Barbara Franklin

Barbara Franklin
29th United States Secretary of Commerce
In office
February 27, 1992 – January 20, 1993
President George H. W. Bush
Preceded by Robert Mosbacher
Succeeded by Ron Brown
Personal details
Born Barbara Ann Hackman
(1940-03-19) March 19, 1940
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Wallace Barnes (1986–present)
Alma mater Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Harvard University

Barbara Hackman Franklin (born March 19, 1940) is President and Chief Executive Officer of Barbara Franklin Enterprises, a private international consulting firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. She is an advocate for and adviser to American companies doing business in international markets, notably China, and is an expert on corporate governance, auditing, and financial reporting practices.

A graduate of Pennsylvania State University and one of the first women graduates of Harvard Business School, Franklin served as United States Secretary of Commerce under George H.W. Bush, was one of the original Commissioners and first Vice Chair of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, and was a staff assistant to President Richard Nixon. Altogether, Franklin has served five U.S. Presidents and, in 2006, received the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service. She is married to Wallace Barnes, retired chairman and CEO of Barnes Group, Inc.

Early life and family

Born as Barbara Ann Hackman in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, to Mayme (née Haller) and Arthur A. Hackman. She attended Hempfield High School in Landisville, Pennsylvania. Prior to her graduation in 1958, she was the class valedictorian, president of the Student council, captain of the field hockey and tennis teams, and a cheerleader.

In 1962, Franklin graduated with distinction from Penn State University and received its Distinguished Alumni Award in 1972. She is a sister of Kappa Alpha Theta and was its Beta Phi chapter president. At Penn State, she was the President of Mortar Board, Secretary-Treasurer of Pi Sigma Alpha, a member on the Liberal Arts Student Council, and a representative to the Student Government Association. Dorothy Lipp, the Dean of Women at Penn State, nominated Franklin for a full-scholarship to the Harvard Business School, which was, for the first time, opening its doors to women and would accept one nomination from Penn State. Franklin entered the newly co-ed Harvard Business School in 1962 as one of 14 women in a class of 680 men.[1] In 1964, Franklin received her M.B.A. from Harvard Business School, and was honored with an Alumni Achievement Award in 2004.

For several years after her graduation, she worked in the corporate world. She joined the Singer Company in New York City, first in the consumer products division and then as a member of the corporate planning staff. At Singer, she became manager of environmental analysis, creating a new function that tracked competitive activity globally. After four years there, she became the assistant vice president on the corporate planning staff of the First National City Bank (later Citibank) in New York City from 1969-1971. At the time, she was tasked by the CEO, Walter Wriston, to study the Bank's relationships with government entities. Her analysis led to the Bank's creation of the first government relations department. She headed this department until 1971.[2][3]

Government service

Nixon Administration

In 1971, while at the First National City Bank, Franklin was recruited by President Richard Nixon to bring more qualified women into high-level, policy-making government positions. Her appointment was part of a multi-pronged initiative by the Nixon Administration following a press conference on February 6, 1969. During this press conference, Vera Glaser, a reporter for the North American Newspaper Alliance, asked President Nixon, “Mr. President, in staffing your administration, you have so far made about 200 high-level Cabinet and other policy position appointments, and of these only three have gone to women. Can you tell us, sir, whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women’s abilities, or are we going to remain a lost sex?” [3]

In February 1971, Nixon gave Fred Malek, head of Presidential Personnel to Nixon and a former classmate of Franklin’s at Harvard Business School, the task of hiring a woman who would spearhead the effort to recruit other women for policy-making government jobs. Malek asked Franklin to be this recruiter, and on April 12, 1971, Franklin began her position for this presidential initiative. An official press release from the White House announced Franklin on April 22, 1971 as a “Staff Assistant to the President for Executive Manpower” – a title that was later changed simply to “Staff Assistant to the President” after her first press conference, wherein the press questioned how she could recruit women with the word "Manpower" in her title.[3]

On April 21, 1971, Nixon issued a directive to the heads of White House departments and independent agencies to create specific action plans to “clearly demonstrate our recognition of the equality of women by making greater use of their skills in high level positions.” He required these executive departments to (1) Develop and put into action a plan for attracting more qualified women to top appointive positions by the end of the year; (2) Develop and put into action a plan for significantly increasing the number of women, career and appointive, in mid-level positions; (3) Ensure the substantial numbers of the vacancies on their Advisory Boards and Committees be filled with well-qualified women; and (4) Designate an overall coordinator who will be held responsible for the success of the project. On each of these requirements, Nixon required the heads to submit their plans no later than May 15, 1971.[4] Following the release of this memorandum, Franklin was charged with monitoring the implementation progress on each departments' action plans.

By April 1972, along with the other Presidential initiatives, Franklin’s efforts led to the tripling of the number of women placed into policy-making positions, from 36 women to 105 women, in this first year alone. By May 1973, this number further increased to 130 women, and Franklin had created a talent bank of 1,000 qualified women for future openings. More than half of these policy-making positions to which women were appointed during this time were previously held only by men.[5] Among them were Cynthia Holcomb Hall, judge on the United States Tax Court; Marina von Neumann Whitman, the first woman on the President's Council of Economic Advisers; Romana Banuelos, the first Hispanic to be U.S. treasurer; Betty Southard Murphy, general counsel of the National Labor Relations Board; and Dixy Lee Ray, the first and only woman to chair the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.[3]

At the mid-level, more than 1,000 women were advanced into many positions that women had never held before, such as sky marshals, tug boat captains, FBI agents, and forest rangers.[5][6] The number of women appointed to boards and commissions increased as well, from over 250 in the first year, to 339 women by the end of May 1973. It was during this time that the first women became generals and admirals in the U.S. Armed Forces.[3][5]

A Matter of Simple Justice

The cover illustration of A Matter of Simple Justice: The Untold Story of Barbara Hackman Franklin and A Few Good Women by Lee Stout (Penn State University Libraries)

On March 8, 2012, the book A Matter of Simple Justice: The Untold Story of Barbara Hackman Franklin and A Few Good Women was launched at the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C., in a program covered by C-SPAN and moderated by Judy Woodruff of PBS NewsHour. The book is written by Lee Stout, Librarian Emeritus and former Head of Public Services and Outreach for Special Collections at the Penn State University Libraries. When he retired in 2007, Stout had served as Penn State’s university archivist for 27 years.[7] In 1994, Franklin donated her governmental papers to the Penn State University Archives. Stout was cataloging Franklin’s papers when he became interested in those which detailed her service to recruit women in the Nixon Administration. He called Franklin and suggested an oral history project to preserve the memories of the men and women involved in this Presidential initiative.[8]

In 1997, the “A Few Good Women” oral history project was created with an Advisory Board chaired by Franklin and with a cooperative relationship with the Penn State University Libraries. Initially, the Board had a list of twelve women appointees from the Nixon administration to be interviewed, including the Honorable Margita White and the Honorable Helen Delich Bentley, former Congresswoman and Chair of the Federal Maritime Commission. The list eventually expanded to include 47 interviews, which are currently housed in the Special Collections Library at Penn State University.[9][10]

A Matter of Simple Justice: The Untold Story of Barbara Hackman Franklin and A Few Good Women is based on the “A Few Good Women” oral history project. In a two-part format, the book first focuses primarily on the historical narrative of the Nixon administration’s efforts to bring women into high-level government positions, Franklin’s specific efforts, and the results of this period. In the second part of the book, Stout highlights the personal stories of many of the other interviewees from this project, such as Ambassador Anne Armstrong, Senator Elizabeth Dole, Judge Cynthia Hall, and Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Carla Hills. Interviewees talk about early influences, breaking down barriers, the impact on family, the role of networking, and the particular challenge of gaining entry to the legal profession.

The “A Few Good Women” project has received major funding from the Aetna Foundation, which has also provided grants for the “A Few Good Women” teaching aids project, designed by Penn State University Libraries staff. The teaching aids are designed to provide the oral histories, biographies, audio segments, images, and digitized historical documents of the “A Few Good Women” collection in the form of a curriculum for students in grades 6-12.[3][11]

Consumer Product Safety Commission

Franklin’s accomplishments as a staff assistant to President Nixon led to her nomination by Nixon as one of the first of five original commissioners of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). She was sworn in on May 14, 1973 for a term of seven years. She served under presidents Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter. On June 13, 1973, she was elected and served as the first Vice Chairman of the CPSC until 1974.[12] She served again as the Vice Chairman from 1977-1978. During these years, Franklin concentrated on improving safety for children, pioneering the use of cost/benefit analysis, and pushing for a better managed governmental approach to the control of carcinogens.[13]

Part-time presidential appointments

Prior to her appointment as Secretary of Commerce, Franklin held several part-time presidential appointment positions, including her membership of the President’s Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations (1982–86; 89-91) by appointment of presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. She chaired the Task Force of Tax reform (1985–86) and was a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (1991). She was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and confirmed by the U.S. Senate to serve as an Alternative Representative & Public Delegate, UN General Assembly, 44th Session (1989–90).[13]

Secretary of Commerce

Franklin being sworn in as the Secretary of Commerce.

On December 26, 1991, President George H.W. Bush announced his intention to nominate Franklin as the 29th Secretary of Commerce, replacing Robert Mosbacher.[14] This nomination was approved by the United States Senate and shortly thereafter she was sworn in on February 27, 1992, which made Franklin the highest-ranking woman in the George H.W. Bush administration and the 13th woman to serve in the US Cabinet.[2][15]

As Secretary of Commerce, she achieved a major goal: increasing American exports, most notably with China, Russia, Japan, and Mexico. She led a Presidential mission to China in December 1992 for the purpose of normalizing commercial relations between the United States and China. In China, she and her counterpart, Minister Li Lanqing, reconvened the Seventh Session of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT). The JCCT had been moribund since the events at Tiananmen Square in June 1989, when the U.S. placed a sanction on China banning high-level government-to-government contact. Her mission lifted that sanction and brought back $1 billion in new contracts for American companies. This mission gave a "green light" to U.S. companies interested in business opportunities in China, and trade with China grew dramatically in the ensuing years as did U.S. investment in China.[13]

In a letter to the editor of the New York Times published on December 29, 1992, Franklin said:[16]

Several weeks ago President Bush asked me to lead a Presidential mission to China, following his decision to resume high-level economic talks with the Chinese. The driving rationale for the mission was to promote economic growth and jobs in the United States by insuring that American businesses have the support and opportunity to capitalize on the booming Chinese market, growing at 12 percent a year... President Bush’s policy of constructive engagement is a long-term investment in our economic future and is already delivering results in China and in the United States...The interagency delegation I led to China and Hong Kong came back with almost $1 billion in business, and more important, we made it abundantly clear to the Chinese that they must address our concerns over the growing trade imbalance between China and the United States.

In January 1993, Franklin’s appointment as Commerce Secretary ended with the inauguration of Bill Clinton to the presidency.

Political activity

Franklin has been a participant in every Republican convention from 1972-2008 as a delegate, organizer, or speaker, and has been involved in numerous campaigns, both on the national and state levels. Franklin was an early supporter of George H. W. Bush following his bid for the 1988 nomination. She was co-chair of the national finance committee, organized outreach activities, and chaired a fundraising dinner in 1991 for his campaign that raised more than $1 million.[17]

Business and corporate governance

In 1979, Franklin was named a Senior Fellow of the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. From 1980-1988, she worked and lectured at the Wharton School's MBA program and served as the director of the Wharton Government and Business Program. At Wharton, Franklin recreated a program to bring MBA candidates to Washington, D.C. as part of their course work. In 1984, she founded Franklin Associates, a management and consulting firm, where she served as the President and CEO until 1992.[2]

Following her departure from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Franklin was offered seats on the boards of several large U.S. companies, such as Dow Chemical, Aetna, Inc., and Westinghouse. By the end of the 1980s, Franklin was on the boards of seven large companies and was cited by the American Management Association as one of the 50 most influential corporate directors in America. Franklin has served on the board of directors of 14 public companies and three private companies. She has served on every possible board committee, and has chaired six public company audit committees, two governance committees, and has served as lead director. She was non-executive Chairman of Guest Services, Inc.

Currently, she is a member of the board of Aetna, Inc, a trustee of three funds in the American Funds family of mutual funds and a member of the International Advisory Board of Lafarge, Paris, France. She became Chairman Emerita of the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) in May 2013, following the completion of a four-year term during which NACD expanded dramatically. She is Chairman Emerita of the Economic Club of New York, of which she served as the first woman Chairman, and is the immediate past president and first woman president of the Management Executives' Society.

She is a board member and Secretary-Treasurer of the U.S.-China Business Council, a board member of the National Committee on United States – China Relations, the Atlantic Council, the Committee for Economic Development (CED), the Richard Nixon Foundation and the National Symphony Orchestra. She is a member of the Advisory Council of the Kissinger Institute on China and the United States at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Foreign Policy Association, the International Women’s Forum and member emeritus of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Advisory Council. She is a former trustee of the Pennsylvania State University and a former member of the Board of Dean's Advisors at Harvard Business School.

Franklin is a founding member of Executive Women in Government and of the Women's Forum of Washington, D.C. Franklin has been a regular commentator on international economic matters and corporate governance on national media sources, most notably PBS's Nightly Business Report.[13]

Awards and honorary degrees

Governance awards

Leadership awards

Franklin is also included in numerous “Who’s Who” publications.

Honorary degrees

[13]

References

  1. ↑ What do you think?. "Conversations from Penn State: Barbara Franklin". Conversations.psu.edu. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  2. 1 2 3 "Barbara Hackman Franklin". Pabook.libraries.psu.edu. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stout, Lee. “A Matter of Simple Justice: The Untold Story of Barbara Hackman Franklin and a Few Good Women.” Penn State Libraries, 2012.
  4. ↑ "Richard Nixon: Memorandum About Women in Government". Presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  5. 1 2 3 "4.28.72 - RN Issues Statement About the Status of Women Within the Administration - The New Nixon". Blog.nixonfoundation.org. 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  6. ↑ Hackman, Barbara (2012-06-13). "GUEST COLUMN: Leading the Way for Women in Government". Free Enterprise. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  7. ↑ "Lee J. Stout | Society of American Archivists". .archivists.org. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  8. ↑ http://www.libraries.psu.edu/findingaids/1.htm
  9. ↑ "Book Discussion on [A Matter of Simple Justice] - C-SPAN Video Library". C-spanvideo.org. 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  10. ↑ "A Few Good Women". Afgw.libraries.psu.edu. 2009-04-02. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  11. ↑ Stout, Lee. "Book Information". A Matter of Simple Justice. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  12. ↑ "CPSC - Barbara Franklin Elected Vice Chairman Of Newly Created Consumer Product Safety Commission". Cpsc.gov. 1973-06-13. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "Barbara Franklin Enterprises - The Honorable Barbara Hackman Franklin". Bhfranklin.com. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  14. ↑ "Businesswoman Chosen to Lead Commerce Dept. - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. 1991-12-27. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  15. ↑ Published: February 19, 1992 (1992-02-19). "A Panel Backs Bush Nominees - New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  16. ↑ Published: December 29, 1992 (1992-12-29). "Talks With China Mean Jobs for U.S. - New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  17. ↑ "Commerce Secretary Nomination - C-SPAN Video Library". C-spanvideo.org. 1991-12-26. Retrieved 2013-08-25.

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Robert Mosbacher		 United States Secretary of Commerce
1992–1993 		Succeeded by
Ron Brown
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