Ivano-Frankivsk

Ivano-Frankivsk
Івано-Франківськ
City of regional significance

Ratusha

Flag
Coat of arms
Ivano-Frankivsk

Location of Ivano-Frankivsk

Ivano-Frankivsk
Coordinates: 48°55′22″N 24°42′38″E / 48.92278°N 24.71056°E / 48.92278; 24.71056Coordinates: 48°55′22″N 24°42′38″E / 48.92278°N 24.71056°E / 48.92278; 24.71056
Country  Ukraine
Region  Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Established 1650
Subdivisions
Government
 • Mayor Ruslan Martsinkiv (Svoboda)[1]
Area
 • Total 119,73 km2 (4,623 sq mi)
Elevation 244 m (801 ft)
Population (2015)
 • Total 229, 447
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal index 76000 — 76030
Area code +380 342
Website www.mvk.if.ua

Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukrainian: Іва́но-Франкі́вськ [iˈwɑnɔfrɑnˈkiu̯sʲk]; formerly Stanyslaviv,[2] Stanislau, or Stanisławów; see below) is a historic city located in the western Ukraine.[3] It is the administrative centre of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Administratively, it is designated as a city of regional significance within the oblast, and together with a number of rural localities, is incorporated as Ivano-Frankivsk Municipality. Population: 226,018 (2013 est.)[4].

Built in the mid 17th century as a private fortress of the Polish Potocki family, with the partition of Poland in 1772 Stanisławów was passed to the Habsburg Empire, after which it became the property of the State authorities of the Austrian Empire. It was during that time that the fortress was transformed into one of the most prominent cities at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. After World War I, for a short stint it served as temporary capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic, after the fall of which Stanisławów became part of the Second Polish Republic. At the dawn of World War II, the city was annexed by the Soviet Union, only to be occupied by Nazi Germany two years later. With the liberation of Ukraine in 1944, a Soviet regime was established in the city for the next 45 years. A few years before the fall of the Soviet Union, the blue-yellow flag was raised in the city as the symbol of an independent Ukraine.

A city visitor may find elements of various cultures intertwined within Ivano-Frankivsk, the Polish Rathaus, the Austrian city's business center, the Soviet panel multi-storied residential apartment buildings at the city's urban-rural fringe, and others. The city is third in population among other cities in the Carpathian Euroregion, yielding only to Lviv and Košice.

Name

Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki after whom the city was named firstly.
Ivan Franko

Stanisławów was founded as a fortress in 1663 and was named after the Polish hetman Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki,[5][6] although other sources claim it was named after his grandson.[7] In 1772, its name was transliterated into German as Stanislau when it became part of the Austrian Empire and later Austria-Hungary; however, after the revolution of 1848, the city carried three different linguistic renderings of its name: German, Polish, and Ruthenian (German: Stanislau, pronounced [ˈʃtaːnɪslaʊ̯]; Polish: Stanisławów, pronounced [staɲiˈswavuf]); Ukrainian: Станісла́вів, Stanyslaviv, pronounced [stɑnʲiˈslɑβ̞iw]. Other spellings used in the local press-media included: Russian: Станиславов and Yiddish: סטאַניסלאוו‎. After World War II it was changed by the Soviet authorities into a simplified version Stanislav (Ukrainian: Станісла́в, pronounced [stɑnʲiˈslɑw]; Russian: Станисла́в, pronounced [stənʲɪˈslaf]). In 1962, on the city's 300th anniversary, it was renamed to honor the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Due to the city's over-sized name, unofficially it is sometimes called simply Franyk[8] by its residents. Even though Ivano-Frankivsk is the officially accepted name, the city's original name was never fully abandoned and/or forgotten and can be found throughout the city in all kinds of variations.

Memorial plaque on the walls of the Regional Art Museum tells about the death of Stanislaw Potocki, son of Andrzej
Name change

History

The city, named Stanisławów (Stanyslaviv), was erected as a fortress to protect the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from Tatar invasions and to reinforce the region in case of some other Khmelnytsky Uprising would occur. It was built out of a fort that was erected next to the villages of Zabolotiv which had been known since 1435[9] and Knyahynyn (1449).[7] The village of Zabolotiv and the land around it were purchased by Stanisław Rewera Potocki from another Polish nobleman Rzeczkowski. By 1672 the fortress had been restructured from wood into brick. Also a new large fortified Potocki palace was erected in the place of older smaller wooden one. Today this building serves as the military hospital. In the same year Jews were granted the right to become permanent residents, and who could work, conduct commerce, and come and go from the city as they pleased.[10]

Originally the city was divided into two districts: Tysmenytsia and Halych. Sometime in 1817-1819 the neighbouring village of Zabolottya, that had a special status, was incorporated into the city as a new district, while the Tysmenytsia district was divided into Tysmenytsia and Lysets districts. Each district had its main street corresponded with its name: Halych Street (Halych district), Tysmenytsia Street which today is Independence Street (Tysmenytsia district), Zabolotiv Street - Mykhailo Hrushevsky Street and Street of Vasylyanok (Zabolottya district), and Lysets Street - Hetman Mazepa Street (Lysets district). Later the city was split into six small districts: midtown where the rich Catholic population and patricians lived, pidzamche (subcastle), and four suburbs - Zabolotiv, Tysmenytia, Halych and Lysets where the plebeians lived.[11]

Austrian KK stamp bilingual cancelled in 1891 with German and Polish names

In October 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed and the Western Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR) was proclaimed.[12] In the early months of 1919 (from January to May) the city became a temporary capital of the West Ukrainian National Republic, while still recovering from World War I. All state affairs took place in the building of Dnister Hotel where the Act Zluky (Unification Act) was composed and signed on January 22, 1919 by the Ukrainian People's Republic.[13][14] The same year it was subjected to the Polish–Ukrainian and the Romanian-Ukrainian skirmishes eventually being annexed by Poland as part of the Second Polish Republic as the centre of the Stanisławów Voivodship. It was occupied by the Romanian army for the summer months from May 25 through August 21, 1919. During the Polish-Soviet War in 1920, the Red Army took over the city for a brief period. After the Soviet retreat, Ukrainian troops loyal to Symon Petlura occupied the city for a few days. At this period of history the city was in complete disorder.[15]

In the 1939 invasion of Poland by German and Soviet forces, the territory was captured by the Soviets in September 1939 and included into the Ukrainian SSR. Between September 1939 and June 1941, the Soviet regime ordered thousands of inhabitants of the city to leave their houses and move to Siberia, where most of them perished. Numerous people were taken out of the city prison and simply shot outside of the city when Soviet forces were leaving it in 1941. There were more than 40,000 Jews in Stanisławów when it was occupied by the Nazi Germany on July 26, 1941. During the occupation (1941–44), more than 600 educated Poles and most of the city's Jewish population were murdered.[16]

Beginning in 1944 the city became part of the Soviet Union and was renamed 'Stanislav'. The Soviets forced most of the Polish population to leave the city, most of them settled in the Recovered Territories. During the post-war period the city was part of the Carpathian Military District housing the 38th Army (70th Motor Rifle Division) that participated in the Operation Dunai.

Timeline

The city's Art Museum on the Sheptytsky Square (former Parish Church of Virgin Mary)

Climate and Geography

As is the case with most of Ukraine, the climate is moderate continental with warm summers, and fairly cold winters. The following climate data provided is for the past 62 years. The average number of days with precipitation is 170 spread almost equally throughout a year. Most precipitation takes place during the winter months and least - early fall. Thunderstorms occur mostly in summer months averaging around 25 annually.[17] Ivano-Frankivsk averages about 296 days of fog or misty days with about 24 per month.[17]

The city is situated in the Carpathian region northeast of the mountain range, sitting approximately 120 metres (390 ft) above mean sea level.[19] One of the several main geographical features is the Vovchynets Hill also known as the Vovchynets Mountains. The hill reaches 300-350 metres (1,150 ft) above the sea level and is part of the Pokuttya Highland (Upland). Around the hill Bystrytsia River branches into Bystrytsia of Nadvirna, Bystrytsia of Solotvyn, and Vorona. The last two rivers serve a natural border between the Pokuttya Highland and Stanislav Basin. The Vovchynets Hill is located just outside and northeast of Ivano-Frankivsk. Located southeast from the Stanislav Basin in the direction of the Prut Valley is the Khorosnen (Prut-Bystrytsia) Highland. The highest point of that highland is the mount Hostra 425 metres (1,394 ft).

The closest neighboring city is Tysmenytsia less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the east. Other cities that lie in the radius of 25 to 30 km (16 to 19 mi) are Tlumach (east), Nadvirna (south), Kalush (west), and Halych (north). The city also administers five adjacent villages that surround it: Mykytyntsi, Krykhivtsi, Vovchynets, Uhornyky, and Khryplyn.

Population and demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1732 3,300—    
1792 5,448+65.1%
1849 11,000+101.9%
1869* 14,786+34.4%
1880 18,626+26.0%
1900* 27,012+45.0%
1910* 29,850+10.5%
1914 64,000+114.4%
1921 51,391−19.7%
1931 60,626+18.0%
2007 222,538+267.1%
2008 223,634+0.5%
2009 224,401+0.3%
2012 242,549+8.1%

Note: Historical population record is taken out of Ivano-Frankivsk portal (Ukrainian), more recent - the Regional Directorate of Statistics (Ukrainian). There is also other information on a population growth such as the Jewishgen.org. With asterisk there are identified years of approximate data. In the 18th century, differentiation among Poles and Ukrainians was by religious background rather than ethnic (Catholics vs. Orthodox).

1732 Population
  • Slavs – 1,518
  • Jews – 1,420
  • Armenians – 333
  • not known – 29
1792 Population
  • Slavs – 2,526
  • Jews – 2,412
  • Armenians – 510
1869 Population
  • Jews – 8,088
  • Poles – 4,221
  • Ukrainians – 2,236
  • others – 186
  • Armenians – 55
1880 Population
  • Jews – 10,023
  • Poles – 5,584
  • Ukrainians – 2,794
  • Germans – 135
  • Armenians – 90
1900 Population
  • Jews – 13,826
  • Poles – 8,334
  • Ukrainians – 4,606
  • Germans – 149
  • Armenians – 58
  • Czech – 39
1910 Population
  • Jews – 15,161
  • Poles – 9,065
  • Ukrainians – 5,624
1921 Population
  • Poles – 21,581
  • Jews – 20,208
  • Ukrainians – 8,441
  • Germans – 1,076
  • others – 74
  • Czech – 11

Infrastructure

Ivano-Frankivsk Railway Station
Public transportation

The city of Ivano-Frankivsk has an extensive network of public transport including buses, trolleybuses, and taxis. There are nine trolleybus routes and about 52 for regular buses. Some of the routes run beyond the city into nearby villages.

Railway transportation

There is one railway terminal that serves the Ivano-Frankivsk train station. There are also smaller rail stations in adjacent villages, including Uhryniv and Khryplyn. All of them are part of Lviv Railways.

Bus transportation

Until 2008, the railway terminal also housed a bus terminal which provided several inter-city bus routes, including some to international destinations. In 2000, construction began on a new bus terminal next to the railway terminus on Zaliznychna Street. Inauguration of the new bus terminal took place on 22 May 2010. At the opening ceremony the mayor of the city, Viktor Anushkevichus, noted that the new bus terminal was only partially completed, and for a period it would be necessary to offload passengers at the Pryvokzalna Square, which is already saturated with traffic. He also emphasised the need for another bus station on the outskirts of the city.[20]

Ivano-Frankivsk International Airport
Airways transportation

The city is served by the Ivano-Frankivsk International Airport, which was granted international status in 1992. The airport shares its facilities with the 114 Brigade of the Ukrainian Air Force. Since 2002 the airport has been leased to the private enterprise company Yavson, and from 2005 the Public limited company Naftokhimik Prykarpattia, a (subsidiary of Ukrnafta). The contract with Naftokhimik Prykarpattia expires in 2013.

Lodging

There are many lodging options in Ivano-Frankivsk. Ivano-Frankivsk has one four-star hotel ("Park Hotel") and three three-star hotels ("Nadia", "Auscoprut", "Pid Templem").

Streets

Full list of renamed streets (Ukrainian)

Road map of Ivano Frankivsk

All street names reflecting the city's Soviet or Russian past have been returned to their former names, or given new names of national historic importance, or other non-controversial names. For example, Gagarin Street (connecting the city with its suburbs) became Vovchynets Street, Suvorov Street is now Harbar Street, and Soviet Street is Independence Street.

Around 100 other streets were renamed.

Important transportation arteries

Routes

The city of Ivano-Frankivsk is located on the intersection of three major national (Ukraine) routes: H18, H09, and H10. There also is one important regional route T09-06. All the H-routes eventually connect to .

The Market Square in Ivano-Frankivsk
Viche Maidan, the corner of Vitovsky Street and Independence Street
View onto vulytsia Sichovyh Striltsiv from Viche Maidan
A shopping street in central Ivano-Frankivsk

City Squares

The city has seven main city squares four of them located in the "old town" part of the city.

Rural-urban fringe districts

As a lot of regional centers in Ukraine and the former Soviet Union, Ivano-Frankivsk is also notorious for its rural-urban fringe panel building residential districts.

Administration

Both city and oblast administrations as well as the regional council are all located in a massive white building on the Hrushevsky Street locally known as Bily Dim or Bily Budynok. In front of the building is a big open space bordered by Shpytalna Street on the north-east, Hrushevsky Street on the south-east, and Melnychuk Street on the south-west. Next to the building is located a memorial to the Unification of the Western Ukraine with the rest of Ukraine. The main feature of the memorial is a tall marble stele, on the both sides of which are located statues: kamenyar (west) and kobzar (east).

City's Council

The city's council currently consists of 60 deputies. The political representation of the V convocation by political blocs was elected as such: Our Ukraine 22 (Our Ukraine 9, Rukh 8, United Centre 1, Industrialists and Entrepreneurs 2, no affiliation 2), BYuT 17 (Batkivschyna 14, USDP 2, no affiliation 1), Ukrainian People's Party 14 (UPP 3, CUN 1, United Centre 3, Sobor 1, no affiliation 6), Party of Regions 4 (Party of Regions 3, no affiliation 1), PORA 3 (PORA 2, no affiliation 1).

Recent city mayors

Education

The city has over 25 public schools of general education for grades 1 through 11. There are also some privately owned schools and lyceums. The city also has several professional public institutes.

There also numerous sports schools: Fitness Sport Association "Ukraine" - 5 schools, MVK - 3 schools, Fitness Sport Association "Spartak" - 2 schools, Fitness Sport Association "Kolos" - 1 school, others.

Universities

Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

The city has six universities, the Ivano-Frankivsk Institute of Management that is a local campus of the Ternopil National Economic University, and the Ivano-Frankivsk Institute of Management and Economics "Halytska Akademia". All of those universities are state funded.

  1. Vasyl Stefanyk Subcarpathian National University
  2. Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas (University of Oil and Gas)
  3. Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
  4. King Daniel of Galicia Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law
  5. Ivano-Frankivsk Theological Academy of Greek-Catholic Church
  6. West Ukrainian University of Economics and Law

Culture and sports

National Landmarks

The building of Church of Virgin Mary which is used for the Regional Art Museum.
A part of vulytsia Nezalezhnosti called stometrivka
vulytsia Hrushevskoho (Hrushevsky Street)
Former Armenian cathedral, which today belongs to Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church

Other attractions

Shevchenko and Franko statues in Ivano-Frankivsk

Architecture

Potocki gates

Theaters

Former

City Parks

Night Life

House of sport association "Sokol", 1895

Sports

Ivano-Frankivsk is home to a number of sports teams. Most notably it was home to the football club FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk (Prykarpattya) that participated on the national level since the 1950s. Since 2007 the club only fields its youth team Spartak-93 and competes in the Children-Youth Football League of Ukraine. The former president of Spartak Anatoliy Revutskiy reorganized the local university (University of Nafty i Hazu) team in 2007 into the new "FSK Prykarpattia" with support of the city mayor Anushkevichus making it the main football club in the region and replacing Spartak. Previously during the interbellum period, the city was home to another football club based on the local Polish garrison and called Rewera Stanisławów (1908). That club competed at a regional level that had evolved at that period. With the start of the World War II that club was disbanded. During the Soviet period among several others there was another club "Elektron" that successfully participated at a regional level around the 1970s.

The city also is the home to a futsal team, PFC Uragan Ivano-Frankivsk, that competes in the Ukrainian Futsal Championship. They are the current the Ukrainian champions having won the 2010/11 season playoffs and therefore took part in the 2011–12 UEFA Futsal Cup for the first time. The city had an Ice hockey team, HC Vatra Ivano-Frankivsk, which previously played in the Ukrainian Hockey Championship.

Ivano-Frankivsk is also the hometown of Ukrainian gymnasts one of them Dariya Zgoba who won gold on the Uneven Bars in the 2007 European Championships as well as a finalist on the Beijing Olympics and another - Yana Demyanchuk, who won gold on the balance beam at the 2009 European Championships.

Other clubs include:

Main Stadiums and Sport Complexes

City's radio, television, press media

Press
Radio
Television

Notable people

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Ivano-Frankivsk is twinned with 22 cities and one county:[24]

Local orientation
 Uhryniv Uhryniv
Kluziv		 Vovchynets
Pidluzhya
Zahvizdya Uhornyky
Mykytyntsi
   Ivano-Frankivsk  
Krykhivtsi Chukalivka
Cherniiv		 Khryplyn
Regional orientation
 Drohobych Lviv
Lutsk		 Ternopil
Rivne
Uzhhorod Khmelnytskyi
Vinnytsia
   Ivano-Frankivsk  
Khust (Romania) Chernivtsi

See also

References

Bibliography

  • "Endure, Defy and Remember", by Joachim Nachbar, 1977
  • Evans, Andrew (1 March 2007). Ukraine: The Bradt Travel Guide. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-181-4. Retrieved 7 March 2010. 
  • "False papers: deception and survival in the Holocaust", by Robert Melson, Univ. of Illinois Press, 2000. Dr. Melson is a professor of political science at Purdue, whose grandfather owned the Mendelsohn factory in Stanislawow.
  • "I'm not even a grown up, the diary of Jerzy Feliks Urman", translated by Anthony Rudolf and Joanna Voit, ed. by Anthony Rudolf. London: Menard Press, 1991. 11-yr old in Stanislaw commits suicide to avoid capture by Nazis.
  • "Living Longer than Hate", by C.S. Ragsdale
  • Mokotoff, Gary; Amdur Sack, Sallyann; Sharon, Alexander (November 2002). Where once we walked: a guide to the Jewish communities destroyed in the Holocaust. Avotaynu. ISBN 978-1-886223-15-8. Retrieved 8 March 2010. 

Notes

  1. ↑ Mayors of Mykolayiv, Ivano-Frankivsk become known after elections, Ukrinform (16 November 2015)
  2. ↑ The Sad End of the Orange Revolution, Der Spiegel (14 January 2010)
  3. ↑ "The City of Ivano-Frankivsk". sbedif.if.ua. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  4. ↑ "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  5. ↑ "The City of Ivano-Frankivsk". sbedif.if.ua. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  6. ↑ Sadok Barącz „Pamiątki miasta Stanisławowa", Lwów 1858, s. 11
  7. 1 2 Станіславів, хронологія Історія Станіславова
  8. ↑ Informational portal of the Region (Ukrainian)
  9. ↑ – The castle of Stanislaviv
  10. ↑ Jewish Genealogy – The Jewish Settlement from its Inception until 1772
  11. ↑ (Ukrainian) Brief History of Ivano-Frankivsk
  12. ↑ Toronto Ukrainian Genealogy Group – History of Galicia
  13. ↑ Yanukovych condemns attempts to undermine unity, Kyiv Post (21 January 2011)
  14. ↑ The Day of Unity, opinion-times.com
  15. ↑ Jewish Genealogy – Between the Two World Wars
  16. ↑ yadvashem.org
  17. 1 2 3 "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine". Weatherbase. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  18. ↑ "Ivano-Frankivsk Ukraine Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  19. ↑ "UKRAINE : general data". Populstat.info. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  20. ↑ (Ukrainian) Reporter. Ivano-Frankivsk weekly. 25 May 2010
  21. ↑ (Ukrainian) About "Atelie Arkhitektury"
  22. ↑ (Ukrainian) Tsunami main website
  23. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Офіційний сайт міста Івано-Франківська. mvk.if.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  25. ↑ "Serwis informacyjny UM Rzeszów – Informacja o współpracy Rzeszowa z miastami partnerskimi". www.rzeszow.pl. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  26. ↑ "Zielona Góra Miasta partnerskie". Urząd Miasta Zielona Góra. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  27. ↑ "Rybnik Official Website – Twin Towns". (in English) © 2008 Urząd Miasta Rybnika, ul. Bolesława Chrobrego 2, 44–200 Rybnik. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
  28. ↑ Побратимские связи г. Бреста. city.brest.by (in Russian). Retrieved March 8, 2010.
  29. ↑ Побратимские связи г. Бреста.
  30. ↑ "Miasta Partnerskie Opola". Urzad Miasta Opola (in Polish). Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  31. ↑ "Miasta Partnerskie Lublina" [Lublin - Partnership Cities]. lublin.eu (Urząd Miasta Lublin - City of Lublin) (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-08-07.

External links

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