Austrodyptornithes
| Austrodyptornithes Temporal range: Paleocene-recent, 62–0 Ma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Aequornithes |
| Clade: | Austrodyptornithes Yuri et. al, 2013 |
| Orders | |
Austrodyptornithes is a clade of birds that include the orders Sphenisciformes (penguins) and Procellariiformes (tube-nosed seabirds).[1] A 2014 analysis of whole genomes of 48 representative bird species concluded that penguins are the sister group of Procellariiformes,[2] from which they diverged about 60 million years ago.[3]
References
- ↑ Yuri, T (2013). "Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals". Biology 2: 419–44. doi:10.3390/biology2010419.
- ↑ Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; Li, B.; Houde, P.; Li, C.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Faircloth, B. C.; Nabholz, B.; Howard, J. T.; Suh, A.; Weber, C. C.; Da Fonseca, R. R.; Li, J.; Zhang, F.; Li, H.; Zhou, L.; Narula, N.; Liu, L.; Ganapathy, G.; Boussau, B.; Bayzid, M. S.; Zavidovych, V.; Subramanian, S.; Gabaldon, T.; Capella-Gutierrez, S.; Huerta-Cepas, J.; Rekepalli, B.; Munch, K.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds" (PDF). Science 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMID 25504713.
- ↑ Li, C.; Zhang, Y.; Li, J.; Kong, L.; Hu, H.; Pan, H.; Xu, L.; Deng, Y.; Li, Q.; Jin, L.; Yu, H.; Chen, Y.; Liu, B.; Yang, L.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y.; Lang, Y.; Xia, J.; He, W.; Shi, Q.; Subramanian, S.; Millar, C. D.; Meader, S.; Rands, C. M.; Fujita, M. K.; Greenwold, M. J.; Castoe, T. A.; Pollock, D. D.; Gu, W.; et al. (2014-12-12). "Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment". GigaScience 3: 27. doi:10.1186/2047-217X-3-27. PMC 4322438. PMID 25671092.
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