Bassel al-Assad

Bassel al-Assad
باسل الأسد
Born 23 March 1962
Damascus, Syria
Died 21 January 1994(1994-01-21) (aged 31)
Damascus, Syria
Allegiance  Syria
Service/branch Syrian Arab Army
Years of service 1983–1994
Rank Lieutenant Colonel
Unit 2nd Special Forces Regiment, 14th Airborne Division
Republican Guard
Commands held 42nd Special Forces Regiment
12th Armoured Battallion, Syrian Arab Republican Guard.
Awards Hero of the Republic
Order of Salahaddin
Relations Hafez al-Assad
Rifaat al-Assad

Bassel al-Assad (also Basil; Arabic: باسل الأسد, Bāssel al Assad; 23 March 1962 – 21 January 1994) was the eldest son of the former Syrian President Hafez al-Assad and the older brother of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. He was widely expected to succeed his father had it not been for his death in a car accident.

Early life and education

Bassel Assad was born on 23 March 1962.[1] He was trained as a civil engineer,[2] and held a PhD in military sciences.[3]

In 1988, regarding his relations with his father he told Patrick Seale "we saw father at home but he was so busy that three days could go by without us exchanging a word with him. We never had breakfast or dinner together, and I don't remember ever having lunch together as a family, or maybe we only did once or twice when state affairs were involved. As a family, we used to spend a day or two in Lattakia in the summer, but then too he used to work in the office and we didn't get to see much of him."[4]

Career and succession

Trained in parachute-jumping,[3] Assad was commissioned in the Special Forces and later switched to the armored corps after training in the Soviet Military Academies. He rapidly became a major and then commander of a brigade in the Republican Guard.[1][5] After Hafez Assad recovered from a serious illness in 1984, Bassel began to accompany his father in his visits.[6]

He first emerged on the national scene in 1987, when he won several equestrian medals at a regional tournament.[5] The Baath Party press in Syria long ago eulogised Bassel Assad as "the golden knight" due to his prowess in horsemanship.[7] Bassel also had a reputation for his interest in fast cars.[8] It was said by officials in Damascus that he was uncorrupted and honest.[7] His friends and teachers describe him as charismatic and commanding.[9]

He was appointed head of presidential security.[10][11] In addition, he launched the Syrian Computer Society in 1989, which was later headed by his brother Bashar.[12]

Originally President Hafez Assad's younger brother Rifaat al-Assad was his chosen successor,[3] but he unsuccessfully attempted to replace him when Hafez was in a coma in 1984. Following this incident, Bassel Assad was groomed to succeed his father.[13][14] However, elder Assad's efforts intensified to make him to be the next president of Syria in the early 1990s.[3] Since his last election victory in 1991, President Hafez Assad was publicly referred to as "Abu Basil" (Father of Bassel).[15] He was being introduced to European and Arab leaders at that period, and he was a close friend of the children of King Hussein of Jordan. He had been also introduced to King Fahd and then Lebanese leaders of all sects.[7] Assad had a significant role in Lebanese affairs.[16] Assad organized a highly publicized anti-corruption campaign within the regime, and frequently appeared in full military uniform at official receptions, signaling the regime's commitment to the armed forces.[8]

Personal life

Bassel is said to have spoken French and Russian fluently.[7] According to leaked US diplomatic cables, he had a relationship with a Lebanese woman, who later married Lebanese journalist and deputy Gebran Tueni.[17]

Death and burial

Photo from a political poster

On 21 January 1994, driving his Mercedes[18] at high speed through fog to Damascus International Airport for a flight to Germany in the early hours of the morning,[19] Bassel is said to have collided with a motorway roundabout without wearing a seatbelt, and he died instantly.[8][20] It was reported that his cousin, Hafez Makhlouf, was with him and hospitalized with injuries after the accident.[20] A chauffeur in the back seat was unhurt.[8] Bassel Assad's body was taken to Al Assad University Hospital[20] and then buried in Qardaha in northern Syria, where his father's body was also later buried.[21][18]

Aftermath

After his death, shops, schools and public offices in Syria closed for three days, and luxury hotels suspended the sale of alcohol in respect.[5] Bassel Assad was elevated by the state into "the martyr of the country, the martyr of the nation and the symbol for its youth."[5] Numerous squares and streets were named after him. The new international swimming complex, various hospitals, sporting clubs, a military academy were named after him. The international airport in Latakia, was named after him bearing the name "Bassel Al Assad international airport" . His statue is found in several Syrian cities, and even after his death he is often pictured on billboards with his father and brother.[5]

Consequences

Bassel Assad's death led to his lesser-known brother Bashar al-Assad, then undertaking postgraduate training in ophthalmology in London, assuming the mantle of President-in-waiting. Bashar Assad became President following the death of Hafez Assad on 10 June 2000.[22] Bassel Assad's posters and his name were also used to secure a smooth transition after Hafez Assad through the slogan "Basil, the Example: Bashar, the Future."[23]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Zisser, Eyal (September 1995). "The Succession Struggle in Damascus". Middle East Forum 2 (3): 57–64. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  2. ↑ "Assad son dies in car accident". Rome News Tribune. 21 June 1994. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Ghadbian, Najib (Autumn 2001). "The New Asad: Dynamics of Continuity and Change in Syria" (PDF). Middle East Journal 55 (4). Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  4. ↑ "Mid-East Realities". Middle East. 11 June 2000. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Sipress, Alan (8 November 1996). "Syria Creates Cult Around Its President's Dead Son Bassel Assad". Inquirer. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  6. ↑ Kathy A. Zahler (1 August 2009). The Assads' Syria. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-8225-9095-8. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Fisk, Robert (22 January 1994). "Syria mourns death of a 'golden son'". The Independent. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Schmidt, William E. (22 January 1994). "Assad's Son Killed in Auto Crash". New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  9. ↑ Bennet, James (10 July 2005). "The Enigma of Damascus" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  10. ↑ Boustany, Nora (22 January 1994). "Car crash kills Assad's son". The Daily Gazette. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
  11. ↑ Edwards, Alex (July–August 2012). "Understanding Dictators" (PDF). The Majalla 1574: 32–37. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  12. ↑ Alterman, Jon B. (1998). "New Media New Politics?" (PDF). The Washington Institute 48. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  13. ↑ Brownlee, Jason (Fall 2007). "The Heir Apparency of Gamal Mubarak" (PDF). Arab Studies Journal: 36–56. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  14. ↑ Hemmer, Christopher (n.d.). Syria Under Bashar Asad: Clinging To His Roots? (PDF). CPC.
  15. ↑ Cook, Steven A. (December 1996). "On the Road: In Asad's Damascus". Middle East Quarterly: 39–43. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
  16. ↑ "Asad insider sees Bashar coming to help, wants to sell US airplanes". Wikileaks. 19 December 1994. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  17. ↑ "Daily "An Nahar" reeling from publisher's assassination, in-house feuding". Wikileaks. 2 February 2006. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  18. 1 2 Bell, Don (November 2009). "Shadowland". National Geographic. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  19. ↑ "Basil Assad killed in car crash". The Press Courier. 21 January 1994. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  20. 1 2 3 Sipress, Alan (22 January 1994). "Assad's Son is Killed in a Car". Inquirer. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  21. ↑ "Hafez Al Assad passes away". Ain Al Yaqeen. 16 June 2000. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  22. ↑ Zisser, Eyal (June 2006). "What does the future hold for Syria?" (PDF). MERIA 10 (2). Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  23. ↑ "Nepotism, cronyism, and weakness in Arabdom". MER. 7 September 1998. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
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