BMW OHV V8 engine

BMW OHV V8 engine

BMW OHV V8 installed in a BMW 503
Overview
Manufacturer BMW
Production 1954–1965
Combustion chamber
Configuration OHV V8, 16 valves
Displacement 2.6 L: 2,580 cc (157 cu in)
3.2 L: 3,168 cc (193.3 cu in)
Cylinder bore 2.6 L: 74 mm (2.9 in)
3.2 L: 82 mm (3.2 in)
Piston stroke 75 mm (3.0 in)
Cylinder block alloy aluminium alloy with cast iron cylinder liners
Cylinder head alloy aluminium alloy
Valvetrain OHV
Combustion
Fuel type petrol
Cooling system liquid cooled
Chronology
Predecessor BMW M335
Successor size: BMW M30
configuration: BMW M60

The BMW OHV V8 engine was the first V8 engine made by BMW. This engine is usually named by the fact that it was the only pushrod-driven overhead valve V8 ever produced by BMW. All subsequent BMW V8 engines would use double overhead camshafts and fuel injection, but the development of the next V8 engine by BMW would not take place for more than three and a half decades.[1]

Introduction

The BMW 501 was the first car made by BMW after World War II. Upon its introduction in 1951, it was the largest and heaviest car BMW had made. It was powered by a straight-6 engine based on a pre-war design, and though power was increased to 65 horsepower (48 kW),[2][3] it was a sluggish performer. Their primary competitor, Mercedes-Benz, fielded the W187 in the same class but with superior performance.[3]

Alfred Böning, BMW's chief engineer at the time, realized that the 501's engine would not be powerful enough. He got permission to design a new, larger engine for the 501, and began the design and development of the V8 engine. The design was finalized by Fritz Fiedler when he returned to BMW in 1952.[4]

In order to reassert their status as the producer of sporty sedans, BMW debuted a version of the 501 sedan with a V8 engine. This was called the BMW 502. This V8 engine was available in 2.6 L (157 in3) and 3.2 L (193 in3) form.

Details and specifications

The engine was an aluminum alloy, longitudinally-mounted 90° V8 with cast iron wet liners and stiffening webs between the cylinders.[5] Apart from the materials, the engine was similar in overall design to Cadillac and Oldsmobile V-8 designs from the late 1940s, with a central camshaft using pushrods to operating overhead valves in crossflow cylinder heads with wedge-shaped combustion chambers.[4][5] The original version had a 74.0 millimetres (2.91 in) bore and a 75.0 millimetres (2.95 in) stroke, giving a displacement of 2,580 cubic centimetres (157 cu in) and a power output of 100 horsepower (75 kW; 100 PS) with a two barrel Solex 30 PAAJ carburettor and a compression ratio of 7.0:1.[6][7]

A larger version was introduced in 1955; the bore was increased to 82.0 millimetres (3.23 in), resulting in a displacement of 3,168 cubic centimetres (193.3 cu in). The larger engine initially produced 120 horsepower (89 kW) with a single Zenith 32 mm carburetor and a compression ratio of 7.2:1, but was later available in higher states of tune, with power ratings reaching 160 horsepower (120 kW) in the 3200 S in 1961.[8]

Models

Models[9][10]
Engine Displacement Carburetors Compression ratio Power Torque Year
M502/1 2,580 cc (157 cu in) Solex 30 PAAJ x 1 7.0:1 100 bhp (75 kW; 101 PS) at 4800 rpm 184 N·m (136 lb·ft) @ 2500 rpm 1954–1961
M502/1 Solex 30 PAAJ x 1 7.0:1 95 bhp (71 kW; 96 PS) at 4800 rpm 1955–1961
M502/100 Zenith 32 NDIX x 1 7.5:1 100 bhp (75 kW; 101 PS) at 4800 rpm 185 N·m (136 lb·ft) @ 2500 rpm 1961–1963
M502/110 Zenith 32 NDIX x 1 7.5:1 110 bhp (82 kW; 112 PS) at 4900 rpm 186 N·m (137 lb·ft) @ 3000 rpm 1961–1963
M533 Zenith 32 NDIX x 1 7.5:1 110 bhp (82 kW; 112 PS) at 4900 rpm 186 N·m (137 lb·ft) @ 3000 rpm 1963
M506/1 3,168 cc (193 cu in) Zenith 32 NDIX x 1 7.2:1 120 bhp (89 kW; 122 PS) at 4900 rpm 214 N·m (158 lb·ft) @ 2500 rpm 1955-1961
M506/140 Zenith 36 NDIX x 1 9.0:1 140 bhp (104 kW; 142 PS) at 5400 rpm 242 N·m (178 lb·ft) @ 3000 rpm 1961-1963
M534 Zenith 36 NDIX x 1 9.0:1 140 bhp (104 kW; 142 PS) at 5400 rpm 242 N·m (178 lb·ft) @ 3000 rpm 1963-1965
M503/1 Zenith 32 NDIX x 2 7.3:1 140 bhp (104 kW; 142 PS) at 4800 rpm 220 N·m (162 lb·ft) @ 3800 rpm 1956-1961
M503/160 Zenith 36 NDIX x 2 9.0:1 160 bhp (119 kW; 162 PS) at 5600 rpm 245 N·m (181 lb·ft) @ 3600 rpm 1961-1963
M532 Zenith 36 NDIX x 2 9.0:1 160 bhp (119 kW; 162 PS) at 5600 rpm 245 N·m (181 lb·ft) @ 3600 rpm 1963
M507/1 Zenith 32 NDIX x 2 7.8:1 150 bhp (112 kW; 152 PS) at 5000 rpm 240 N·m (177 lb·ft) @ 4000 rpm 1956-1959

M502/1

The original 2.6 L version of the engine was developed for the BMW 502 and was introduced with it in 1954.[5][11] A 95 horsepower (71 kW; 96 PS) version of this engine was available in the 501 V8 of 1955.[11][12] In 1958, the 501 V8 and 502 were renamed the 2.6 and 2.6 Luxus respectively, with no changes in engine specification.[8][12]

Applications:[9]

M502/100 and M502/110

In the summer of 1961, the 2.6 L engines were uprated with the Zenith 32 NDIX carburetor from the earlier 3.2 L engines and a 7.5:1 compression ratio. With this upgrade, the 2.6 became the 100 horsepower (75 kW; 100 PS) 2600 and the 2.6 Luxus became the 100 horsepower (75 kW; 100 PS) 2600 L. These cars continued in production until December 1963[13]

Applications:[9]

M533

M533 is version of M502/110 with gearbox directly mounted to engine.[14]

Applications:

M506/1

The 3.2 L engine was developed in 1956, and was offered in the 502-based 3.2 from then until 1961.[8][16]

Applications:

M503/1 and M507/1

BMW's V8 sports models, the 503 and 507, used M503/1 and M507/1 engines respectively, each with a pair of Zenith 32 NDIX two-barrel carburetors. With these, and a compression ratio of 7.5:1, the 503's engine produced 140 horsepower (100 kW) at 5000 rpm. The tuning of the 507's engine went further, with high-lift cams, a different spark advance curve, polished combustion chamber surfaces, and a compression ratio of 7.8:1, producing 150 horsepower (110 kW; 150 PS) at 5000 rpm.[17] Both models were discontinued in March 1959.[18]

The two-carburetor engine from the 503 was used in the 502-based 3.2 Super from 1957 to 1961.[19]

Applications:[10]

M506/140 and M503/160

The single-carburetor 3.2 and two-carburetor 3.2 Super were replaced in 1961 with the M506/140 (140 horsepower (100 kW)) for 3200 L and the M503/160 (160 horsepower (120 kW)) for 3200 S respectively.[8] The increase in power came from larger Zenith 36 NDIX carburetors and a compression ratio of 9.0:1[20]

Production of V8 sedans ended in 1963,[8] but the engine from the 3200 S was used in the 3200 CS coupé from January 1962 to September 1965.[21]

Applications:[8]

M532 and M534

M532 and M534 were replacement for M503/160 and M506/140 with gearbox directly mounted to engine.[14]

Applications:[10]

Use by other manufacturers

Frazer-Nash Continental

Main article: Frazer-Nash

Frazer-Nash, which had been an importer of BMW cars into the United Kingdom, chose the BMW V8 for its Continental model.[22] (Until then, post-war Frazer Nash cars had used the Bristol straight-six engine, which was based on the unit in the pre-war BMW 328.) The Continental was intended to be available with either the 2.6 or 3.2-litre V8, but only a single prototype was ever made, with the 3.2 engine. It was the last motor car Frazer-Nash made.[23]

Talbot-Lago America

Main article: Talbot-Lago

Due to financial troubles, Talbot-Lago ceased production of engines of their own design, and instead relied on BMW V8 engines.[24]

References

Citations
  1. ↑ BMW 840Ci
  2. ↑ Details on BMW 501
  3. 1 2 Noakes 2005, p. 46.
  4. 1 2 Norbye 1984, p. 90.
  5. 1 2 3 Noakes 2005, p. 48.
  6. ↑ Norbye 1984, p. 91.
  7. ↑ Noakes 2005, p. 49.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Norbye 1984, p. 93.
  9. 1 2 3 BMW History, with searches for data on individual models
  10. 1 2 3 4 Lange 2000, p. 508.
  11. 1 2 Norbye 1984, p. 92.
  12. 1 2 Norbye 1984, pp. 250-251.
  13. ↑ BMW History, with searches for "2600" and "2600 L"
  14. 1 2 Lange 2000, p. 151.
  15. ↑ Lange 2000, p. 257.
  16. ↑ Motorbase: BMW 502
  17. ↑ Norbye 1984, p. 113.
  18. ↑ Norbye 1984, p. 115.
  19. 1 2 BMW Konzernarchiv - BMW 502 Limousine - BMW 502 3.2 Litre Super (also - BMW 3.2 Super)
  20. ↑ BMW History, with searches for "3200 L" and "3200 S"
  21. 1 2 3 Norbye 1984, pp. 131-132.
  22. ↑ Snapshot From 1960: Quick; What Car Is It?
  23. ↑ Gunnell 2004, p. 74.
  24. ↑ Talbot Lago
Sources
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8-cylinder petrol OHV V8
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