, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ↑ "City of Battle Creek 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report" (PDF). Retrieved February 13, 2011.
  26. ↑ Battle Creek Public Schools. "Battle Creek Public Schools". battlecreekpublicschools.org.
  27. ↑ "Home - Harper Creek Community Schools". harpercreek.net.
  28. ↑ "Pennfield Schools Web Site!". Pennfield.k12.mi.us. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
  29. ↑ http://webserver.battle-creek.k12.mi.us/schools/central-high-school/
  30. ↑ "Welcome to Calhoun Community High School". calhounhs.org.
  31. ↑ "Lakeview High School". lakeviewspartans.org.
  32. ↑ "Lakeview High School Library". Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  33. ↑ "Award recipient". American Library Association. 2008. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  34. ↑ "Error!".
  35. ↑ "Battle Creek Academy :: Home". battlecreekacademy.com.
  36. ↑ "Bedford Bible Church School". greatschools.org.
  37. ↑ "Calhoun Christian School". calhounchristian.org.
  38. ↑ "Innovation Through Inspiration". bcamsc.org.
  39. ↑ Calhoun ISD. "CACC". calhounisd.org.
  40. ↑ "Home." Battle Creek Japanese School. Retrieved on May 7, 2014.
  41. ↑ "Our history". Battle Creek Enquirer. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  42. ↑ "Daily newspaper". Battle Creek Enquirer. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Battle Creek's Community Access Television Station". accessvision.tv.
  44. ↑ "Battle Creek Field of Flight Air Show & Balloon Festival!". bcballoons.com.
  45. ↑ "International Festival of Lights". battlecreekmich.com.
  46. ↑ "The Music Center - Schools, Chorus and the Battle Creek Symphony". yourmusiccenter.org.
  47. ↑ Battle Creek Symphony Concerts
  48. ↑ "Brass Band of Battle Creek". Bbbc.net. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
  49. ↑ Rebecca Thiele. "Leilapalooza hopes to revitalize Battle Creek music scene". wmuk.org.
  50. ↑ "MHSAA baseball, softball tourney boosts local economy". June 16, 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
  51. ↑ "League News | Northwoods League | Get Ready for the Show! | Summer Collegiate Baseball". Northwoods League. August 19, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
  52. ↑ Bill Broderick, "Knights will return to court", Battle Creek Enquirer, October 1, 2009, accessed October 4, 2009
  53. ↑ "Battlecreekblaze.org". battlecreekblaze.org.
  54. ↑ "Battle Creek Cereal Killers Roller Derby". Battle Creek Cereal Killers Roller Derby.
  55. ↑ "Art Center of Battle Creek - Main". artcenterofbattlecreek.org.
  56. ↑ Bailey Park and C.O. Brown Stadium - Home to the Battle Creek Bombers - Pure Michigan Travel
  57. ↑ "Hart-Dole-Inouye Federal Center". gsa.gov.
  58. ↑ "Fort Custer Recreation Area Detail". michigandnr.com.
  59. ↑ "Welcome to Heritage Battle Creek". heritagebattlecreek.org.
  60. ↑ "Kingman Museum". kingmanmuseum.org.
  61. ↑ Archived January 16, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ↑ "Willard Library". willard.lib.mi.us.
  63. ↑ "Waco Classic Aircraft home page". Wacoclassic.com. Retrieved 2013-12-04.

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