Astley, Greater Manchester

Astley

Bridgewater Canal and Astley Green Pithead
Astley
 Astley shown within Greater Manchester
Population 11,654 [1]
OS grid referenceSD699006
   – London  163 mi (262 km) SE 
Metropolitan boroughWigan
Metropolitan county Greater Manchester
RegionNorth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town MANCHESTER
Postcode district M29
Dialling code 01942
Police Greater Manchester
Fire Greater Manchester
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK ParliamentLeigh
List of places
UK
England
Greater Manchester

Coordinates: 53°30′03″N 2°26′43″W / 53.5008°N 2.4454°W / 53.5008; -2.4454

Astley is a settlement within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England, variously described as a suburb or a village. Astley lies on flat land to the northwest of the city of Manchester, and is crossed by the Bridgewater Canal and the A580 "East Lancashire Road". It forms a continuous urban area with neighbouring Tyldesley, and is equidistant from Wigan and Manchester city centre, both 8.3 miles (13.4 km) away. The Astley Mosley Common ward of Wigan MBC, which covers both settlements, had a population of 11,654 in the 2001 Census,[1] falling to 11,270 at the 2011 Census.[2]

Historically a part of Lancashire, the name Astley is derived from Old English, indicating Anglo-Saxon settlement. It means "east Leigh" or "east of Leigh", a reference to Astley's location relative to the town of Leigh; or ēastlēah the "eastern wood or clearing". Throughout the Middle Ages, Astley constituted a township within the parish of Leigh and hundred of West Derby. Astley first appears in written form as Asteleghe in 1210, when its lord of the manor granted land to the religious order of Premonstratensian canons at Cockersand Abbey.

Medieval and Early Modern Astley is distinguished by the dignitaries who occupied Damhouse, the local manor house around which a settlement expanded. The newly extended Bridgewater Canal reached Astley in 1795, and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830. The Industrial Revolution introduced mechanised coal mining and the factory system to the region in and around Astley, triggering its expansion. The village's only cotton mill was built in 1833.

Mining subsidence coupled with structural and political changes to the mining industry began the decline in Astley's industrial activities during the mid-20th century; its cotton mill closed in 1955, and the last coal was brought to the surface in 1970. However, Astley has grown as part of a commuter belt, supported by its proximity to Manchester city centre and inter-city transport links. Astley Green Colliery Museum houses collections of Astley's industrial heritage.

History

Toponymy

Astley is of Old English derivation, and means "East Leigh", a reference to its position in relation to Leigh.[3] Leigh is derived from leah, meaning a "wood", a "clearing" or a "meadow".[3] The earliest written record of Astley was in documents dated 1210 when it appeared as the Middle English Asteleghe.[4] Other archaic spellings include Asteleye (1292) and Astlegh (14th and 15th centuries).[4]

Early history

The earliest evidence of human activity in the area is the remains of a Roman road which served as the route between Roman camps at Coccium (Wigan) and Mamucium (Manchester). The road ran to the north of Astley, past Keeper Delph and through Tyldesley.[5] Evidence for the presence of Anglo-Saxons in the sparsely populated, heavily wooded and isolated region is provided by place names incorporating the Old English suffix leah, such as in Leigh, Tyldesley, Shakerley and Astley.[6]

Manor

Astley emerged during the Early Middle Ages as a township in the parish of Leigh. It was mentioned in documents in 1210, when Hugh of Tyldesley, Lord of the Manors of Tyldesley and Astley, granted land to Cockersand Abbey. In 1212, he was recorded as tenant of Astley Hall, the manor house for both Astley and Tyldesley, located just inside the Tyldesley township. After his death, his son Henry inherited the manors. He was succeeded by his son, another Henry, who, when he died in 1301, divided the lands between three of his six sons. It is from this division that the manors of Astley and Tyldesley were separated. Tyldesleys lived at the Astley manor until April 1353 when Richard Radcliff bought it for 100 marks.[7] The Radcliffs remained there until 1561 when William Radcliff died childless and the land passed to his half-sister Anne, who married Gilbert Gerard.[8]

The doorway of Damhouse in Astley. The inscription over the lintel reads, "Erected by Adam Mort and Margret Mort 1650".

In 1606 Adam Mort bought the manor house and land in Astley.[9] He was a wealthy man who built the first Astley Chapel as a chapel of ease for the parish church in Leigh. The chapel was consecrated in 1631, the year that he died. He built a grammar school that stood for over 200 years until 1833, when it was demolished and rebuilt. Adam Mort's grandson, also Adam, rebuilt Damhouse in 1650 and his initials are carved in the plaque over the front door.[10] The stone and timber structure was named from the stream which was dammed to supply water to a waterwheel powering a corn mill near the house. It is possible the hall was once surrounded by a moat.[11][12]

Adam Mort's descendants continued to support the chapel and school and remained at Damhouse until 1734 when it was bought by Thomas Sutton.[13] After Sutton's death in 1752 the house was inherited by Thomas Froggatt of Bakewell who contributed to rebuilding the chapel in 1760. Froggatt's descendants owned Damhouse until 1800 when it was leased to tenants, one of whom was George Ormerod, owner of the Banks Estate in Tyldesley who gave land for its churchyard and church school.[14] In 1839 the house became the property of Captain Adam Durie of Craig Lascar by marriage to Sarah Froggatt.[11] Damhouse was dilapidated when the Duries moved in. Captain Durie gave land to build a school on Church Road. After his death in 1843 his widow, Sarah, married Colonel Malcolm Nugent Ross. The Ross's Arms public house at Higher Green is named in his honour.[15] The Durie's daughter Katharine, who married first, Henry Davenport and second Sir Edward Robert Weatherall, became lady of the manor after her mother's death but the family was in financial difficulties and the house and estate sold in November 1889.[16]

The Leigh Hospital Board bought Damhouse in 1893 for use as a sanatorium dealing with cases of diphtheria, scarlet fever and, in 1947, poliomyelitis. Two bombs fell close to the hospital during the Second World War. It became a general hospital in 1948 dealing with chronically ill and geriatric patients and closed in 1994.[17][18]

Industrial Revolution

Astley became more industrialised during the early 19th century, but not so much as neighbouring Leigh, Tyldesley and Boothstown. A factory was built by James and Robert Arrowsmith on Peel Lane at Astley Green, near the Bridgewater Canal in 1833. Until then, agriculture and cottage spinning and weaving had been the main economic activities.[19] Fustians, muslins and, after 1827, silk were woven in the area. Handloom weaving declined after the cotton factory was built. Arrowsmith's factory lasted until 1955, when mining subsidence damaged its foundations and it was demolished, ending Astley's link with the textile industry.[11]

Astley Green pit head gear and engine house

Astley on the Lancashire Coalfield and had several coal mines within its boundaries.[20] On a map of 1768, a lane leading to Nook and Gin Pit Collieries was called the Coal Road and later North Coal Pit Lane. Gin Pit's name alludes a method of coal mining, raising coal using a horse gin. An early colliery at Cross Hillock was abandoned in 1886 because of flooding.[21] Samuel Jackson developed the mines that became Astley and Tyldesley Collieries between Astley and Tyldesley. Peat works were opened close to Astley railway station by the Astley Peat Moss Litter Company Limited in 1888.[17]

On 7 May 1908 the Pilkington Colliery Company started sinking No 1 Shaft of Astley Green Colliery near the Bridgewater Canal.[22][23] A colliery railway moved coal from the screens to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway but some coal was transported to power stations at Trafford Park and Stretford using the Bridgewater Canal. Pit head baths, a canteen and medical centre designed for the Miners' Welfare Committee by architect C. Kemp, were built in 1935–36 at a cost of over £24,000 (£1.49 million as of 2016).[24] There was a mining accident at Astley Green on 7 June 1939 when five men including the manager died in an explosion of firedamp.[25] Women, "pit brow lasses", worked on the screens sorting coal from rock until 1955. The last coal was wound on 3 April 1970.[22]

The headgear at Astley Green Colliery Museum remains a landmark in the 21st century. It is made from wrought-iron lattice girders with rivetted plates at all the joints, three wheels, two large and one small, are mounted at the top. Built by Head Wrightson of Stockton-on-Tees in 1912, it is nearly 30 metres (98 ft) high.[26] In the winding house is a twin tandem compound steam engine made by Yates and Thom of Blackburn who also supplied 16 Lancashire boilers.[27]

Governance

Historically, Astley formed part of the Hundred of West Derby, a judicial division of southwest Lancashire.[28] It was one of six townships or vills that made up the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Leigh.[29] The townships existed before the parish.[4] Under the terms of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, the townships formed the Leigh Poor Law Union established on 26 January 1837, comprising the whole of the ancient parish and part of Winwick. There were workhouses in Pennington, Culcheth, Tyldesley and Lowton, but Leigh Union workhouse at Atherleigh replaced them in the 1850s.[30] In 1894 the civil parishes of Astley, Culcheth, Kenyon and Lowton became part of Leigh Rural District which lasted until it was dissolved in 1933 and Astley was incorporated into the Tyldesley Urban District.[31] The urban district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and Astley became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, a local government district of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.[31][32]

In 2012 Astley and Mosley Common form an electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan.[33] The ward elects three councillors to the 75-member metropolitan borough council. As of 2012, the Astley Mosley Common ward is represented by three Labour councillors.[34]

After a review of parliamentary representation in Greater Manchester, the Boundary Commission recommended Astley should be part of the Leigh constituency at the United Kingdom general election, 2010.[35] At the 2010 General Election Andy Burnham retained the Leigh seat with 24,295 votes and a majority of 15,011, representing 51.3% of the vote.[36] Burnham was re-elected MP for the Leigh constituency in 2015 with 24,312 votes which was 53.9% of the total vote cast.[37]

Geography

Astley
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
70
 
 
8
2
 
 
70
 
 
8
2
 
 
50
 
 
10
3
 
 
63
 
 
13
5
 
 
51
 
 
16
8
 
 
58
 
 
19
10
 
 
54
 
 
21
12
 
 
69
 
 
21
12
 
 
63
 
 
18
10
 
 
88
 
 
14
7
 
 
82
 
 
10
4
 
 
79
 
 
7
2
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [38]

At 53°30′3″N 2°26′44″W / 53.50083°N 2.44556°W / 53.50083; -2.44556 (53.5008°, −2.4454°), and 163 miles (262 km) northwest of central London, Astley is on the northern side of the Chat Moss bog, about 177 feet (54 m) above sea level.[39] It forms a continuous urban area with Tyldesley to the north,[40] and, according to the Office for National Statistics, is a part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area, the United Kingdom's third largest conurbation.[41]

Astley is 8.3 miles (13.4 km) west-northwest of Manchester city centre, and 0.75 miles (1.2 km) north of the Bridgewater Canal, which straddles the village's southern hinterland from east-to-west.[40] Astley is crossed east-to-west by the A572 and A580 roads.[40] The hamlet of Astley Green lines a straight road leading southwards[40] through Chat Moss, to the former Astley railway station, which is 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the village.[4] Astley spans an area of 2,685 acres (10.87 km2), of which 1,000 acres (4 km2) is peat bog.[4] Astley and Bedford Mosses is one of the last surviving fragments of Chat Moss, most of which has been drained for agriculture or lost through peat removal. It occupies a 33-hectare (82-acre) site between Astley and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. It has been a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) since 1989.[42] Astley Moss is crossed by the Astley Brook and Moss Brook, tributaries to the Glaze Brook and the River Mersey.[17]

The underlying geology consists of the Permo-Triassic New Red Sandstone in the south, and the Middle Coal Measures of the Manchester Coalfield to the north. The upper soils are a mixture of clay and sand, with a subsoil of clay.[4] The Astley area encompasses smaller, suburban and semi-outlying areas, including Blackmoor, Astley Green, Gin Pit and Cross Hillock.[40] The isolated hamlet of terraced houses at Gin Pit was built by the Astley and Tyldesley Collieries Company. Peace Street, Lord Street and Maden Street were named after directors of the company.[43]

Neighbouring towns, villages, and places
Atherton Tyldesley Walkden
Leigh Boothstown
   Astley  
Culcheth Chat Moss Barton upon Irwell

Demography

Population growth in Astley from 1881 to 1931
Year 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931
Population 2,669 2,552 2,823 3,556 3,902 4,584

Astley CP/Ch[44]

Economy

Before deindustrialisation in the late 20th century, Astley's economy was linked with the textile industry and coal mines which developed during the Industrial Revolution. Now the main concentration of employment is at the Chaddock Lane Industrial Estate on either side of the A572 road between Astley and the East Lancashire Road.[45]

Since the early 1980s, much of the area between Tyldesley and Astley has been built on for housing. Indicators show that the township has a strong housing market, with a high owner occupancy rate of almost 80%. Parts of Astley are among the 5% least deprived areas in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, whilst parts of the Blackmoor area, where social housing is concentrated, are within the 10–20% most deprived neighbourhoods nationally.[45] Facilities in the village include a small local shopping centre at Blackmoor. The development of Astley Green Colliery Museum and the heritage centre at Damhouse attract visitors interested in the area's heritage.

Landmarks

The site of Astley Green Colliery Museum, a scheduled ancient monument, retains its engine house and headgear, a prominent feature that can be seen from around the local area.[46]

Damhouse, the former manor house, is a listed building, parts of which were dated to 1595 by the Greater Manchester Archaeological Unit. The house was extended in 1650. In 1999, Morts Astley Heritage Trust was formed to preserve Damhouse and open the surrounding woodland to the public.[12] It is situated within the Astley Village conservation area.

Morleys Hall lies on part of the lands donated to Cockersand Abbey by Hugh Tyldesley in 1210. It was owned by the Morleys until 1431, then subsequently by the Leylands. In 1540 it was described as being largely built of timber on stone foundations and surrounded by a moat.[47] It was rebuilt in 1804, but parts of the old hall survive.[48] Edward Tyldesley of Wardley Hall married Anne Leyland and inherited Morleys in 1564.[49] Their granddaughter, Elizabeth Tyldesley, became abbess of the Convent of Poor Clares at Gravelines in the Spanish Netherlands.[50] Sir Thomas Tyldesley was the most famous of this line of the family, having been a Cavalier commander and supporter of Charles II, King of England during the English Civil War. He died in the Battle of Wigan Lane[51] and is buried at the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Leigh. The hall passed through the Legh and Wilkinson families until it was sold to Tyldesley Urban District Council and the land used for a sewage works. The hall is a private residence.[4]

Transport

A footbridge over the Bridgewater Canal near Astley Green
Astley signal box and level crossing over the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1979

Public transport in Astley is co-ordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester. Bus services operate to Bolton, The Trafford Centre, Tyldesley, Atherton, Wigan and Manchester, operated by South Lancs Travel, Stagecoach Manchester and First Greater Manchester.[40] Major A roads link Astley with other settlements, including the A580 "East Lancashire Road", which opened in 1934 bisecting the village. Its dual carriageway crosses the Bridgewater Canal on a bridge at Morleys.[52] The A572 road connects Astley and Worsley and the A5082 road heads north east to Tyldesley.

By 1795, the original Bridgewater Canal from Worsley to Manchester had proved an economic success, prompting its owner, Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, to seek powers to extend it route to Leigh via Astley. The Duke's plans were approved, despite opposition from the local population. Canal traffic brought trade to Astley Green where the Hope and Anchor Inn (now the Boathouse) was built with stabling for horses that pulled the barges.[53] The original canal bridge built to connect Lower and Higher Green lasted until 1904, when it was replaced. The second bridge was replaced in 1920 by an iron bridge, which could be raised to counter the effects of mining subsidence.[54] A boatyard was established by Lingards Bridge.[55]

The Liverpool and Manchester Railway of 1830 crosses Astley Moss. It was built on a raft of branches and cotton bales to prevent the track sinking into Chat Moss. The early engines reached speeds of 25 mph (40 km/h). The first passengers told the driver where they wished to alight until Astley railway station was built in the mid-1840s.[56] The railway was distant from the village and early travellers came on horseback or in carriages.[53]

An early tramway ran to a wharf on the Bridgewater Canal at Marsland Green and a mineral railway system linked Gin Pit Colliery to the Tyldesley Loopline at Jackson's sidings and Bedford Colliery and Speakman's Sidings.[57] The colliery locomotives were named after Gin Pit Colliery's company directors.[58]

Education

Adam Mort established a grammar school by the chapel in 1631 which was in use until 1833. Children from poor families were admitted free and those who could afford to pay covered the costs.[59] Mort's School closed in 1894.[60] In 1832 children were taught in a barn at the vicarage, the curate, Alfred Hewlett, improved it and the chapel was used as a classroom. A national school built by subscription on land donated by Captain Durie of Damhouse opened in November 1841.[61] Meanleys Infant School was opened at Gin Pit in 1904 to serve the mining community that had grown up by there.[43] Other schools were built at Ellesmere Street and Marsland Green.[62]

School Locality Description Website
St. Stephen's C.E. Primary Astley Primary school website
Tyldesley Primary Astley Primary school website
St. Ambrose Barlow Catholic Primary Astley Primary school website
Holy Family Roman Catholic Primary Boothstown Primary school website
St Mary's Catholic High Astley Secondary school website

Religion

St Ambrose Barlow Church

Adam Mort built Astley Chapel which was completed in 1630 and consecrated 3 August 1631. It was the first of three chapels in Astley, and the first chapel of ease of Leigh parish church.[59] Astley Chapel was rebuilt in 1760; Thomas Froggatt gave a contribution towards the cost.[63] The new church was built of brick and measured 54 ft 6 in (16.61 m) in length and 36 ft (11 m) in width and held 170 people and was enlarged in 1834, 1842 and 1847. It had a small chancel and its embattled western tower contained a single bell.[4][64] The church, dedicated to Saint Stephen, was destroyed by arson on 18 June 1961. Also destroyed was the book collection, acquired by the Morts, memorials to the old families and the First and Second World War memorials. It was too severely damaged to restore and a third church has been built on a nearby site.[65]

Prominent Catholic families in the Leigh parish did not abandon the Catholic faith after the English Reformation despite penalties levied on papists. Secret Roman Catholic masses were held in private homes, including Morleys Hall, home of the Tyldesleys. On Easter Sunday 1641, the Catholic priest, Ambrose Barlow was arrested during a service at Morleys Hall at the instigation of the vicar of Leigh. He was taken to Lancaster Castle, tried as a traitor and executed on 10 September 1641.[66][67] He was canonised by the Roman Catholic Church as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.[68] A church and school bear his name.[68] The St Ambrose Barlow parish was formed in 1965 and the church was built in 1981. St Ambrose Barlow parish is in the Leigh Pastoral Area in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool.[69]

There were two Methodist churches but one in Lower Green closed in 2009.[70][71] Astley Unitarian Chapel was demolished and the site built on. Gin Pit School doubled as a chapel for Wesleyan Methodists.

Sport

Astley and Tyldesley Miners' Welfare Club at Gin Pit is the venue for several sporting groups including Astley and Tyldesley Cricket Club[72] and the Astley and Tyldesley Roadrunners.[73] The Astley and Tyldesley Cycle Speedway Club was formed in 1989 and built a race track at the Miners' Welfare Club in 1991.[74]

Public services

Astley is policed by the Greater Manchester Police force from Atherton Police Station, which covers Atherton, Tyldesley, Astley and Mosley Common.[75] The statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, from Leigh and Atherton fire stations.[76] Hospital services are provided by the Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust who provide an Accident and Emergency service at Wigan Hospital and outpatient clinics at Leigh Infirmary.[77] Health services in the Wigan borough are provided by the Wigan Borough Clinical Commissioning Group.[78] Waste management is co-ordinated by Wigan Metropolitan Council, which is a statutory waste disposal authority in its own right.[79] Astley's Distribution Network Operator for electricity is Electricity North West Ltd.[80] United Utilities manages Astley's drinking and waste water.[81]

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 Wigan Borough Wards (PDF), Wigan Council, p. 4, retrieved 22 May 2010
  2. ↑ "Wigan Ward population 2011". Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  3. 1 2 Mills 1998, p. 10
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 William Farrer and J Brownbill (editors) (1907), "Astley", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3, Victoria County History (British History Online), pp. 445–449, retrieved 28 July 2009
  5. ↑ Newsletter 71, wiganarchsoc.co.uk, retrieved 11 February 2010
  6. ↑ Mills 1998, p. 405
  7. ↑ Tonge 2002, p. 6
  8. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 7
  9. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 15
  10. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 31
  11. 1 2 3 Tonge 2002, p. 5
  12. 1 2 Historic England, "Administration block at Astley Hospital (1163258)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 12 September 2012
  13. ↑ Tonge 2002, p. 11
  14. ↑ Tonge 2002, p. 13
  15. ↑ Tonge 2002, p. 14
  16. ↑ Tonge 2002, p. 20
  17. 1 2 3 Tonge 2002, p. 25
  18. ↑ Dam House, Mort's Astley Heritage Trust, retrieved 19 September 2012
  19. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 76
  20. ↑ NW Division map, cmhrc.co.uk, retrieved 19 September 2009
  21. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 90
  22. 1 2 agcm, agcm.org.uk/, retrieved 4 August 2009
  23. ↑ Astley Green, cmhrc, retrieved 4 August 2009
  24. ↑ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2015), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
  25. ↑ Astley Green Colliery Disaster (PDF), cmhrc.co.uk, p. 1, retrieved 17 November 2009
  26. ↑ Historic England, "Astley Green Museum Winding Tower (1068445)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 19 September 2012
  27. ↑ Historic England, "Astley Green Mining Museum Winding House, Higher Green (1163357)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 19 September 2012
  28. ↑ Lewis, Samuel, ed. (1848), "Astley", A Topographical Dictionary of England (British History Online), pp. 580–583, retrieved 11 February 2010
  29. ↑ Astley Township Boundaries, genuki.org.uk, retrieved 9 August 2009
  30. ↑ Leigh, workhouses.org.uk, retrieved 16 August 2009
  31. 1 2 Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 3 June 2010
  32. ↑ Local government in England and Wales: A Guide to the New System, London: HMSO, 1974, p. 17, ISBN 0-11-750847-0
  33. ↑ Ward Boundaries (PDF), wigan.gov.uk, retrieved 24 May 2010
  34. ↑ Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council, Councillor & Committee Details, wigan.gov.uk, retrieved 21 September 2012
  35. ↑ Boundary Changes, statistics.gov.uk, archived from the original on 8 January 2007, retrieved 11 November 2009
  36. ↑ "Election 2010: Leigh", BBC News, archived from the original on 11 May 2010, retrieved 7 May 2010
  37. ↑ "Election 2015: Leigh", BBC News, retrieved 11 May 2015
  38. ↑ Astley Weather, United Kingdom Weather Averages, retrieved 19 September 2012
  39. ↑ "Astley, United Kingdom", Global Gazetteer, Version 2.1 (Falling Rain Genomics, Inc), retrieved 12 February 2010
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Network Maps: Salford (PDF), Transport for Greater Manchester, 201, retrieved 20 September 2012
  41. ↑ Office for National Statistics (2001), Census 2001:Key Statistics for urban areas in the North; Map 3 (PDF), statistics.gov.uk, retrieved 12 February 2010
  42. ↑ Astley Moss, lancswt.org.uk, archived from the original on 16 May 2008, retrieved 30 September 2009
  43. 1 2 Lunn 1968, p. 96
  44. ↑ Great Britain Historical GIS Project (2004), "Astley CP/Ch through time. Population Statistics. Total Population", A vision of Britain through time (University of Portsmouth), retrieved 19 September 2009
  45. 1 2 Spatial Portrait, limehouse.co.uk, retrieved 29 December 2009
  46. ↑ Historic Environment, Wigan MDC, retrieved 18 February 2010
  47. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 5
  48. ↑ Historic England, "Morley's Hall (1318255)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 20 September 2012
  49. ↑ Bond, Ackers & Ward 1979, p. 26
  50. ↑ Gravelines Poor Clares (pdf), Queen Mary University of London, pp. 4–5, retrieved 29 December 2010
  51. ↑ Sir Thomas Tyldesley, Peter J Tyldesley, retrieved 2 February 2010
  52. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 104
  53. 1 2 Lunn 1968, p. 73
  54. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 95
  55. ↑ Lunn 1968, pp. 65–66
  56. ↑ Astley Station, subbrit.org, retrieved 11 May 2009
  57. ↑ Sweeney 1997, p. 333
  58. ↑ Three Lancashire Lowkas, IRSociety, retrieved 18 September 2009
  59. 1 2 Lunn 1968, p. 24
  60. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 94
  61. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 78
  62. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 10
  63. ↑ Tonge 2002, p. 12
  64. ↑ Churches-UK-Ireland, churches-uk-ireland.org, retrieved 4 August 2009
  65. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 107
  66. ↑ Lunn 1968, p. 30
  67. ↑ "Chorlton's canonised Catholic", BBC News, 9 November 2009, retrieved 23 January 2010
  68. 1 2 Bond, Ackers & Ward 1979, p. 28
  69. ↑ Leigh Pastoral Area, rcdeanery.org, retrieved 25 May 2010
  70. ↑ Manchester Road Independent Methodist, genuki.org.uk, retrieved 10 December 2009
  71. ↑ Lower Green Lane Wesleyan Methodist, genuki.org.uk, retrieved 10 December 2009
  72. ↑ A&T Cricket, play-cricket.com, retrieved 24 January 2010
  73. ↑ Astley Road Runners, astleyrunners.co.uk, archived from the original on 19 January 2010, retrieved 23 January 2010
  74. ↑ Cycle Speedway, astleycyclespeedway.org, archived from the original on 28 January 2010, retrieved 23 January 2010
  75. ↑ Police Atherton, Greater Manchester Police, retrieved 24 May 2010
  76. ↑ Fire and Rescue, Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue, retrieved 24 May 2010
  77. ↑ Wigan and Leigh NHS, Wigan and Leigh NHS, retrieved 24 May 2010
  78. ↑ Welcome to the Wigan Borough Clinical Commissioning Group Website, Wigan Borough Clinical Commissioning Group, retrieved 6 November 2013
  79. ↑ Authorities, Association of Greater Manchester Authorities accessdate=18 September 2012
  80. ↑ Electricity Distribution Companies, nationalgrid.com/uk, retrieved 24 May 2010
  81. ↑ United Utilities, United Utilities, retrieved 24 May 2010

Bibliography

  • Bond; Ackers; Ward (1979), Leigh Homesteads, Leigh Local History Society Publication No7 
  • Lunn, John (1968), A short history of the township of Astley, Lunn 
  • Mills, A.D. (1998), Dictionary of English Place-Names, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-280074-4 
  • Sweeney, D.J. (1997), A Lancashire Triangle Part Two, Triangle Publishing, ISBN 0-952-9333-22 
  • Tonge, John & Sylvia (2002), Astley Hall Damhouse, John and Sylvia Tonge, ISBN 0-9515210-2-0 

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