Bardhok Biba

Bardhok Biba (January 1920 - August 9, 1949) was a key figure of the Mirdita region. He was awarded the People's Hero of Albania award.[1]

Bardhok Biba

Life

He was born in Shkodër sometime in January 1920. During his elementary school years he was in a boarding school in Orosh. He later completed his high school education in Shkodra. Bardhok was part of the Markolaj branch of the wider Gjonmarkaj tribe of Mirdita.[2]

Activity

He came in Shkodra into contact with Emin Duraku, Branko Kadia, Jordan Misja and Perlat Rexhepi, Sadik Bekteshi, Hajdar Dushi, Xheladin Hana from Kosovo, Nazmi Rushiti, Tom Kola and other communist activists. He was influenced by these men and their ideas and attitudes, and ended up being excluded from school and accompanied by the military police to Orosh. His house would be burned and his father killed by anti-communists during the war. He lived underground for sometime until he was drawn into the war, first in the southern part and later as Commissar in Pukë, and Mirdita regions, teaching and spreading communist propaganda. After the liberation, he was elected member of the National Assembly of Mirdita in 1947. On December 23, 1948 he was appointed Political Secretary of the Communist for the Mirditë District. During this period he dealt extensively with the problems facing the poverty and educational system in the region. He bought this to the attention of the government, and contributed in establishing a platform for forgiveness of over 500 blood feuds, including his brother's (executed during the war).[3] Bardhok Biba takes credit for opening over 50 schools in the region; the existing ones that time were only 6 with 300 pupils.[2]

Assassination

Exactly in one of the tasks in the area and Kaçinar in Orosh, he was pinpointed to get killed by the "Committee of the Mountains" (Albanian: Komiteti i Maleve), one of the anti-communist resistance guerrillas led by former clan leaders and bajraktars, the most prominent belonging to Gjon Markagjoni clan. He was ambushed in an area called "Qafë-Valmiri" and was shot twice. The body was found with a small note in the vicinity, crediting the execution to the Mountains Committee.[3] The real executors were never found, but voices point to close relatives of Markagjoni which were non-very distant relatives of Bardhok as well.[2]
The reaction from the Communist side was strong and harsh, Mehmet Shehu's promise in a telegram sent to the family was to kill 100 men from the Committee side. On August 9, 1949, just two days after the assassination of Bardhok, People's Protection Brigade located in Qafë-Shtamë deployed a fierce operation in Mirdita under the command of Colonel Zija Kambo and Mehdi Bilbili, arresting about 300 people. About 300 families were gathered together and displaced in internment campus in Tepelena. 29 persons were proceeded in court, the prosecution side asking death penalty for 20 of them, out of which 14 were executed.[3] On August 17, the following persons were executed:

  1. Preng Ded Kola, from Orosh, hanging.
  2. Pjetër D. Vila, from Kaçinar, hanging.
  3. Dodë Mark Biba, from Kthellë e Epërme, hanging
  4. Pjetër Paloka, from Kaçinar, hanging
  5. Nikollë Bardhok Bajraktari, from Rrëshen, shooting
  6. Llesh Gjon Melyshi, from Malaj, shooting
  7. Nikoll Llesh Bajraktari, from Orosh, shooting
  8. Ndrecë Mark Ndoj, from Kaçinar, shooting
  9. Bardhok Dodë Gjini, from Prosek, shooting
  10. Gjok Gjin Kaçi, from Bukmirë, shooting
  11. Gjergj Beleshi, from Kthellë e Epërme, (as a replacement for his fugitive brother Doda)
  12. Ndoc Gjet Cupi, from Blinisht, shooting
  13. Preng Shkurt Nikolli, from Orosh, shooting
  14. Frrok Mata, from Kaçinar, shooting

Legacy

Bardhok Biba will be held as the symbol of Mirdita for around 40 years, until after the Fall of communism in Albania, his monument together with the one of Pal Mëlyshi and other communist heroes would be removed. The Albanian movie Commissar of Light (Albanian: Komisari i Dritës), directed by Dhimitër Anagnosti, was partly dedicated to Bardhok Biba. His contribute to the economic and social development of the region, and especially his successful efforts in resolving blood feuds, were re-brought into attention by Rrëshen local government, awarding him "Honorary Citizen" of the town in 2012. Biba is considered the founder of the Rrëshen municipality, transforming it from a village into an administrative center.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Isuf Nelaj (1983), Bardhok Biba (in Albanian), Tirana: Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori", LCCN 85107026, retrieved 2013-11-16
  2. 1 2 3 Kolë Ndreka (2013-08-07), Gusht ’49, Bardhok Biba u vra nga kushërinjtë e tij [August 1949, Bardhok Biba got killed by his own cousins] (in Albanian), Shekulli Online, retrieved 2013-11-16
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hasan Pasha (2012-05-07), E vrau "Komiteti i maleve", titull nderi Bardhok Bibës [Killed by the "Mountains Committee", honorary title to Bardhok Biba] (in Albanian), Rreshen: Panorama Online, retrieved 2013-11-16
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