Auricularia

For the larval stage of the sea cucumber, see Sea cucumber#Reproduction and life cycle.
Auricularia
Auricularia auricula-judae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Auriculariales
Family: Auriculariaceae
Genus: Auricularia
Bull. ex Juss. (1789)
Type species
Auricularia mesenterica
(Dicks.) Pers. (1822)
Species

about 8

Synonyms[1]

Patila Adans. (1763)
Conchites Paulet (1791)
Agarico-gelicidium Paulet (1793)
Zonaria Roussel (1806)
Laschia Fr. (1830)
Oncomyces Klotzsch (1843)
Hirneola Fr. (1848)
Laschia subgen. Auriculariella Sacc. (1888)
Seismosarca Cooke (1889)
Auricula Battarra ex Kuntze (1891)
Auriculariella Clem. (1909)

Auricularia is a genus of jelly fungi in the family Auriculariaceae. Preliminary phylogenetic studies suggest the Exidiaceae is closely related to Auriculariaceae, the two share many morphological traits.[2] Fruitbody either resupinate or pileate and then either ear-to shell-shaped or forming narrow, imbricate brackets, flabby elastic or tough gelatinous; hymenial surface smooth, wrinkled or veined, often purplish. Basidia cylindrical, with 1-3 transeverse septa. Spores narrowly ellipsoid to allantoid, hyaline, smooth.[2] Most Auricularia species are edible and are grown commercially. Auricularia species are widely distributed in the Western Ghats, Kerala and recently, Auricularia auricula-judae, A. polytricha and A. mesenterica have been reported.[2]

Classification

Lowy, in 1951, described a key to the species of Auricularia that emphasized the internal structure of the fruit body, while de-emphasizing traditional characteristics such as color, shape and size, which he considered to be too variable and dependent upon such factors as the age of the specimen, exposure to light, or availability of moisture.[3] The characteristics he emphasized were the presence or absence, width and morphology of the medulla (the part composed mainly or entirely of longitudinal hyphae), and the length of the abhymenial hairs, features that are currently used in defining species in this genus.[4]

Species

As of May 2015, Index Fungorum lists 28 species of Auricularia:[5]

  • Auricularia albida
  • Auricularia americana
  • Auricularia auricula-judae
  • Auricularia cornea
  • Auricularia delicata
  • Auricularia discensa
  • Auricularia eximia
  • Auricularia fibrillifera
  • Auricularia fuscosuccinea
  • Auricularia goossensiae
  • Auricularia hainanensis
  • Auricularia hispida
  • Auricularia hispidula
  • Auricularia incrassata
  • Auricularia indica
  • Auricularia mesenterica
  • Auricularia minor
  • Auricularia nigricans
  • Auricularia peltata
  • Auricularia rosea
  • Auricularia scissa
  • Auricularia semipellucida
  • Auricularia sordescens
  • Auricularia stellata
  • Auricularia subglabra
  • Auricularia tenuis
  • Auricularia wrightii
  • Auricularia xishaensis

References

  1. ↑ "Auricularia Bull. ex Juss. 1789". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
  2. 1 2 3 Mohanan C. (2011). Macrofungi of Kerala. Kerala, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute. p. 597. ISBN 81-85041-73-3.
  3. ↑ Lowy B. (1951). "A morphological basis for classifying the species of Auricularia". Mycologia 43 (3): 351–8. doi:10.2307/3755598.
  4. ↑ Wong GJ, Wells K. (1987). "Comparative morphology, compatibility, and infertility of Auricularia cornea, A. polytricha, and A. tenuis". Mycologia 79 (6): 847–56. doi:10.2307/3807686.
  5. ↑ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 18th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2015-05-28.

External links


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