André le Breton

André François le Breton (August 1708 – 5 October 1779) was a French publisher. He was one of the four publishers of the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert, along with Michel-Antoine David, Laurent Durand, and Antoine-Claude Briasson. Le Breton contributed some articles to the Encyclopédie (see External links, below), but acted primarily as publisher and editor, often against Diderot's will.

In 1745, le Breton set out to publish a translation of Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia of 1728. He initially chose Jean Paul de Gua de Malves as his editor, but he tired of the job after two years, and in 1747, the editorship went to Diderot. For a more detailed account, see Encyclopédie.

Le Breton would occasionally censor articles in order to make them less radical, frequently drawing the ire of Diderot. According to Grimm, writing in 1777, "The entire extent of the injury done by this unexampled, murderous, and infamous depredation will never be known, since the perpetrators of the crime burned the manuscript as soon as it was printed and left the evil without remedy." This claim has proved not to be true for, unknown to Grimm, le Breton had kept copies of the page proofs.

In the 20th century, these proofs were used to reveal the extent of le Breton's censorship, which was most prominent in the articles "Sarrasins ou Arabes" and "Pyrrhoniene philosophie." In the latter case, le Breton edited Diderot's original article to be less favorable towards Pierre Bayle, a 17th-century philosopher whose views were deemed unacceptable.

See also

• Encyclopédie
• Denis Diderot
• Jean le Rond d'Alembert

References

• Gordon, Douglas and Torrey, Norman, The censoring of Diderot's "Encyclopédie" and the re-established text." New York: Columbia University Press, 1947.
• Wilson, Arthur M., An Unpublished Letter of Diderot, December 28, 1769. Modern Language Notes, Vol. 67, No. 7. (Nov., 1952), pp. 439–443.
• Kafker, Frank A., The Recruitment of the Encyclopedists. Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol. 6, No. 4. (Summer, 1973), pp. 452–461.

External links

• Encre noire, the Encyclopédie article written by le Breton (in French)