Utica and Reid Avenues Line

B46 / B46 Limited
Utica Avenue Line
Overview
System	MTA Regional Bus Operations
Operator	New York City Transit Authority
Garage	Flatbush Depot
Vehicle	Nova Bus RTS-06 Orion VII Next Generation New Flyer XD40 Xcelsior
Began service	1800s (trolley line) March 18, 1951 (bus service)
Route
Locale	Brooklyn
Start	Williamsburg Bridge Plaza Bus Terminal (full route) Bedford–Stuyvesant – DeKalb Avenue (daytime local terminus; short runs) Crown Heights – Eastern Parkway / Utica Avenue station (rush hour short runs)
Via	Broadway, Malcolm X Boulevard, Utica Avenue
End	Flatlands – Avenue H and Utica Avenue (short runs) Mill Basin / Marine Park – Kings Plaza / Flatbush Avenue & Avenue U (full route)
Length	7.17 miles (11.54 km) (trolley)[1] 7.9 miles (12.7 km) (bus route)[2][3][4]
Service
Operates	24 hours[5]
Daily ridership	15,122,138 (2014)[6]
Fare	$2.75 (MetroCard or coins)
Cash	Coins only (exact change required)
Transfers	Yes
Timetable	B46
Route map ← B45 B47 →

The B46 bus route constitutes a public transit corridor in Brooklyn, New York City, United States. The route runs primarily along Utica Avenue north from the Kings Plaza shopping center through Eastern Brooklyn, with continued service west along Broadway to the Williamsburg Bridge Plaza Bus Terminal. The corridor was originally served by a streetcar line, known as the Utica and Reid Avenues Line, Utica−Reid Line,^[1] Reid−Utica Line,^[7] Reid Avenue Line,^[8] or Utica Avenue Line^[9] until 1951, when the line was replaced by bus service. The bus route is operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations under the New York City Transit brand.

The B46 consistently ranks among the top five busiest routes in New York City, and is the busiest in Brooklyn, serving 50,000 riders daily.^{[2][10][11][12]} Because of this, in 2009 the route was selected for conversion into bus rapid transit under Phase II of the city's Select Bus Service (SBS) program,^[13][14][15] set to take place in 2016.^[16] The B46 is also notorious for high incidence of crime and fare evasion; in 2014 the magazine The New Yorker declared the route "the most dangerous bus route in the city".^[17]

Route description and service

Streetcar route

The Utica−Reid streetcar line began at Avenue N and Utica Avenue in Flatlands, just north of the Flatbush Trolley Depot. It ran north along Utica Avenue to the street's terminus at Fulton Street. It then ran north along Reid Avenue to Broadway, and west along Broadway to the Washington Plaza trolley terminal at the foot of the Williamsburg Bridge. The trackage along Broaway was shared with the Broadway Line.^[1][9] The line had previously continued over the Williamsburg Bridge between 1904 and 1923 and during the 1930s, using the southernmost trolley tracks, to the Lower East Side of Manhattan.^{[18][19][20][21]}

Current bus service

The current B46 route begins at the bus terminal of the Kings Plaza shopping center at Flatbush Avenue and Avenue U, on the border of the Mill Basin and Marine Park neighborhoods. After running a short distance on Flatbush Avenue, it turns north onto Utica Avenue, following the trolley route along Utica Avenue, the former Reid Avenue (now Malcolm X Boulevard), and Broadway (underneath the BMT Jamaica Line). The route terminates at the Williamsburg Bridge Plaza Bus Terminal, which replaced the trolley terminal.^{[4][5][17][22][23][24]}

During most hours of the day, seven days a week, the B46 employs limited-stop service along Malcolm X Boulevard and Utica Avenue between DeKalb Avenue and Avenue H. At these times, local service operates between Kings Plaza and either Eastern Parkway or DeKalb Avenue. Limited service continues to Williamsburg, making all stops along Broadway. Avenue H also serves as a southern short-turn terminal. During weekday AM peak hours, all northbound local service begins at Avenue H, while alternate limited buses begin or end service at Avenue H. The B46 Limited does not operate during early morning and late night hours; during this time, the B46 local covers the entire route between Williamsburg and Kings Plaza.^{[4][5][23][24][25]}

The B46 operates out of the Flatbush Bus Depot, which replaced the trolley depot, near Kings Plaza.^[22]

Fare evasion and safety issues

The B46 has been known for various safety issues, including assaults on and harassment of bus drivers and passengers, correlated with high rates of fare evasion (passengers not paying or refusing to pay fare). The route runs through several high-crime neighborhoods, including Flatlands, East Flatbush, Crown Heights, and Bedford–Stuyvesant.^{[17][22][26][27]} In 2008, it was estimated that there were 4,000 weekly incidents of fare evasion on the B46. The route was also among 10 services that constituted 22% of fare evasion in the city.^[28] In 2014, the MTA ranked the B46 route as the "most dangerous and crime-ridden bus route" in terms of fare evasion and on-bus assaults;^[27] in the previous year, there were 41 incidents in which drivers of B46 buses were assaulted or harassed.^[17]

History

Streetcars

The Reid Avenue Line was originally a horse trolley line operated by the Broadway Railroad, running between Broadway Ferry in Williamsburg and Atlantic Avenue just south of Fulton Street.^[8] In 1893, the Broadway Railroad was purchased by the Long Island Traction Company, and the line began operations under the subsidiary Brooklyn, Queens County and Suburban Railroad in November of that year.^[29][30] The line was electrified on December 9, 1894.^[31] On July 1, 1898, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) acquired the route.^[32]

In May 1900, the Reid Avenue Line was extended south along Utica Avenue to the neighborhood of Rugby (now East Flatbush), in conjunction with housing construction in the neighborhood. During the summer months of 1900, the line terminated at the Holy Cross Cemetery, west of Utica Avenue and south of Church Avenue. On October 15, the line was truncated to Utica Avenue and Church Avenue.^{[33][34][35][36]} Trolley service continued along the Church Avenue Line and Culver Line to Coney Island.^[33][37] After the Williamsburg Bridge opened in 1903, Reid Avenue trolleys began running across the south side of the bridge to Manhattan on November 6, 1904. The line used the trolley terminal at Essex Street at the Manhattan foot of the bridge.^[18][19][38] On June 1, 1910, the Utica Avenue Line was inaugurated as a shuttle between Church Avenue and Avenue N, connecting with the Flatbush Avenue Line to Bergen Beach. An additional fare was charged for transfer to the Reid Avenue Line.^{[33][37][39][40]} At the time, the town of Flatlands was largely rural farms, and most passengers on the shuttle line were beachgoers.^[40]

On December 1, 1923, service on the Reid Avenue Line and all other now-Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) lines over the Williamsburg Bridge ended, due to decreasing profits and a dispute with the city over tolls. Reid Avenue service was truncated to Washington Plaza, and bridge service was replaced with municipal shuttle service.^[19][20][41] On February 15, 1931, Reid Avenue cars once again began running to Manhattan after municipal shuttle service ended.^[20][21][41] On July 1, 1937, the Reid and Utica lines were combined into a single-fare service called the "Utica−Reid Line".^[42]

Bus replacement

Around this time, many streetcar lines in Brooklyn and the rest of the city began to be replaced by buses, particularly after the unification of city's three primary transit companies in June 1940.^[43][44] By 1949, the Utica line was one of eleven remaining streetcar routes in Brooklyn.^[45] On January 11, 1951, the New York City Board of Estimate voted unanimously to motorize nearly all the remaining trolley lines in the city, including the Utica−Reid Line.^[1][46] On March 18, 1951, the Utica−Reid Line was replaced by bus service, designated "B-46".^[1][47]

Kings Plaza was opened in September 1970,^[48] and the B46 was extended south to the new mall around that time.^[49] In the 1980s during summer months, the B46 as well as the B9 were extended south of Kings Plaza across the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge to the Rockaway peninsula in Queens to serve Jacob Riis Park.^[50] By the 1990s, limited-stop service was employed on the B46. Saturday limited-stop service was added on September 10, 1995.^[51][52]

On December 1, 2008, bus driver Edwin Thomas, who was operating a B46 bus that day, was fatally stabbed by a passenger who did not pay his fare and, as a result, was refused a transfer. It was the first time a New York City bus operator had been killed on the job since an incident on the B44 in 1981, where another bus driver was fatally shot, also because the driver had refused to give the passenger a transfer.^[17][22][53] The incident led to the strict enforcement of the MTA policy not to confront fare evaders,^[17][22][26] and installation of Plexiglas partitions on many city buses to protect bus operators; previously drivers were only protected by a single metal bar.^[22][26] The pilot program for the bus partitions began at the Flatbush Depot, where the B46 is dispatched from, in 2009.^[54][55][56] The same year as Thomas's stabbing, the MTA and New York City Police Department (NYPD) began deploying teams of police officers as well as squads of uniformed and plainclothes transit security officials (called EAGLE teams) on the B46 and other target routes to crackdown on fare evaders, in the spirit of the broken windows theory.^[26][28] On February 26, 2014, an NYPD officer was shot in the legs by a fare evader after pulling him off a B46 bus.^[17][53][26]

Proposed Select Bus Service

In 2004, the Malcolm X Boulevard-Utica Avenue corridor was one of 8 Brooklyn bus corridors studied under the city's bus rapid transit (BRT) study.^[57] In 2009, the B46 was included in a list of potential routes for the second phase of Select Bus Service (SBS), the city's brand of BRT service.^[2][13][14] The B46 was identified due to high ridership, isolation from rapid transit (subway) service, and slow travel speeds caused by traffic congestion.^[2][13][14] Under the plan, the current local/limited service pattern would be reversed. The B46 Limited would become the B46 SBS, running between Kings Plaza and DeKalb Avenue only. The B46 Local would cover the Broadway portion of the route at all times, due to lower ridership on this section of the line. Limited-stop service would be instituted on the southern portion of the line between Kings Plaza and Avenue H.^{[2][4][13][14]} Unlike most other SBS services, current plans have the service using standard-length 40-foot (12 m) buses instead of 60-foot (18 m) articulated buses.^[13][14]

Preliminary studies and community outreach began in 2011,^[2] with around 15 community meetings taking place.^[4] In 2014, the first dedicated bus lanes were installed on Utica Avenue between St. Johns Place and Church Avenue, offset from the sidewalk curb.^{[2][4][13][14]} In May 2015, the MTA and DOT announced plans to implement the B46 SBS in the fall of that year.^[4] The implementation was pushed back, however, with two other SBS routes (M86, Q44) going into service during this time. The B46 Select Bus Service is set to begin service in 2016.^[16][58]

See also

• Flatbush Avenue Line (surface) (B41)
• Nostrand Avenue Line (surface) (B44)
• Ralph Avenue Line (B47)

References

External links

• Select Bus Service − mta.info
• Utica Avenue Select Bus Service − NYCDOT

Current bus routes in Brooklyn B1 B2 B3 B4 B6 B7 B8 B9 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B20 B23 B24 B25 B26 B31 B32 B35 B36 B37 B38 B41 B42 B43 B44 B45 B46 B47 B48 B49 B52 B54 B57 B60 B61 B62 B63 B64 B65 B67 B68 B69 B70 B74 B82 B83 B84 B100 B103 B110