β-Methylphenethylamine

β-Methylphenethylamine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-phenylpropan-1-amine
Clinical data
Legal status
  • Uncontrolled
Identifiers
CAS Number 582-22-9 YesY[PubChem]
ATC code None
PubChem CID 11398
ChemSpider 10920 YesY
UNII 6XL7O3V13L YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL158578
Chemical data
Formula C9H13N
Molar mass 135.21 g/mol
Physical data
Density 0.93 g/cm3
Boiling point 80 °C (176 °F) (at 10 mm Hg)
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β-Methylphenethylamine (β-Me-PEA, BMPEA), or 1-amino-2-phenylpropane, is an organic compound of the phenethylamine class, and a positional isomer of the drug amphetamine, with which it shares some properties. In particular, both amphetamine and β-methylphenethylamine are human TAAR1 agonists.[1] In appearance, it is a colorless or yellowish liquid.

Relatively little information has been published about this substance. Hartung and Munch reported that it had good antihypotensive (pressor) activity in experimental animals, and that it was orally active. The MLD (minimum lethal dose) for the HCl salt was given as 500 mg/kg (rat, s.c.) and 50 mg/kg (rabbit, i.v.).[2]

A study by Graham and co-workers at the Upjohn Co., comparing a large number of β-methylphenethylamines substituted on the benzene ring showed that β-methylphenethylamine itself had 1/700 x the pressor activity of epinephrine, corresponding to ~ 1/3 the potency of amphetamine. The β-methyl compound also had ~ 2 x the broncho-dilating power of amphetamine (as measured using the isolated rabbit lung), and an LD50 of 50 mg/kg (rat, i.v.).[3]

Chemistry

β-Methylphenethylamine has been synthesized by the catalytic hydrogenation of 2-phenylpropionitrile with Pd on charcoal, in absolute ethanol containing 3 equivalents of HCl; the base was isolated in the form of its HCl salt, m.p. 123-124°.[2]

Presence

In 2015, 52% of supplements labeled as containing Acacia rigidula were found to contain BMPEA.[4][5] Consumers following recommended maximum daily servings would consume a maximum of 94 mg of BMPEA per day.[4] In 2012, however, the FDA determined that BMPEA was not naturally present in Acacia rigidula leaves.[6] This is currently in dispute by Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals, who claim to have a process of extracting BMPEA from acacia rigidula and have submitted expert witness testimony to the FDA for review.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wainscott DB, Little SP, Yin T, Tu Y, Rocco VP, He JX, Nelson DL (2007). "Pharmacologic characterization of the cloned human trace amine-associated receptor1 (TAAR1) and evidence for species differences with the rat TAAR1". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 320 (1): 475–85. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.112532. PMID 17038507. The effect of β-carbon substitution on the phenylethylamine side chain was also investigated (Table 3). A β-methyl substituent was well tolerated compared with β-PEA. In fact, S-(–)-β-methyl-β-PEA was as potent as β-PEA at human TAAR1.
  2. 1 2 Hartung WH, Munch JC (1931). "Amino alcohols. VI. The preparation and pharmacodynamic activity of four isomeric phenylpropylamines". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (5): 1875–9. doi:10.1021/ja01356a036.
  3. ↑ Graham BE, Cartland GF, Woodruff EH (1945). "Phenyl propyl and phenyl isopropyl amines. Changes in pharmacological action on substitution of phenyl nucleus and amino nitrogen". Ind. Eng. Chem. 37 (2): 149–51. doi:10.1021/ie50422a010.
  4. 1 2 "An amphetamine isomer whose efficacy and safety in humans has never been studied, β-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), is found in multiple dietary supplements – Cohen – 2015 – Drug Testing and Analysis – Wiley Online Library". Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  5. ↑ "Conflicts of Interest at the F.D.A.". New York Times. April 13, 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-13. they identified BMPEA in 11 of 21 brands of supplements with acacia rigidula listed as an ingredient.
  6. ↑ Brenda Goodman (7 April 2015). "Untested Stimulant Still in Dietary Supplements". WebMD.
  7. ↑ "BMPEA and Acacia Rigidula: Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals Fights Back". PricePlow. 26 October 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.



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