BCKDHB

Branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, beta polypeptide

PDB rendering based on 1dtw.

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1DTW, 1OLS, 1OLU, 1OLX, 1U5B, 1V11, 1V16, 1V1M, 1V1R, 1WCI, 1X7W, 1X7X, 1X7Y, 1X7Z, 1X80, 2BEU, 2BEV, 2BEW, 2BFB, 2BFC, 2BFD, 2BFE, 2BFF, 2J9F

Identifiers

Symbols

BCKDHB ; E1B; dJ279A18.1

External IDs

OMIM: 248611 MGI: 88137 HomoloGene: 39 GeneCards: BCKDHB Gene

EC number

1.2.4.4

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase activity • 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity • protein binding • carboxy-lyase activity
Cellular component	• mitochondrion • mitochondrial matrix • mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Biological process	• branched-chain amino acid catabolic process • cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process • small molecule metabolic process • oxidation-reduction process
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

594

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 6:
80.11 – 80.35 Mb

Chr 9:
83.93 – 84.12 Mb

PubMed search

2-Oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BCKDHB gene.^[1]

Function

Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase is a multienzyme complex associated with the inner membrane of mitochondria, and functions in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. The complex consists of multiple copies of 3 components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2), and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This gene encodes the E1 beta subunit, and mutations therein have been associated with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), type 1B. Alternative splicing at this locus results in transcript variants with different 3' noncoding regions, but encoding the same isoform.^[1]

References

1 2 "Entrez Gene: BCKDHB branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, beta polypeptide (maple syrup urine disease)".

Popov KM, Zhao Y, Shimomura Y; et al. (1992). "Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase. Molecular cloning, expression, and sequence similarity with histidine protein kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (19): 13127–30. PMID 1377677.
Mitsubuchi H, Nobukuni Y, Endo F, Matsuda I (1991). "Structural organization and chromosomal localization of the gene for the E1 beta subunit of human branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (22): 14686–91. PMID 1860867.
Zneimer SM, Lau KS, Eddy RL; et al. (1991). "Regional assignment of two genes of the human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex: the E1 beta gene (BCKDHB) to chromosome 6p21-22 and the E2 gene (DBT) to chromosome 1p31". Genomics 10 (3): 740–7. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90458-Q. PMID 1889817.
Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Akaboshi I; et al. (1991). "Maple syrup urine disease. Complete defect of the E1 beta subunit of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex due to a deletion of an 11-bp repeat sequence which encodes a mitochondrial targeting leader peptide in a family with the disease". J. Clin. Invest. 87 (5): 1862–6. doi:10.1172/JCI115209. PMC 295312. PMID 2022752.
Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT (1990). "Molecular cloning of the mature E1b-beta subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex". FEBS Lett. 262 (2): 305–9. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)80215-5. PMID 2335211.
Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F; et al. (1990). "Maple syrup urine disease. Complete primary structure of the E1 beta subunit of human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deduced from the nucleotide sequence and a gene analysis of patients with this disease". J. Clin. Invest. 86 (1): 242–7. doi:10.1172/JCI114690. PMC 296713. PMID 2365818.
Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT (1994). "Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1201 (1): 125–8. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(94)90161-9. PMID 7918575.
Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y; et al. (1993). "Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1225 (1): 64–70. doi:10.1016/0925-4439(93)90123-i. PMID 8161368.
Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT (1996). "Maple syrup urine disease: the E1beta gene of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex has 11 rather than 10 exons, and the 3' UTR in one of the two E1beta mRNAs arises from intronic sequences". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58 (6): 1373–7. PMC 1915070. PMID 8651316.
Edelmann L, Wasserstein MP, Kornreich R; et al. (2001). "Maple syrup urine disease: identification and carrier-frequency determination of a novel founder mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish population". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (4): 863–8. doi:10.1086/323677. PMC 1226071. PMID 11509994.
Chang CF, Chou HT, Chuang JL; et al. (2002). "Solution structure and dynamics of the lipoic acid-bearing domain of human mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18): 15865–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110952200. PMID 11839747.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Wynn RM, Machius M, Chuang JL; et al. (2003). "Roles of His291-alpha and His146-beta' in the reductive acylation reaction catalyzed by human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase: refined phosphorylation loop structure in the active site". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (44): 43402–10. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306204200. PMID 12902323.
Li J, Wynn RM, Machius M; et al. (2004). "Cross-talk between thiamin diphosphate binding and phosphorylation loop conformation in human branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase/dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (31): 32968–78. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403611200. PMID 15166214.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Machius M, Wynn RM, Chuang JL; et al. (2006). "A versatile conformational switch regulates reactivity in human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase". Structure 14 (2): 287–98. doi:10.1016/j.str.2005.10.009. PMID 16472748.
Li J, Machius M, Chuang JL; et al. (2007). "The two active sites in human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase operate independently without an obligatory alternating-site mechanism". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (16): 11904–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M610843200. PMID 17329260.

PDB gallery

1dtw: HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETO ACID DEHYDROGENASE

1ols: ROLES OF HIS291-ALPHA AND HIS146-BETA' IN THE REDUCTIVE ACYLATION REACTION CATALYZED BY HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE

1olu: ROLES OF HIS291-ALPHA AND HIS146-BETA' IN THE REDUCTIVE ACYLATION REACTION CATALYZED BY HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE

1olx: ROLES OF HIS291-ALPHA AND HIS146-BETA' IN THE REDUCTIVE ACYLATION REACTION CATALYZED BY HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE

1u5b: Crystal structure of the human mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

1v11: CROSSTALK BETWEEN COFACTOR BINDING AND THE PHOSPHORYLATION LOOP CONFORMATION IN THE BCKD MACHINE

1v16: CROSSTALK BETWEEN COFACTOR BINDING AND THE PHOSPHORYLATION LOOP CONFORMATION IN THE BCKD MACHINE

1v1m: CROSSTALK BETWEEN COFACTOR BINDING AND THE PHOSPHORYLATION LOOP CONFORMATION IN THE BCKD MACHINE

1v1r: CROSSTALK BETWEEN COFACTOR BINDING AND THE PHOSPHORYLATION LOOP CONFORMATION IN THE BCKD MACHINE

1wci: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

1x7w: Crystal structure of the human mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

1x7x: Crystal structure of the human mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

1x7y: Crystal structure of the human mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

1x7z: Crystal structure of the human mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

1x80: Crystal structure of the human mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

2beu: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

2bev: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

2bew: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

2bfb: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

2bfc: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

2bfd: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

2bfe: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

2bff: REACTIVITY MODULATION OF HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE BY AN INTERNAL MOLECULAR SWITCH

2j9f: HUMAN BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE-DECARBOXYLASE E1B

Enzymes: multienzyme complexes

Photosynthesis	Photosynthetic reaction center complex proteins Photosystem I II

Dehydrogenase	Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 E2 E3 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase OGDH DLST DLD Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex BCKDHA BCKDHB DBT DLD

Other	CAD Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II Aspartate carbamoyltransferase Dihydroorotase Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme Cytochrome b6f complex Electron transport chain Fatty acid synthetase complex Glycine decarboxylase complex Mitochondrial trifunctional protein HADHA HADHB Phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system Polyketide synthase Sucrase-isomaltase complex Tryptophan synthase

Kinases: Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11-12)

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)	LATS1 LATS2 MAST1 MAST2 STK38 STK38L CIT ROCK1 SGK SGK2 SGK3 Protein kinase B AKT1 AKT2 AKT3 Ataxia telangiectasia mutated Mammalian target of rapamycin EIF-2 kinases PKR HRI EIF2AK3 EIF2AK4 Wee1 WEE1

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (EC 2.7.11.2)	PDK1 PDK2 PDK3

Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3)	AMP-activated protein kinase α PRKAA1 PRKAA2 β PRKAB1 PRKAB2 γ PRKAG1 PRKAG2 PRKAG3

(3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)) (EC 2.7.11.4)	BCKDK BCKDHA BCKDHB

(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase (EC 2.7.11.5)	IDH2 IDH3A IDH3B IDH3G

(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.6)	STK4

Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7)	Aurora kinase Aurora A kinase Aurora B kinase

Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.8)	FASTK STK10

Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.9)	-

IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10)	CHUK IKK2 TBK1 IKBKE IKBKG IKBKAP

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11)	Protein kinase A PRKACG PRKACB PRKACA PRKY

cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12)	Protein kinase G PRKG1

Protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)	Protein kinase C Protein kinase Cζ PKC alpha PRKCB1 PRKCD PRKCE PRKCH PRKCG PRKCI PRKCQ Protein kinase N1 PKN2 PKN3

Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14)	Rhodopsin kinase

Beta adrenergic receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.15)	Beta adrenergic receptor kinase Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2

G-protein coupled receptor kinases (EC 2.7.11.16)	GRK4 GRK5 GRK6

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (EC 2.7.11.17)	BRSK2 CAMK1 CAMK2A CAMK2B CAMK2D CAMK2G CAMK4 MLCK CASK CHEK1 CHEK2 DAPK1 DAPK2 DAPK3 STK11 MAPKAPK2 MAPKAPK3 MAPKAPK5 MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 MARK4 MELK MKNK1 MKNK2 NUAK1 NUAK2 OBSCN PASK PHKG1 PHKG2 PIM1 PIM2 PKD1 PRKD2 PRKD3 PSKH1 SNF1LK2 KIAA0999 STK40 SNF1LK SNRK SPEG TSSK2 Kalirin TRIB1 TRIB2 TRIB3 TRIO Titin DCLK1

Myosin light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18)	MYLK MYLK2 MYLK3 MYLK4

Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.11.19)	PHKA1 PHKA2 PHKB PHKG1 PHKG2

Elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20)	EEF2K STK19

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1 PLK2 PLK3 PLK4

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1 PLK2 PLK3 PLK4

Cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22)	CDK1 CDK2 CDKL2 CDK3 CDK4 CDK5 CDKL5 CDK6 CDK7 CDK8 CDK9 CDK10 CDK12 CDC2L5 PCTK1 PCTK2 PCTK3 PFTK1 CDC2L1

(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23)	RPS6KA5 RPS6KA4 P70S6 kinase P70-S6 Kinase 1 RPS6KB2 RPS6KA2 RPS6KA3 RPS6KA1 RPS6KC1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24)	Extracellular signal-regulated MAPK1 MAPK3 MAPK4 MAPK6 MAPK7 MAPK12 MAPK15 C-Jun N-terminal MAPK8 MAPK9 MAPK10 P38 mitogen-activated protein MAPK11 MAPK13 MAPK14

MAP3K (EC 2.7.11.25)	MAP kinase kinase kinases MAP3K1 MAP3K2 MAP3K3 MAP3K4 MAP3K5 MAP3K6 MAP3K7 MAP3K8 RAFs ARAF BRAF KSR1 KSR2 MLKs MAP3K12 MAP3K13 MAP3K9 MAP3K10 MAP3K11 MAP3K7 ZAK CDC7 MAP3K14

Tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26)	TPK1 TTK GSK-3

(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27)	-

Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28)	-

Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29)	-

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30)	Bone morphogenetic protein receptors BMPR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B BMPR2 ACVR1 ACVR1B ACVR1C ACVR2A ACVR2B ACVRL1 Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor

Dual-specificity kinases (EC 2.7.12)

MAP2K	MAP2K1 MAP2K2 MAP2K3 MAP2K4 MAP2K5 MAP2K6 MAP2K7

Aldehyde/oxo oxidoreductases (EC 1.2)

1.2.1: NAD or NADP	Aldehyde dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase

1.2.2: cytochrome	Formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

1.2.3: oxygen	Aldehyde oxidase

1.2.4: disulfide	Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex Pyruvate dehydrogenase Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex BCKDHA BCKDHB DBT DLD

1.2.7: iron-sulfur protein	Pyruvate synthase

Proteins: enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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BCKDHB

Function

References

Further reading