Basilica of Saint Stanislaus Kostka
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Church of St. Stanislaus--Catholic | |
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The basilica in 2015 | |
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| Location | 625 E. 4th Street, Winona, Minnesota |
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| Coordinates | 44°2′49″N 91°37′20″W / 44.04694°N 91.62222°WCoordinates: 44°2′49″N 91°37′20″W / 44.04694°N 91.62222°W |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1894–5 |
| Architect | Charles G. Maybury & Son |
| Architectural style | Polish Cathedral style |
| NRHP Reference # | 84000251[1] |
| Added to NRHP | November 8, 1984 |
The Basilica of Saint Stanislaus Kostka (Polish: Bazylika Świętego Stanisława Kostki) is a historic church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Winona in Winona, Minnesota, United States, and a prominent fixture on the city's skyline. Within the diocese it is better known as Saint Stan's. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as Church of St. Stanislaus--Catholic and was designated as a Minor Basilica of the Roman Catholic Church on November 10, 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI.
History of Saint Stanislaus Kostka Parish
The congregation dates back to April 2, 1871, when leaders of Winona's Kaszubian Polish community formally declared its intent to organize a parish under the patronage of St. Stanislaus Kostka. Prior to this they had been attending Mass at either the "Irish" (Saint Thomas) or the "German" (Saint Joseph) Catholic church, but they wished to worship in their own language and to be led by a Kashubian or Polish pastor. Accordingly, a small wooden sanctuary was constructed at the corner of Fourth and Carimona Streets in 1872.
From its very beginning, the new Saint Stanislaus Kostka Parish served as the religious and the civic center for Winona's Kaszubian Poles. The first permanent pastor was the Reverend Joseph Juskiewicz, who was succeeded in January 1875 by the Reverend Alexander Michnowski. In 1875 the Reverend Jan Romuald Byzewski (1842–1905), a Kaszubian-born Franciscan forced to emigrate from German Poland due to the Kulturkampf, arrived and served as pastor until 1890.
Winona grew rapidly during the 1880s and 1890s, and the continuation of the Kaszubian diaspora played a major part of this population boom. By 1893, Saint Stanislaus Kostka Parish had completely outgrown its old sanctuary. Creation of a satellite Polish parish on Winona's West End was considered; indeed, such a parish, Saint Casimir, would be established in 1906. But as a matter of religious and civic pride, the parishioners of Saint Stanislaus Kostka decided to build a larger, grander 1800-seat structure on the site of their present church.
The Basilica of Saint Stanislaus Kostka
The Basilica of Saint Stanislaus Kostka was designed during the winter of 1893–4 in the Polish Cathedral Style (it has also been attributed to the Romanesque style) by the Winona architectural firm of C.G. Maybury and Son, which had also designed Sacred Heart-Saint Wenceslaus Church in nearby Pine Creek, Wisconsin. The old church was demolished in the spring of 1894, under the direction of then-pastor Reverend Antoni Klawiter. While the new one was built, the parishioners worshiped in the nearby Bohemian parish of Saint John Nepomucene. The foundation stone was laid by the new pastor, Reverend Jakub W.J. Pacholski on October 28, 1894. The Basilica was dedicated on Thanksgiving Day November 28, 1895, by the Most Reverend Joseph B. Cotter, Bishop of Winona. From the very beginning, the Basilica's great golden dome dominated the skyline of Winona, testifying to the piety and thrift of the Kaszubian Polish community which built it at the then-exorbitant cost of $86,000.
The Basilica's interior has undergone many changes over time. It is adorned with beautiful stained glass windows dedicated to various saints and devotions particularly cherished by Kaszubian Poles, with inscriptions in Polish. On Thanksgiving Day, 1920, the parish celebrated the Basilica's dedication by consecrating a massive marble altar with a canopy supported by four massive marble pillars. New sanctuary furniture, new confessionals, and a pipe organ were installed by Reverend Pacholski's successor as pastor, the Reverend Jozef Cieminski (a parishioner in his youth), along with landscaping of the entire church property. Some of the Basilica's original furnishings, along with many contemporary furnishings preserved from other diocese churches, can be viewed at the nearby Polish Cultural Institute and Museum.
At 7:40 pm on Sunday, June 5, 1966, lightning from a severe electrical storm struck the Basilica's dome. According to the parish's Centennial History,[2] the dome turned bright red when the lightning bolt struck and flames burst out the windows from the wooden framework inside. After costly and expensive repairs were performed, the Basilica was re-opened on Sunday, December 11, 1966. The Basilica's exterior was once more washed and renovated in preparation for the parish's centennial anniversary celebration on May 15–16, 1971. In 1991–1992 another extensive renovation project resulted in the main dome and towers being covered in metal.[3] The current seating capacity is now 1085 people, due to numerous renovations over the years.[4]
The basilica was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for having local significance in the theme of architecture.[5] It was nominated for its fine architecture, a prominent manifestation of what was for decades Minnesota's largest Polish American community.[6]
Saint Stanislaus Kostka Parish School
Founded in the early 1880s by Reverend Byzewski, the first Saint Stanislaus Kostka School was a one-room frame building. Classes were taught by the first parish organist, Dominik Hamerski. The school was gradually expanded to six rooms and on September 5, 1887 it was placed in the charge of the School Sisters of Notre Dame. A substantial brick convent was built for the Sisters soon afterward, to the east of the Basilica. By 1903 almost 700 students were enrolled in grades one through six, necessitating a new school to be built immediately south of the Basilica, which was completed in 1905. In 1966 this school building was demolished and a modern school building built in its place. This modern school building continues to serve Saint Stanislaus Elementary School to this day.
See also
- List of Catholic churches in the United States
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Winona County, Minnesota
References
- ↑ Staff (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
- ↑ St. Stanislaus Parish 1871-1971, Winona: privately published, 1971.
- ↑ Saint Stanislaus Kostka Basilica/St. John Nepomucene parish website
- ↑ Ron Galewski, "Minnesota Now Has Two Minor Basilicas," Przejocel Ledu Kaszebsczego (Friend of the Kashubian People) Volume XV, no. 4 (Winter 2011), p. 4.
- ↑ "Church of Saint Stanislaus (Catholic)". Minnesota National Register Properties Database. Minnesota Historical Society. 2009. Retrieved 2015-06-23.
- ↑ Frame III, Robert M. (August 1984). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form: St. Stanislaus Polish Catholic Church" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
External links
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