Anhaux

Anhaux
The fronton at Anhaux
Coat of arms
Anhaux
Location within Aquitaine region  Anhaux
Coordinates: 43°10′N 1°17′W / 43.17°N 1.29°W / 43.17; -1.29Coordinates: 43°10′N 1°17′W / 43.17°N 1.29°W / 43.17; -1.29
Country	France
Region	Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Bayonne
Canton	Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry
Intercommunality	Garazi-Baïgorri
Government
• Mayor (2014–2020)	André Changala
Area1	12.33 km2 (4.76 sq mi)
Population (2009)2	286
• Density	23/km2 (60/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	64026 / 64220
Elevation	180–1,247 m (591–4,091 ft) (avg. 189 m or 620 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Anhaux (Basque: Anhauze) is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Aquitaine region of south-western France in the former province of Lower Navarre.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Anhauztar.^[1][2]

Geography

A business name on a lintel

Anhaux is located some 2 km west of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port and some 10 km south of Ossès. Access to the commune is solely by country roads branching from the D15 road passing to the north of the commune. The commune consists of farmland in the north with the southern part more rugged and hilly.

The commune is located in the drainage basin of the Adour. The Ontzeroneker erreka' - a tributary of the Nive d'Arnéguy - with many tributaries rising in the commune forms the southern border with Lasse commune.^[3] A right tributary of the Berroko erreka, the Aparraineko erreka flows down from the Artzaïnharria (971 m).

Localities and hamlets

The Lavoir (Public Laundry)

The Napoleonic land registry divided the commune into 16 districts in 1840:

Districts in Section A called The Village

Districts in Section B called Honçaron

Heguy was an old district, extending that of Choubitoa.

Today, the following localities are listed:^[4]

Neighbouring communes and villages

		Irouléguy	Ascarat
	Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry		Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port
		Anhaux
	Banca	Arnéguy	Lasse

Toponymy

The commune name in basque is Anhauze.^[8]

Brigitte Jobbé-Duval^[1] proposed a basque origin of ona-oz, meaning "place of the hill".

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Sources:

• Grosclaude: Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn, 2006 (French)^[9]
• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (French)^[5]

Origins:

• Mérimée: Presentation of the Commune^[10]
• Pamplona: Titles of Pamplona^[11]
• Biscay: Martin Biscay^[12]
• Collations: Collations of the Diocese of Bayonne^[13]

History

Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste

Anhaux village is one of eleven hamlets or villages which were in the Baigorry Valley. In the Middle Ages, the eleven hamlets were: Ascarat, Sorhoeta, Moussourits, Lasse, Irouleguy, Urdos, Leispars, Occos, Oticoren, Guermiette, and Anhauz, all in the north of the valley. The south was not populated until much later. Despite sounding Basque, the name of this village seems to defy all analysis. The oldest document known on which the name Anhaux appears is now the cartulary of the abbey of Saint-Jean of Sorde where it appears in the 10th century.

Father Haristoy in his book Research on the Basque Country noted that recorded in this cartulary were:

• "1068-1072 Oz Guilhem de Onotz and his wife received from Saint-Jean a piece of land located at Anhaux subject to they and their successors providing security and seven loaves, one pig, one pint of wine, and two measures of provisions";
• "1072-1100 Fort Garcies de Onoz with his wife Farguild, and son undertook to give in perpetuity to Saint-Jean (of Sordes) six loaves, two measures of cider, and two civades".

The Benedictine Abbey in question was founded in the 9th century north-east of Navarre. It was, as with all the monasteries at the time, a vast agricultural area spread along the mountain streams in Orthe country and lower Navarre and, according to the two cited references, in the parish of Anhaux.

It was around 1023 that King Sancho III of Navarre founded the fief of the Viscounty of Baigory in favour of Garcias Lop who was related. The creation of the hamlet itself, on the viscounts' lands, therefore dates back to this period. Thus from the 11th century the status of houses at Anhaux was defined by the writer Jean-Baptiste Orpustan.^[14] He provided a list of houses existing in the Middle Ages in Anhaux. This document was created from the archives from 1350, 1366, and 1412.

Of the twenty-eight houses found there, four were noble (only the house was noble and so the owners were considered as such), the others were fivatiéres which means that they paid a fee in crops, work, or money and were built on the land of the "Lord" of the main house.

The successive Viscounts of Baigorry then of Echaux enjoyed the tithes of the village until their liquidation in 1792.

The arms Anhaux are those of the Apesteguy family. They were adopted by the municipal council on 30 July 1993. Pierre Haristoy^[15] wrote that the Apesteguy were lords of Jaureguia and of Anhaux and nominated the priest for the area. In deeds before 1670 several of the Apesteguy appear as noble. Towards 1720 Jean-Pierre d'Apesteguy was received by the States of Navarre. The house of Apesteguia was, until the 18th century, the Lay Abbey for the area. Its members played an important role in the valley until the end of the 19th century.

The Cassini map, made in the 18th century shows a parish consisting of:

• the village of Anhaux with a parish church;
• the hamlet of Choubitoua: currently a district of the same name;
• the hamlet of Bassabouria: currently the Olheguy district;
• the hamlet of Ounsaharte: currently the Lacoa district;
• the hamlet of Ançonne: currently the Tambourine district and part of the Mounhoa district on the slopes of Arrola peak.

Heraldry

Blazon: Azure, a pale of Argent flanked by two escallops the same.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors^[16]

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

Anhaux commune participates in eight inter-communal structures:

• the Community of communes of Garazi-Baigorri;
• the SIVOS of Garazi;
• the SIVU Hiruen Artean;
• the Inter-communal association for the development and management of the abattoir of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port;
• the joint association for the watershed of the Nive;
• the association to support Basque culture;
• the AEP association of Irouleguy-Anhaux;
• the energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

Demography

In 2009 the commune had 286 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.^{[Note 1]}

Economy

The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) of Irouléguy and also the AOC of Ossau-iraty. Economic activity is principally agricultural.

Culture and heritage

A House in Anhaux

A House in Anhaux

Languages

According to the Map of the Seven Provinces edited in 1863 by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte, the basque dialect spoken in Anhaux is western Lower Navarre.

Civil heritage

The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

• The Jauregia house (14th century)^[17]
• The Laxaga house (15th century)^[7]
• The Eiherartia farmhouse (1730)^[6]
• Houses and Farms (18th - 20th century)^[18]

Religious heritage

The Church of Saint John the Baptist (Middle Ages) is registered as an historical monument.^[19] It was almost entirely rebuilt in 1838. Its cemetery has some Hilarri.

Hilarri in the Cemetery

Environmental Heritage

• The Adartza (1,250m) is a mountain located between Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry, Lasse, and Anhaux.
• The Artzaïnharria is 971m high
• The Arrolakoharria, between Banca, Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry, and Anhaux, is 1,060m high.
• The Munhoa (or Monhoa) (1,021m) is a mountain located between Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry and Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. It can be accessed via Anhaux, Lasse, or Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry by the GR10.^[4]

Notable people linked to the commune

Jean Iraçabal, born in 1851 at Anhaux and died in 1929 (buried at Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry), was a decorated French military officer.

See also

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

Notes

1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 , the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

External links

• ANHAUZE in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa) (Spanish)
• Anhaux on Lion1906
• Anhaux on the 1750 Cassini Map
• Anhaux on the INSEE website (French)
• INSEE (French)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anhaux.

Municipalities in Lower Navarre Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan Ayherre Ainhice-Mongelos Aincille Aïcirits-Camou-Suhast Came Aldudes Amendeuix-Oneix Amorots-Succos Anhaux Arbérats-Sillègue Arbouet-Sussaute Arhansus Armendarits Arnéguy Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa Arraute-Charritte Ascarat Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry Banca La Bastide-Clairence Béhasque-Lapiste Béguios Béhorléguy Bidache Bidarray Beyrie-sur-Joyeuse Bunus Bergouey-Viellenave Bustince-Iriberry Saint-Just-Ibarre Saint-Martin-d'Arberoue Saint-Palais Saint-Jean-le-Vieux Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Saint-Esteben Bussunarits-Sarrasquette Saint-Michel Arancou Estérençuby Gabat Gamarthe Garris Hélette Hosta Jaxu Ibarrolle Iholdy Ilharre Irissarry Irouléguy Isturits Ispoure Ostabat-Asme Juxue Labets-Biscay Lacarre Lantabat Larribar-Sorhapuru Larceveau-Arros-Cibits Lasse Lecumberry Luxe-Sumberraute Masparraute Méharin Mendive Orègue Ossès Orsanco Pagolle Sames Uhart-Cize Uhart-Mixe Urepel Çaro

Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department Aast Abère Abidos Abitain Abos Accous Agnos Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan Ahetze Aïcirits-Camou-Suhast Aincille Ainharp Ainhice-Mongelos Ainhoa Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette Aldudes Alos-Sibas-Abense Amendeuix-Oneix Amorots-Succos Ance Andoins Andrein Angaïs Anglet Angous Anhaux Anos Anoye Aramits Arancou Araujuzon Araux Arbérats-Sillègue Arbonne Arbouet-Sussaute Arbus Arcangues Aren Aressy Arette Argagnon Argelos Arget Arhansus Armendarits Arnéguy Arnos Aroue-Ithorots-Olhaïby Arrast-Larrebieu Arraute-Charritte Arricau-Bordes Arrien Arros-de-Nay Arrosès Arthez-d'Asson Arthez-de-Béarn Artigueloutan Artiguelouve Artix Arudy Arzacq-Arraziguet Asasp-Arros Ascain Ascarat Assat Asson Aste-Béon Astis Athos-Aspis Aubertin Aubin Aubous Audaux Auga Auriac Aurions-Idernes Aussevielle Aussurucq Auterrive Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren Aydie Aydius Ayherre Baigts-de-Béarn Balansun Baleix Baliracq-Maumusson Baliros Banca Barcus Bardos Barinque Barraute-Camu Barzun Bassillon-Vauzé Bassussarry Bastanès La Bastide-Clairence Baudreix Bayonne Bédeille Bedous Béguios Béhasque-Lapiste Béhorléguy Bellocq Bénéjacq Bentayou-Sérée Béost Bérenx Bergouey-Viellenave Bernadets Berrogain-Laruns Bescat Bésingrand Bétracq Beuste Beyrie-en-Béarn Beyrie-sur-Joyeuse Biarritz Bidache Bidarray Bidart Bidos Bielle Bilhères Billère Biriatou Biron Bizanos Boeil-Bezing Bonloc Bonnut Borce Bordères Bordes Bosdarros Boucau Boueilh-Boueilho-Lasque Bougarber Bouillon Boumourt Bourdettes Bournos Briscous Bruges-Capbis-Mifaget Bugnein Bunus Burgaronne Buros Burosse-Mendousse Bussunarits-Sarrasquette Bustince-Iriberry Buziet Buzy Cabidos Cadillon Cambo-les-Bains Came Camou-Cihigue Cardesse Caro Carrère Carresse-Cassaber Castagnède Casteide-Cami Casteide-Candau Casteide-Doat Castéra-Loubix Castet Castetbon Castétis Castetnau-Camblong Castetner Castetpugon Castillon-d'Arthez Castillon-de-Lembeye Caubios-Loos Cescau Cette-Eygun Charre Charritte-de-Bas Chéraute Ciboure Claracq Coarraze Conchez-de-Béarn Corbère-Abères Coslédaà-Lube-Boast Coublucq Crouseilles Cuqueron Denguin Diusse Doazon Dognen Domezain-Berraute Doumy Eaux-Bonnes Escos Escot Escou Escoubès Escout Escurès Eslourenties-Daban Espéchède Espelette Espès-Undurein Espiute Espoey Esquiule Estérençuby Estialescq Estos Etcharry Etchebar Etsaut Eysus Féas Fichous-Riumayou Gabaston Gabat Gamarthe Gan Garindein Garlède-Mondebat Garlin Garos Garris Gayon Gelos Ger Gerderest Gère-Bélesten Géronce Gestas Géus-d'Arzacq Geüs-d'Oloron Goès Gomer Gotein-Libarrenx Guéthary Guiche Guinarthe-Parenties Gurmençon Gurs Hagetaubin Halsou Hasparren Haut-de-Bosdarros Haux Hélette Hendaye Herrère Higuères-Souye L'Hôpital-d'Orion L'Hôpital-Saint-Blaise Hosta Hours Ibarrolle Idaux-Mendy Idron Igon Iholdy Ilharre Irissarry Irouléguy Ispoure Issor Isturits Itxassou Izeste Jasses Jatxou Jaxu Jurançon Juxue Laà-Mondrans Laàs Labastide-Cézéracq Labastide-Monréjeau Labastide-Villefranche Labatmale Labatut Labets-Biscay Labeyrie Lacadée Lacarre Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut Lacommande Lacq Lagor Lagos Laguinge-Restoue Lahonce Lahontan Lahourcade Lalongue Lalonquette Lamayou Lanne-en-Barétous Lannecaube Lanneplaà Lantabat Larceveau-Arros-Cibits Laroin Larrau Larressore Larreule Larribar-Sorhapuru Laruns Lasclaveries Lasse Lasserre Lasseube Lasseubetat Lay-Lamidou Lecumberry Ledeuix Lée Lées-Athas Lembeye Lème Léren Lescar Lescun Lespielle Lespourcy Lestelle-Bétharram Lichans-Sunhar Lichos Licq-Athérey Limendous Livron Lohitzun-Oyhercq Lombia Lonçon Lons Loubieng Louhossoa Lourdios-Ichère Lourenties Louvie-Juzon Louvie-Soubiron Louvigny Luc-Armau Lucarré Lucgarier Lucq-de-Béarn Lurbe-Saint-Christau Lussagnet-Lusson Luxe-Sumberraute Lys Macaye Malaussanne Mascaraàs-Haron Maslacq Masparraute Maspie-Lalonquère-Juillacq Maucor Mauléon-Licharre Maure Mazères-Lezons Mazerolles Méharin Meillon Mendionde Menditte Mendive Méracq Méritein Mesplède Mialos Miossens-Lanusse Mirepeix Momas Momy Monassut-Audiracq Moncaup Moncayolle-Larrory-Mendibieu Moncla Monein Monpezat Monségur Mont Montagut Montaner Montardon Montaut Mont-Disse Montfort Montory Morlaàs Morlanne Mouguerre Mouhous Moumour Mourenx Musculdy Nabas Narcastet Narp Navailles-Angos Navarrenx Nay Noguères Nousty Ogenne-Camptort Ogeu-les-Bains Oloron-Sainte-Marie Oraàs Ordiarp Orègue Orin Orion Orriule Orsanco Orthez Os-Marsillon Ossas-Suhare Osse-en-Aspe Ossenx Osserain-Rivareyte Ossès Ostabat-Asme Ouillon Ousse Ozenx-Montestrucq Pagolle Parbayse Pardies Pardies-Piétat Pau Peyrelongue-Abos Piets-Plasence-Moustrou Poey-de-Lescar Poey-d'Oloron Pomps Ponson-Debat-Pouts Ponson-Dessus Pontacq Pontiacq-Viellepinte Portet Pouliacq Poursiugues-Boucoue Préchacq-Josbaig Préchacq-Navarrenx Précilhon Puyoô Ramous Rébénacq Ribarrouy Riupeyrous Rivehaute Rontignon Roquiague Saint-Abit Saint-Armou Saint-Boès Saint-Castin Saint-Dos Sainte-Colome Sainte-Engrâce Saint-Esteben Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry Saint-Faust Saint-Girons-en-Béarn Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein Saint-Goin Saint-Jammes Saint-Jean-de-Luz Saint-Jean-le-Vieux Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Saint-Jean-Poudge Saint-Just-Ibarre Saint-Laurent-Bretagne Saint-Martin-d'Arberoue Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa Saint-Médard Saint-Michel Saint-Palais Saint-Pé-de-Léren Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle Saint-Pierre-d'Irube Saint-Vincent Salies-de-Béarn Salles-Mongiscard Sallespisse Sames Samsons-Lion Sare Sarpourenx Sarrance Saubole Saucède Sauguis-Saint-Étienne Sault-de-Navailles Sauvagnon Sauvelade Sauveterre-de-Béarn Séby Sedze-Maubecq Sedzère Séméacq-Blachon Sendets Serres-Castet Serres-Morlaàs Serres-Sainte-Marie Sévignacq Sévignacq-Meyracq Simacourbe Siros Soumoulou Souraïde Suhescun Sus Susmiou Tabaille-Usquain Tadousse-Ussau Tardets-Sorholus Taron-Sadirac-Viellenave Tarsacq Thèze Trois-Villes Uhart-Cize Uhart-Mixe Urcuit Urdès Urdos Urepel Urost Urrugne Urt Ustaritz Uzan Uzein Uzos Verdets Vialer Viellenave-d'Arthez Viellenave-de-Navarrenx Vielleségure Vignes Villefranque Viodos-Abense-de-Bas Viven