Back examination

A Back examination is a portion of a physical examination used to identify potential pathology involving the back.

In addition to the general examinations performed on any joint (inspection, palpation, range of motion, and distal pulse, strength, sensation, and reflexes), there are several specialized maneuvers specific to the back examination. These components include:

Evidence from the back examination indicating possible spinal damage may prompt a rectal examination to identify intact tone.

References

↑ Fritz Hefti; Reinald Brunner; Carol C. Hasler; Gernot Jundt (2007). Pediatric Orthopedics in Practice. Springer. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-3-540-69963-7. Retrieved 25 June 2011.

Orthopedic examination

General

Lower Limb

Hip examination	Galeazzi test Allis test Barlow maneuver Ober's test Ortolani test Patrick's test Thomas test Trendelenburg's sign

Knee examination	Apley grind test Ballottement Clarke's test Drawer test Lachman test McMurray test Patella tap Pivot-shift test Wilson test Valgus stress test

Foot & Ankle	Hubscher's maneuver Mulder's sign Simmonds' test Thompson test

Upper Limb

Shoulder examination	Apprehension test Jobe's test Gerber's test Hawkins–Kennedy test Neer impingement sign O'Brien's test Speed's test Yergason's test

Elbow examination	Cozen's test Elbow extension test

Wrist & Hand	Durkan's test Finkelstein's test Froment's sign Lunotriquetral shear test Phalen maneuver Tinel sign Watson's test

Spine

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