Autonomous okrugs of Russia
| Autonomous okrug |
|---|
|
|
| Category |
Federated state |
|---|
| Location |
Russian Federation |
|---|
| Number |
4 |
|---|
| Populations |
42,090 (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) – 1,532,243 (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) |
|---|
| Areas |
177,000 km2 (68,200 sq mi) (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) – 750,000 km2 (289,700 sq mi) (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) |
|---|
| Government |
Okrug Government |
|---|
| Subdivisions |
administrative: districts, cities and towns of okrug significance, towns of district significance, urban-type settlements of district significance, selsoviets; municipal: urban okrugs, municipal districts, urban settlements, rural settlements |
|---|
Autonomous okrug (Russian: автономный округ; En. avtonomny okrug), occasionally also referred to as "autonomous district", "autonomous area", and "autonomous region", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs.
History
Originally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term "national okrugs" to "autonomous okrugs" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before.
Recent developments
In 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.
The ten autonomous okrugs in 1990 were:
Ethnic composition of autonomous okrugs
The table below also includes autonomous okrugs which have since changed status.
| Autonomous Okrug | titular nation | Russians | other[1] |
|---|
| year | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 |
| Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug[2] | ▲52,2 | ▲ 54,9 | ▲ 62,5 | | ▼42 | ▼ 40,8 | ▼ 35,1 | | | | | |
| Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug[2] | ▲61,6 | ▼ 60,2 | ▼ 59 | | ▼34,9 | ▲ 36,1 | ▲ 38,1 | | | | | |
| Koryak Autonomous Okrug (all indigenous)[2] | 16,3 | ▲ 16,45 | ▲ 26,6 | ▲30,3 | 62,9 | ▼ 62 | ▼ 50,5 | ▼46,2 | | 24,9 | ▲ 40,5 | ▲46,5 |
| Nenets Autonomous Okrug (komi) | ▼12,8 | ▼ 11,9 | ▲ 18,6 |  18,6 | ▲66 | ▼ 65,8 | ▼ 62,4 | ▲ 66,1 | ▼11,1 | ▼ 9,5 | ▲ 10,8 | ▼ 9 |
| Taymyr Autonomous Okrug (nenets)[2] | ▼9,6 | ▼ 8,9 | ▲ 13,8 | ▲ 15,7 | ▲68,9 | ▼ 67,1 | ▼ 58,6 | ▼ 50,0 | ▼5 | ▼ 4,4 | ▲ 7,6 | ▲ 10,1 |
| Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug[2] | ▲34,1 | ▲ 36,3 | ▲ 39,6 | | ▼58,3 | ▼ 56,5 | ▼ 54,4 | | | | | |
| Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug | ▼1,9 | ▼ 0,9 | ▲ 1,2 | ▲ 1,3 | ▼74,3 | ▼ 66,3 | ▼ 66 | ▲ 68,1 | ▼1,1 | ▼ 0,5 | ▲ 0,7 | ▲ 0,8 |
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (all indigenous) | ▼8,1 | ▼ 7,3 | ▲ 23,4 | ▲ 26,7 | ▼68,6 | ▼ 66,1 | ▼ 51,8 | ▲ 52,5 | | 9,6 | ▲ 30,8 | ▲ 35,3 |
| Evenk Autonomous Okrug[2] | ▼20 | ▼ 14,1 | ▲ 21,5 | ▲ 22,0 | ▲62,5 | ▲ 67,5 | ▼ 61,9 | ▼ 59,4 | | | | |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (khants) | ▼10,7 | ▼ 4,2 | ▲ 5,2 | ▲ 5,9 | ▲59,1 | ▲ 59,2 | ▼ 58,8 | ▲ 61,7 | | ▼1,5 | ▲ 1,7 | ▲ 1,9 |
References
- ↑ Are the people who are in parentheses next to the autonomous regions and the second-largest two-part indigenous autonomous regions.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 liquidated Autonomous okrug.
See also
|
|---|
| | | Internal additional non-constitutional divisions by different institutions | | |
|
|
