Armand Fallières

Armand Fallières
President of the French Republic
In office 18 February 1906 – 18 February 1913
Prime Minister	Maurice Rouvier Ferdinand Sarrien Georges Clemenceau Aristide Briand Ernest Monis Joseph Caillaux Raymond Poincaré Aristide Briand
Preceded by	Émile Loubet
Succeeded by	Raymond Poincaré
Prime Minister of France
In office 29 January 1883 – 21 February 1883
President	Jules Grévy
Preceded by	Charles Duclerc
Succeeded by	Jules Ferry
Personal details
Born	6 November 1841 Mézin, France
Died	22 June 1931 (aged 89) Lannes, France
Political party	Democratic Republican Alliance

Clément Armand Fallières (French pronunciation: ​[aʁmɑ̃ faljɛʁ]; 6 November 1841 – 22 June 1931) was a French politician, president of the French republic from 1906 to 1913.

He was born at Mézin in the département of Lot-et-Garonne, France, where his father was clerk of the peace. He studied law and became an advocate at Nérac, beginning his public career there as municipal councillor (1868), afterwards mayor (1871), and as councillor-general of the département of Lot-et-Garonne (1871). Being an ardent Republican, he lost this position in May 1873 upon the fall of Thiers, but in February 1876 was elected deputy for Nérac. In the chamber he sat with the Republican Left, signed the protestation of 18 May 1877, and was re-elected five months later.

In 1880 he became under-secretary of state in the department of the interior in Jules Ferry's ministry (May 1880 to November 1881). From 7 August 1882 to 20 February 1883 he was minister of the interior, and for a month (from 29 January 1883) was prime minister. His ministry had to face the question of the expulsion of the pretenders to the throne of France, owing to the proclamation by Prince Napoléon (January 1883).

Fallières, who was ill at the time , was not able to face the storm of opposition, and resigned when the senate rejected his project. The following November, however, he was chosen as minister of public instruction by Jules Ferry, and carried out various reforms in the school system.

He resigned in March 1885, becoming minister of the interior in Maurice Rouvier's cabinet two years later. He exchanged his portfolio in December for that of the department of justice. He returned again to the ministry of the interior in February 1889, and finally retook the department of justice from March 1890 to February 1892. In June 1890 his département (Lot-et-Garonne) elected him to the senate by 417 votes to 23. There Fallières remained independent of party struggles, although maintaining his influence among the Republicans.

In March 1899 he was elected president of the senate, and retained that position until January 1906, when he was chosen by a union of the groups of the Left in both chambers as candidate for the presidency of the republic. He was elected on the first ballot by 449 votes against 371 for his opponent, Paul Doumer.

Fallières was an outspoken opponent of the death penalty and commuted the sentences of many prisoners sentenced to death.

Fallières' Ministry, 29 January 1883 – 21 February 1883

• Armand Fallières – President of the Council, interim Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of the Interior, and Minister of Worship
• Jean Thibaudin – Minister of War
• Pierre Tirard – Minister of Finance
• Paul Devès – Minister of Justice
• François de Mahy – Minister of Agriculture and interim Minister of Marine and Colonies
• Jules Duvaux – Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
• Anne Charles Hérisson – Minister of Public Works
• Adolphe Cochery – Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
• Pierre Legrand – Minister of Commerce

References

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•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fallières, Clément Armand". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.