Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Luchthaven Schiphol
IATA: AMS – ICAO: EHAM
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner	Schiphol Group
Operator	Schiphol Group
Serves	Amsterdam, Netherlands
Location	Haarlemmermeer
Hub for	Corendon Dutch Airlines Delta Air Lines[1] Jet Airways (begins 27 March 2016) KLM KLM Cityhopper Martinair Cargo Transavia TUI Airlines Netherlands
Elevation AMSL	−11 ft / −3 m
Coordinates	52°18′29″N 004°45′51″E / 52.30806°N 4.76417°E / 52.30806; 4.76417Coordinates: 52°18′29″N 004°45′51″E / 52.30806°N 4.76417°E / 52.30806; 4.76417
Website	schiphol.com
Map
AMS Location within Greater Amsterdam
Runways
Direction Length Surface m ft 18R/36L 'Polderbaan' 3,800 12,467 Asphalt 06/24 'Kaagbaan' 3,500 11,483 Asphalt 09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan' 3,450 11,319 Asphalt 18L/36R 'Aalsmeerbaan' 3,400 11,155 Asphalt 18C/36C 'Zwanenburgbaan' 3,300 10,827 Asphalt 04/22 'Oostbaan' 2,014 6,608 Asphalt
Statistics (2015)
Passengers 58,284,848 Freight (tonnes) 1,620,970 Aircraft movements 450,679 Economic & social impact $27.3 billion[2]
Sources: CBS[3] Schiphol Group[4] and AIP[5]

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (Dutch: Luchthaven Schiphol, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʏxtˌɦaːvə(n) ˌsxɪpˈɦɔl]) (IATA: AMS, ICAO: EHAM) is the main international airport of the Netherlands, located 4.9 nautical miles (9.1 km; 5.6 mi)^[5] southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, province of North Holland. It is the fifth busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers. The airport is built as a single-terminal concept: one large terminal split into three large departure halls.

Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair Cargo, Transavia and TUI Airlines Netherlands. The airport also serves as a European hub for Delta Air Lines and as a base for EasyJet and Vueling.

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war the airfield was restored quickly. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. The airport's official English name, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, reflects the original Dutch word order (Luchthaven Schiphol).

Description

Schiphol Airport is an important European airport, ranking as Europe's fifth busiest and the world's twenty second busiest by total passenger traffic in 2015 (14th in 2014 and 2013 and 16th in 2012). It also ranks as the world's fifth busiest by international passenger traffic and the world's sixteenth busiest for cargo tonnage. 52.569 million passengers passed through the airport in 2013, a 3% increase compared with 2012.^[4] Schiphol's main competitors in terms of passenger traffic and cargo throughput are London Heathrow Airport, Frankfurt Airport, Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport and Madrid–Barajas Airport.

In 2010, 65.9% of passengers using the airport flew to and from Europe, 11.7% to and from North America and 8.8% to and from Asia; cargo volume was mainly between Schiphol and Asia (45%) and North America (17%).^[6]

In 2010, 106 carriers provided a total of 301 destinations on a regular basis. Passenger destinations were offered by 91 airlines. Direct (non-stop) destinations grew by 9 to a total of 274. Regular destinations serviced exclusively by full freighters (non-passenger) grew by eight to a total of twenty-seven.^[7]

The airport is built as one large terminal (a single-terminal concept), split into three large departure halls, which connect again once airside. The most recent of these was completed in 1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section, called Terminal 4, although it is not considered a separate building. Plans for further terminal expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the one-terminal concept.

Because of intense traffic and high landing fees, some low-cost carriers decided to move their flights to smaller airports, such as Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport. Many low-cost carriers, such as EasyJet, however, continue to operate from Schiphol, using the low-cost H-pier. There have been talks about using the Lelystad Airport for low-cost carriers.^[8]

Schiphol is equipped with eighteen double jetway gates in preparation for airlines introducing the Airbus A380. Emirates was the first airline to fly the A380 to Schiphol in August 2012, deploying the aircraft on its double daily Dubai–Amsterdam service.^[9] During the summer, China Southern Airlines also uses the A380 on its Beijing–Amsterdam route.

History

Schiphol's name is derived from a former fortification named Fort Schiphol which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works.^[10] Before 1852, the Haarlemmermeer polder in which the airport lies was a large lake with some shallow areas. There are multiple stories of how the place got its name. The most popular story is that in the shallow waters sudden violent storms could claim many ships. This was the main reason for reclaiming it. In English, Schiphol translates to "Ship Grave", a reference to many ships supposedly lost in the lake. When the lake was reclaimed, however, no ship wrecks were found. Another possible origin of the name is the word 'scheepshaal'. A scheepshaal is a ditch or little canal in which ships would be towed from one lake to another. A third explanation would be that the name derived from the words "scip hol". This is a low-lying area of land (hol, like in the name Holland) from where wood would be obtained to build ships.^[11]

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase, with a few barracks and a field serving as platform and runways. When civil aircraft started to use the field (17 December 1920), it was often called Schiphol-les-bains. The Fokker aircraft manufacturer started a factory near Schiphol airport in 1919.^[12] The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely.

By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles, all 1,020 metres (3,350 ft) or less. One was extended to become today's runway 04/22; two others crossed that runway at 52°18′43″N 4°48′00″E / 52.312°N 4.800°E / 52.312; 4.800. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. A large amount of anti-aircraft defences were installed in the vicinity of the airport and fake decoy airfields were constructed in the vicinity near Bennebroek, Vijfhuizen and Vogelenzang in an attempt to confuse allied bombers. A railway connection was also constructed. Despite these defences, the airfield was still bombed intensively, and an exceptionally heavy attack on 13 December 1943 caused so much damage that it rendered the airfield unusable as an active base. After that, it served only as an emergency landing field, until the Germans themselves destroyed the remainders of the airfield at the start of Operation Market Garden. At the end of the war, the airfield was restored quickly, with the first aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, landing again on 8 July 1945.^[13]

A new terminal building was completed in 1949 and it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. Expansion came at the cost of a small town called Rijk, which was demolished to make room for the growing airport. The name of this town is remembered in the name of the present Schiphol-Rijk industrial estate. In 1967, Dutch designer Benno Wissing created signage for Schiphol Airport well known for its clear writing and thorough color-coding; to avoid confusion, he prohibited any other signage in the shades of yellow and green used.^[14] This was part of the new terminal building which replaced the older facilities once located on what is now the east side of the airport. The A-Pier of the airport was modified in 1970 to allow Boeing 747 aircraft to make use of the boarding gates.

The construction of a new Air Traffic Control tower was completed in 1991 as the existing tower could no longer oversee all of the airport. New wayfinding signage was designed that year as well by Paul Mijksenaar.^[15] A sixth runway was completed at quite some distance west of the rest of airport in 2003 and was nicknamed the Polderbaan, with the connecting taxiway crossing the A5 motorway. The distance of this runway means that taxi times to and from this runway can take between 10 and 20 minutes. It also required the construction of an additional Air Traffic Control tower as the primary tower is too far away to oversee this part of the airfield.^[16]

On 25 February 2005, a diamond robbery occurred at Schiphol's cargo terminal. The robbers used a stolen KLM van to gain airside access. The estimated value of the stones was around 75 million euros, making it one of the largest diamond robberies ever.^[17] Later that year, a fire broke out at the airport's detention centre, killing 11 people and injuring 15. The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident. Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force. A national outrage resulted in the resignation of Justice Minister Donner (CDA) and Mayor Hartog of Haarlemmermeer. Spatial Planning Minister Dekker (VVD) resigned as well, because she bore responsibility for the construction, safety, and maintenance of state-owned buildings.

Infrastructure

Terminal

Schiphol uses a one-terminal concept, where all facilities are located under a single roof, radiating from the central plaza. The terminal, though, is divided into three sections or halls designated 1, 2 and 3. To all of these halls, piers or concourses are connected. However, it is possible, on both sides of security or border inspection, to walk from between piers, even those connected to different halls. The exception to this is the low-cost pier M: once airside (past security), passengers cannot access any other areas. Border control separates Schengen from non-Schengen areas. Schiphol Airport has approximately 165 boarding gates.

Schiphol has large shopping areas as a source of revenue and as an additional attraction for passengers. Schiphol Plaza is the shopping centre before customs, hence it is used by air travelers and non-traveling visitors.

Departure Hall 1

Departure Hall 1 consists of Piers B and C, both of which are dedicated Schengen areas. Pier B has 14 gates and Pier C has 21 gates.

Departure Hall 2

Departure Hall 2 consists of Piers D and E.

Pier D is the largest pier and has two levels. The lower floor houses non-Schengen flights and the upper floor is used for Schengen flights. By using stairs, the same jetways are used to access the aircraft. Schengen gates are numbered beginning with D-59; non-Schengen gates are numbered from D-1 to D-57.

Pier E is a dedicated non-Schengen area and has 14 gates. It is typically home to SkyTeam hub airlines Delta Air Lines and KLM, along with other members, such as China Airlines and China Southern Airlines. Other Middle Eastern and Asian airlines such as EVA Air, Etihad Airways, Iran Air, Air Astana and Malaysia Airlines also typically operate out of Pier E.

Departure Hall 3

Departure Hall 3 consists of piers F, G, H and M. Pier F has 8 gates and is typically dominated by SkyTeam members such as primary airline KLM, Kenya Airways, China Airlines and China Southern Airlines, and other members. Pier G has 13 gates and is, except for pier E, the only terminal that handles daily Airbus A380 service, by Emirates and China Southern Airlines. Piers H and M have 7 gates each and are home to low-cost airlines. Piers F, G and H are non-Schengen areas. Pier M is a dedicated Schengen area.

General aviation terminal

A new general aviation terminal was opened in 2011 on the east side of the airport, operated as the KLM Jet Center. The new terminal building has a floorspace of 6,000 m² (65,000 sq ft); 1,000 m² (11,000 sq ft) for the actual terminal and lounges, 4,000 m² (43,000 sq ft) for office space and 1,000 m² (11,000 sq ft) for parking.^[18]

Other facilities

The Rijksmuseum operates an annex at the airport, offering a small overview of both classical and contemporary art.^[19] Admission to the exhibits is free. The airport museum is closed until the end of 2016, due to refurbishment.

In summer 2010, Schiphol Airport Library opened alongside the museum, providing passengers access to a collection of 1,200 books (translated into 29 languages) by Dutch authors on subjects relating to the country's history and culture. The 89.9 m² (968 sq ft) library offers e-books and music by Dutch artists and composers that can be downloaded free of charge to a laptop or mobile device.^[20] The Schiphol Airport Library closed in September 2014 for refurbishment until the end of 2016.

For aviation enthusiasts, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area, called the Panoramaterras. It is not accessible to connecting passengers unless they first exit the airport. Enthusiasts and the public can enter, free of charge, from the airport's landside. Since June 2011, it is the location for a KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100, modified to be a viewing exhibit.^[21] Besides the Panoramaterras, Schiphol has other spotting sites, especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the McDonald's restaurant at the north side of the airport.

Schiphol has its own mortuary, where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival. Since October 2006, people can also hold a wedding ceremony at Schiphol.^[22]

Schiphol is building a new state-of-the-art cube-shaped hotel with 433 rooms, rounded corners and diamond-shaped windows. The spacious atrium will have a 41-metre-high (135 ft) ceiling made of glass and will be in the heart of the building. A covered walkway will connect the hotel directly to the terminal. The hotel will be completed in 2015.^[23]

Future expansions

In 2012, Schiphol Group announced a big expansion of Schiphol, featuring a new pier,^[24] an expansion of the terminal, and a new parking garage.^[25] Pier A will be part of Departure Hall 1 which already has Pier B (14 gates) and Pier C (21 gates). The new Pier A will have 10 gates. The first activities are expected to start in 2017 and to be completed in 2019. The expansions will cost about 500 million euro.

The new Pier A will be built next to Pier B, in an area now used as a freight platform for planes. Pier A will mainly be used for flights within Europe. To handle the extra passengers that come with this new pier, Schiphol will eventually expand the terminal and build new facilities for check-ins and arrivals. From the new building, direct access will be made to the platforms of the underground railway station. When the new terminal is finished in 2023, Schiphol can handle over 70 million passengers.^[26]

Tower

The Schiphol air traffic control tower, with a height of 101 m (331 ft), was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991. Schiphol is geographically one of the world's lowest major commercial airports. The entire airport is below sea level; the lowest point sits at 3.4 m (11 ft) below sea level (or 1.4 m (4.5 ft) below the Dutch Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP)); the runways are around 3 m (9.8 ft) below NAP.^[27][28]

Runways

Schiphol has six runways, one of which is used mainly by general aviation.^[5] The northern end of the Polderbaan, the newest runway, is 7 km (4.3 mi) north of the control tower, resulting in taxi times up to 20 minutes to the terminal.

Number	Runway direction/code	Length (in metres and feet)	Runway common name	Source of the name	Surface	Notes
1	18R/36L	3,800 m 12,467 ft	Polderbaan	Decided via contest. 'Polder' is the Dutch word for land reclaimed from a body of water. Schiphol Airport is situated in a polder.	Asphalt	Newest runway, opened 2003. Located to reduce the noise impact on the surrounding population; aircraft have a lengthy 15-minute taxi to and from the Terminal. The intended landing runway for Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, which crashed in a field just short of the runway.
2	06/24	3,500 m 11,483 ft	Kaagbaan	Named after the Kagerplassen which lies at the end of the runway	Asphalt	The Kaagbaan offered a location for spotters until the spotting location was closed in January 2008.[29]
3	09/27	3,453 m 11,329 ft	Buitenveldertbaan	Named after Buitenveldert, a part of Amsterdam	Asphalt	El Al Flight 1862 was trying to make an emergency landing on this runway when it crashed into a block of flats in the Bijlmermeer.[30]
4	18L/36R	3,400 m 11,155 ft	Aalsmeerbaan	Named after Aalsmeer	Asphalt
5	18C/36C	3,300 m 10,826 ft	Zwanenburgbaan	Named after the village Zwanenburg	Asphalt	El Al Flight 1862 took off from this runway before crashing into flats in the Bijlmermeer when the plane was trying to return to the airport.[30]
6	04/22	2,014 m 6,608 ft	Oostbaan	Most Eastern (Oost) of all runways	Asphalt	In October 2010 a B-737 of Corendon Airlines overshot this short runway and ended up with its nosegear in the mud.[31]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Note: The concourses listed are not definite since very few airlines have dedicated piers or gates; the piers listed below are based on typical operations.

Airlines	Destinations	Concourse
Adria Airways	Ljubljana, Łódź	B
Aegean Airlines	Athens (begins 27 May 2016)[32] Seasonal: Heraklion, Rhodes	B
Aer Lingus	Cork, Dublin	D
Aeroflot	Moscow–Sheremetyevo	D, G
Aeroméxico	Mexico City (begins 30 May 2016)[33]	TBA
Air Arabia Maroc	Casablanca, Nador, Tangier	D, G
Air Astana	Atyrau	D
Air Cairo	Charter: Luxor	G
Air Canada	Toronto–Pearson	E, G
Air Europa	Madrid	C
Air France	Marseille, Paris–Charles de Gaulle	C
Air France operated by HOP!	Clermont–Ferrand, Nantes, Rennes (begins 27 March 2016),[34] Strasbourg	C
Air Malta	Malta	B
Air Serbia	Belgrade	D
Air Transat	Seasonal: Calgary, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver	E, G
airBaltic	Riga, Tallinn (begins 27 March 2016),[35] Vilnius	B
Alitalia	Milan–Linate, Rome–Fiumicino	B
American Airlines	Philadelphia	D, E, G
Arkia	Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion	G
AtlasGlobal	Istanbul–Atatürk	G
Austrian Airlines	Vienna	B
Belavia	Minsk	D
British Airways	London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow	D
British Airways operated by BA CityFlyer	London–City	D
Bulgaria Air	Sofia Charter: Burgas	D
Cathay Pacific	Hong Kong	G
China Airlines	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Taipei–Taoyuan	F
China Southern Airlines	Beijing–Capital, Guangzhou	F
CityJet	London–City	C
Corendon Airlines	Alanya/Gazipaşa, Ankara, Antalya, Bodrum, Dalaman, Istanbul–Atatürk, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya	D, G
Corendon Dutch Airlines	Antalya, Bodrum, Elazığ, Ercan, Gran Canaria, Hurghada, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Nador, Tetouan Seasonal: Aqaba, Banjul, Burgas, Catania (begins 9 May 2016), Eilat–Ovda, Fuerteventura, Girona (begins 2 July 2016), Heraklion, Lanzarote, Málaga, Marrakesh, Marsa Alam, Ohrid, Palma de Mallorca, Plovdiv	D, G
Croatia Airlines	Zagreb Seasonal: Dubrovnik, Pula	D
Czech Airlines	Prague	C
Delta Air Lines	Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Newark, Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma Seasonal: Salt Lake City	D, E, G
easyJet	Belfast–International, Berlin–Schönefeld, Bordeaux, Bristol, Catania (begins 7 May 2016), Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hamburg, Lisbon, Liverpool, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, London–Southend, London–Stansted, Lyon, Málaga (begins 6 May 2016), Manchester, Marseille (begins 10 May 2016), Milan-Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Naples (begins 27 March 2016),[36] Nice, Olbia, Palma de Mallorca (begins 8 May 2015), Prague, Rhodes (begins 15 June 2016), Rome–Fiumicino, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Toulouse, Venice, Vienna Seasonal: Corfu, Dubrovnik, Grenoble, Ibiza, Palermo, Salzburg, Split, Tenerife–South	H, M
easyJet Switzerland	Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva	M
EgyptAir	Cairo	G
El Al	Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion	G
Emirates	Dubai–International	G
Etihad Airways	Abu Dhabi	E
EVA Air	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Taipei–Taoyuan	E, G
Finnair	Helsinki	B
Flybe	Birmingham, Bournemouth (ends 26 March 2016), Doncaster/Sheffield (begins 27 March 2016), Exeter, Inverness, Liverpool, London–City, Manchester, Nottingham/East Midlands, Southampton	D, H
Garuda Indonesia1	Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, London–Gatwick (ends 30 March 2016)[37]	D, G
Georgian Airways	Tbilisi	D
Germanwings	Hamburg, Stuttgart	B
Iberia Express	Madrid	B
Icelandair	Reykjavík–Keflavík	C
Iran Air	Tehran–Imam Khomeini	E
Israir Airlines	Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion	G
Jet Airways	Delhi, Mumbai, Toronto–Pearson (all begin 27 March 2016)[38]	TBA
Jet2.com	Leeds/Bradford	H
Jetairfly	Nador, Tangier	C, D, E, G
Kenya Airways	Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta	F
KLM	Aberdeen, Athens, Barcelona, Bergen, Berlin–Tegel, Bilbao, Billund, Birmingham, Bordeaux, Brussels (begins 27 March 2016), Bucharest, Budapest, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Frankfurt, Geneva, Glasgow, Gothenburg–Landvetter, Hamburg, Helsinki, Istanbul–Atatürk, Kiev–Boryspil, Lisbon, London–Heathrow, Lyon, Madrid, Manchester, Milan–Linate, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Munich, Newcastle upon Tyne, Oslo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, Saint Petersburg, Stavanger, Stockholm–Arlanda, Stuttgart, Valencia (begins 23 April 2016), Venice, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin, Zürich Seasonal: Ibiza (begins 4 July 2016), Zagreb (begins 29 March 2016)[39]	B, C, D
KLM	Abu Dhabi, Accra, Almaty, Aruba, Astana (begins 3 May 2016),[40] Atlanta, Bahrain, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Bogotá, Bonaire, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cairo, Calgary, Cali, Cape Town, Chengdu, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Curaçao, Dammam, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali, Doha, Dubai–International, Edmonton, Entebbe, Guayaquil, Hangzhou, Havana, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Kigali, Kilimanjaro, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait, Lagos, Lima, Los Angeles, Luanda, Manila, Mexico City, Montréal–Trudeau, Muscat, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Panama City, Paramaribo, Quito, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão,San Francisco, Santiago de Chile, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Washington–Dulles, Xiamen Seasonal: Salt Lake City (begins 5 May 2016)[41]	D, E, F
KLM operated by KLM Cityhopper	Aalborg, Aberdeen, Ålesund, Basel/Mulhouse, Belfast–City, Berlin–Tegel, Bilbao, Billund, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bremen, Bristol, Brussels, Cardiff, Copenhagen, Dresden (begins 16 May 2016), Durham Tees Valley, Düsseldorf, Florence, Frankfurt, Geneva, Genoa (begins 22 April 2016), Gothenburg–Landvetter, Hamburg, Hanover, Helsinki, Humberside, Inverness (begins 17 May 2016), Kraków, Kristiansand, Leeds/Bradford, Linköping, London–Heathrow, Luxembourg, Lyon, Manchester, Montpellier, Munich, Nice, Norwich, Nuremberg, Prague, Sandefjord, Southampton (begins 16 May 2016), Stuttgart, Toulouse, Trondheim, Turin, Venice, Vienna, Zagreb, Zürich	B, C, D
Korean Air	Seoul–Incheon	F
LOT Polish Airlines	Warsaw–Chopin	C
Lufthansa	Frankfurt	B
Lufthansa Regional operated by Lufthansa CityLine	Frankfurt, Munich	B
Malmö Aviation	Seasonal: Umeå	B
Meridiana	Seasonal: Cagliari	B
Nordic Aviation Group operated by BMI Regional and Carpatair	Tallinn	B
Norwegian Air Shuttle	Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda	D, M
Onur Air	Istanbul–Atatürk	G
Pegasus Airlines	Antalya, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen	D, G
Qatar Airways	Doha	D, G
Royal Air Maroc	Casablanca, Nador, Tangier Seasonal: Al Hoceima, Oujda	D, G
Royal Jordanian	Amman–Queen Alia	D, G
Ryanair	Dublin	H
Scandinavian Airlines	Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda	C
Singapore Airlines	Singapore	G
SkyWork Airlines	Bern	B
Sun D'Or operated by El Al	Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion	G
SunExpress	İzmir Seasonal: Antalya, Kayseri, Konya	G
SunExpress Deutschland	Seasonal Charter: Nador	D, G
Surinam Airways	Paramaribo	G
Swiss International Air Lines	Zürich	B, C, D
TACV	Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Praia, Sao Vicente	D, G
TAP Portugal	Lisbon	B
TAP Portugal operated by Portugália	Porto	B
TAROM	Bucharest	D
Transavia	Agadir, Alanya/Gazipaşa, Alicante, Antalya, Athens, Barcelona, Bergerac (begins 4 April 2016),[42] Casablanca, Erbil, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Innsbruck, La Palma, Lanzarote, Lisbon, Málaga, Marrakech, Naples, Nice, Paris–Orly, Pisa, Porto, Seville, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Turin, Valencia, Venice Seasonal: Ajaccio, Almería, Banjul, Bari, Boa Vista, Bodrum, Burgas, Catania, Chambéry, Chania, Chios, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubai–International, Dubrovnik (begins 4 April 2016),[43] Girona, Heraklion, Ibiza, İzmir, Kalamata, Kavala, Kefalonia, Kos, Lamezia Terme, Larnaca, Malta, Monastir, Mytilene, Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Preveza, Rhodes, Sal, Salzburg, Samos, Santorini, Verona, Zakynthos	B, C, D, E
Transavia France	Paris–Orly	C
TUI Airlines Netherlands	Charter: Antalya, Aruba, Banjul, Boa Vista, Bodrum, Bonaire, Burgas, Cancún, Curaçao, Dalaman, Dubai–International, Faro,Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Heraklion, Holguín, Hurghada, Lanzarote, Málaga, Minorca, Miami, Montego bay, Orlando/Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Rhodes, Sal, Sharm el-Sheikh, Sint Maarten, Tenerife–South, Varadero, Zanzibar Seasonal charter: Corfu, Dakar, Girona, Ibiza, İzmir, Karpathos, Kefalonia, Kittilä, Kos, Marsa Alam, Ohrid, Pico (begins May 2016), Ponta Delgada, Pula, Samos, Sitia, Terceira, Tivat (begins 13 May 2016), Toronto–Pearson, Zakynthos	C, D, E, G
TUI Airlines Netherlands operated by Jetairfly	Charter: Brussels, Miami, Orlando/Sanford	C, D, E, G
Tunisair	Tunis	D, G
Turkish Airlines	Ankara, Istanbul–Atatürk, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen	G
Ukraine International Airlines	Kiev–Boryspil	D
United Airlines	Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles	D, E, G
Vueling	Alicante, Barcelona, Bilbao, Gran Canaria (begins 1 July 2016), Lisbon (begins 1 May 2016), London–Luton (begins 18 March 2016), Málaga, Milan–Malpensa, Rome–Fiumicino Seasonal: Catania (begins 30 April 2016), Ibiza, Naples (begins 1 May 2016), Palma de Mallorca, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Valencia	B
WOW air	Reykjavík–Keflavík	C
XiamenAir	Xiamen	F
Zagrosjet	Erbil	D

^1 Some of Garuda Indonesia's flights from Jakarta to Amsterdam stop in Singapore, but all flights from Amsterdam to Jakarta are nonstop.

Cargo

Airlines	Destinations
Air China Cargo	Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin
AirBridgeCargo Airlines	Anchorage, Chengdu, Chicago–O'Hare, Khabarovsk, Los Angeles, Moscow–Domodedovo, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Novosibirsk, Shanghai–Pudong, Zhengzhou
Cargolux	Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific Cargo	Chennai, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Frankfurt, Hong Kong
Centurion Air Cargo	Caracas, Houston–Intercontinental, Miami
China Airlines Cargo	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Prague, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Zhengzhou
China Southern Airlines Cargo	Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Vienna
Coyne Airways	Tbilisi
DHL Aviation	London–Heathrow
Emirates SkyCargo	Dubai–Al Maktoum, Houston–Intercontinental
Etihad Cargo operated by Atlas Air	Abu Dhabi, Bogotá, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, San Juan
FedEx Express	Oslo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Kalitta Air	Bahrain, Newark
Korean Air Cargo	Seoul–Incheon
LAN Cargo	Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cabo Frio, Campinas–Viracopos, Curitiba, Santiago de Chile
LANCO	Bogotá, Miami
Lufthansa Cargo	Aguadilla, Bogotá, Frankfurt
Martinair	Aguadilla, Bogotá, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campinas–Viracopos, Caracas, Cairo, Chicago–O'Hare, Dar es Salaam, Entebbe, Guatemala City, Harare, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Khartoum, Kigali, Lima, London–Stansted, Lusaka, Mexico City, Miami, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Quito, San José, Santiago de Chile
MASkargo	Dubai–Al Maktoum, Kuala Lumpur–International, Mumbau[44]
MNG Airlines	Istanbul–Atatürk, Munich, Tripoli–Mitiga
Nippon Cargo Airlines	Tokyo–Narita
Qatar Airways Cargo	Chicago–O'Hare, Doha
Saudia Cargo	Jeddah, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta
Silk Way Airlines	Baku
Singapore Airlines Cargo	Bangalore, Chennai, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, London–Heathrow, Mumbai, Sharjah, Singapore
Thai Airways Cargo	Bangkok–Suvarbhumi, Chennai
Turkish Airlines Cargo	Istanbul–Atatürk, London–Stansted
Uzbekistan Airways	Navoi
Yangtze River Express	Munich, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Zhengzhou

Other users

Other regular users of Schiphol are the Dutch Coast Guard whose aircraft are operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force, the Dienst Luchtvaart Politie and the Dutch Dakota Association.

Statistics

Busiest European Routes from Amsterdam Airport (2015)

Rank	Airport	Passengers 2015	Change %	Carriers
1	UK, London (Heathrow), United Kingdom	1,587,992	6.8	British Airways, KLM, KLM Cityhopper
2	Spain, Barcelona, Spain	1,202,517	-1.3	KLM, Transavia, Vueling
3	France, Paris (Charles de Gaulle), France	1,150,297	-0.8	Air France, KLM
4	Italy, Rome (Fiumicino), Italy	1,139,727	10.8	Alitalia, easyJet, KLM, Vueling
5	UK, London (Gatwick), United Kingdom	1,041,133	18.9	British Airways, easyJet, Garuda Indonesia
6	Spain, Madrid, Spain	925,200	10.1	Air Europa, KLM, Iberia Express
7	Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark	913,084	2.8	KLM, KLM Cityhopper, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavian Airlines
8	UK, Manchester, United Kingdom	858,149	17.1	easyJet, FlyBe, KLM, KLM Cityhopper
9	Germany, Frankfurt, Germany	799,450	6.1	KLM, KLM Cityhopper, Lufthansa, Lufthansa CityLine
10	Germany, Munich, Germany	789,482	7.9	KLM, KLM Cityhopper, Lufthansa, Lufthansa CityLine
11	Turkey, Istanbul (Atatürk), Turkey	777,526	23.7	AtlasGlobal, Corendon, KLM, Onur Air, Turkish Airlines
12	Switzerland, Zürich, Switzerland	761,115	5.6	KLM, KLM Cityhopper, Swiss International Air Lines
13	Sweden, Stockholm (Arlanda), Sweden	735,084	6.3	KLM, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavian Airlines
14	Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal	669,419	−0.6	easyJet, KLM, TAP Portugal, Transavia
15	Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland	649,621	1.6	easyJet Switzerland, KLM, KLM Cityhopper
16	Norway, Oslo (Gardermoen), Norway	641,066	4.3	KLM, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavian Airlines
17	Italy, Milan (Linate), Italy	624,820	14.1	Alitalia, easyJet, KLM
18	UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom	619,604	3.2	easyJet, KLM
19	Ireland, Dublin, Ireland	608,252	18.4	Aer Lingus, Ryanair
20	Turkey, Antalya, Turkey	588,583	−18.4	Corendon Airlines, Corendon Dutch Airlines, SunExpress, Transavia, TUI Airlines Netherlands
Source: http://trafficreview2015.schipholmagazines.nl/contents3.html

Busiest Intercontinental Routes from Amsterdam Airport (2015)

Rank	Airport	Passengers 2015	Change %	Carriers
1	USA, Atlanta, United States	777,557	19.7	Delta, KLM
2	UAE, Dubai, United Arab Emirates	775,009	4.0	Emirates, KLM, Transavia, TUI Airlines Netherlands
3	USA, New York (JFK), United States	661,932	-0.6	Delta, KLM
4	USA, Detroit, United States	598,460	−4.0	Delta
5	USA, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, United States	471,644	3.1	Delta
6	Curacao, Curaçao, Curaçao	459,426	7.8	KLM, TUI Airlines Netherlands
7	Thailand, Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi), Thailand	447,582	0,8	China Airlines, EVA Air, KLM
8	Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya	430,321	0,8	Kenya Airways, KLM
9	Canada, Toronto, Canada	418,507	13.9	Air Canada, Air Transat, KLM, TUI Airlines Netherlands
10	Hong_Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong	406,468	11.2	Cathay Pacific, KLM
11	Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel	390,914	12.2	Arkia Israel Airlines, easyJet, El Al, Israir, KLM, Transavia
12	China, Beijing (Capital), China	379,852	19.8	China Southern Airlines, KLM
13	Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	346,155	−3.8	KLM, Malaysia Airlines
14	Singapore, Singapore, Singapore	315,145	1.1	KLM, Singapore Airlines
15	USA, Houston, United States	311,191	-7.9	KLM, United Airlines
16	China, Shanghai (Pudong), China	294,716	1.6	KLM
17	USA, Los Angeles, United States	281,929	7.8	KLM
18	UAE, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates	274,767	2.2	Etihad Airways, KLM
19	USA, Washington (Dulles), United States	262,498	0.2	KLM, United Airlines
20	Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname	262,059	4.1	KLM, Surinam Airways
Source: http://trafficreview2015.schipholmagazines.nl/contents3.html

Countries with most air traffic movements from Amsterdam Airport (2015)

Rank	Country	movements 2015	Change %
1	UK	87,199	3.9
2	Germany	44,983	-1.4
3	Spain	29,165	6.5
4	France	28,234	6.7
5	Italy	27,606	11.8
6	US	22.647	4.6
7	Norway	17,167	-0.2
8	Switzerland	13,301	2.3
9	Denmark	13,062	1.8
10	Sweden	10,285	-2.8
Source: http://trafficreview2015.schipholmagazines.nl/contents3.html

Countries with passenger movements from/to Amsterdam Airport (2015)

Rank	Country	Passengers 2015	Change %
1	UK	8,964,262	9.0
2	US	4,992,872	3.4
3	Spain	4,447,349	7.1
4	Germany	3,932,587	8.9
5	Italy	3,529,040	13.3
6	France	2,894,698	11.3
7	Turkey	2,368,430	-3.5
8	Switzerland	1,796,623	6.7
9	Norway	1,737,096	3.2
10	Denmark	1,418,665	4.9
Source: http://trafficreview2015.schipholmagazines.nl/contents3.html

Other facilities

The TransPort Building on the Schiphol Airport property houses the head offices of Martinair and Transavia.^[45] Construction of the building, which has 10,800 m² (116,000 sq ft) of rentable space, began on 17 March 2009. Schiphol Group and the architect firm Paul de Ruiter designed the building, while De Vries and Verburg, a firm of Stolwijk, constructed the building.^[46]

The World Trade Center Schiphol Airport houses the head office of SkyTeam,^[47][48] the Netherlands office of China Southern Airlines,^[49] and the Netherlands offices of Iran Air.^[50] The head office of Schiphol Group, the airport's operator, is located on the airport property.^[51] The Convair Building, with its development beginning after a parcel was earmarked for its development in 1999, houses KLM offices,^[52] including KLM Recruitment Services and the head office of KLM Cityhopper.^[53][54] The original control tower of Schiphol Airport, which the airport authorities had moved slightly from its original location, now houses a restaurant.^[52] The area Schiphol-Rijk includes the head offices of TUI Airlines Netherlands and Amsterdam Airlines.^[55][56]

At one time KLM had its head office on the grounds of Schiphol Airport.^[57] Its current head office in Amstelveen had a scheduled completion at the end of 1970.^[58] Previously Martinair had its head office in the Schiphol Center (Dutch: Schiphol Centrum) at Schiphol Airport.^[59][60] Formerly, the head office of Transavia was in the Building Triport III at Schiphol Airport.^[61][62][63] NLM Cityhopper and later KLM Cityhopper previously had their head offices in Schiphol Airport building 70.^[64][64]

Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Europe regional headquarters at Schiphol.^[65] The National Aerospace Museum Aviodome–Schiphol was previously located at Schiphol.^[66] In 2003 the museum moved to Lelystad Airport and was renamed the "Aviodrome."^[67]

Ground transport

Rail

The Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), the national Dutch train operator, has a major passenger railway station directly underneath the passenger terminal complex that offers transportation into Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Hague, Rotterdam and many other cities.^[68] There are intercity connections to Amsterdam Centraal, Utrecht Centraal, both The Hague Centraal and The Hague HS, Rotterdam Centraal, Eindhoven, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leeuwarden, Groningen, Enschede, Arnhem, Nijmegen and Heerlen. Schiphol is also a stop for the Thalys international high-speed train, connecting the airport directly to Antwerp, Brussels, Lille and Paris, as well as to Bourg St Maurice (winter) and Marseille (summer).

Bus

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is also easily accessible by bus, as many services call or terminate at the bus station located outside in front of the terminal building.^[69]

Destination	Service(s)	Remarks
Aalsmeer	198
Alphen aan den Rijn	370
Amstelveen	186, 187, 199, 300, night bus N30
Amsterdam, Leidseplein/Innercity	197, night bus N97 Airport Express Bus	Leidseplein is the closest destination to Amsterdam's city centre that is served by bus from Schiphol.
Amsterdam, Osdorp	69, 194
Amsterdam, Slotervaart	69
Amsterdam, Amsterdam–Zuid and Buitenveldert	310
Haarlem	300, night bus N30
Hoofddorp	300, 310, night bus N30
Keukenhof Gardens	858 (seasonal)
Lisse	361
Leimuiden	370
Ouderkerk aan de Amstel	300, night bus N30
Noordwijk	361
Sassenheim	361
Vijfhuizen	300, night bus N30
Zoetermeer	365

Car

Schiphol Airport can easily be reached by car via the A4 and A9 motorways.

Accidents and incidents

• On 14 November 1946, a Douglas C-47 operated by KLM from London approached Schiphol during bad weather conditions. The first two attempts to land failed. During the third attempt, the pilot realized that the airplane was not lined up properly with the runway. The aircraft made a sharp left turn at low speed, causing the left wing to hit the ground. The airplane crashed and caught fire, killing all 26 people on board.
• On 4 October 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747 cargo airplane heading to Tel Aviv suffered physical engine separation of both right-wing engines (#3 and #4) just after taking off from Schiphol and crashed into an apartment building in the Bijlmer neighbourhood of Amsterdam while attempting to return to the airport. A total of 43 people were killed, including the plane's crew of three and a non-revenue passenger. Several others were injured.
• On 4 April 1994, Flight KL433 to Cardiff, a Saab 340 operated by KLM Cityhopper, returned to Schiphol after setting the number two engine to flight idle because the crew mistakenly believed that the engine suffered from low oil pressure because of a faulty warning light. On final approach at a height of 90 ft (27 m), the captain decided to go-around and gave full throttle on only the number one engine leaving the other in flight idle. The airplane rolled to the right, pitched up, stalled and hit the ground at 80 degrees bank. Of the twenty-four people on board, three were killed including the captain. Nine others were seriously injured.
• On 25 February 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, a Boeing 737-800 from Istanbul crashed on approach, just 1 km (0.6 mi) short of the airport's Polderbaan runway. The plane carried 128 passengers and 7 crew on board. 9 people were killed and a further 86 were injured, including six with serious injuries. Four of the dead were employees of Boeing, involved in an advanced radar deal with Turkey. An initial report from the Dutch Safety Board revealed that the left radio altimeter had failed to provide the correct height above the ground and suddenly reported −8 ft (−2.4 m). As a result of this the autothrottle system closed the thrust levers to idle, as it is programmed to reduce thrust when below 27 ft (8.2 m) radio altitude. This eventually resulted in a dropping airspeed which was not acted upon until it was too late to recover, and the aircraft stalled and crashed in a field.

Canon of Amsterdam

• Schiphol is window number 35 in the Canon of Amsterdam.

See also

• Transport in the Netherlands
• Hello Goodbye (TV series)

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Schiphol Airport.

• Official website
• Fire Brigade Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
• Accident history for AMS at Aviation Safety Network

Haarlemmermeer Municipality Settlements Aalsmeerderbrug Abbenes Badhoevedorp Beinsdorp Boesingheliede Buitenkaag Burgerveen Cruquius De Hoek Hoofddorp 't Kabel Leimuiderbrug Lijnden Lisserbroek Nieuwe Meer Nieuwebrug Nieuw-Vennep Oude Meer Rijsenhout Rozenburg Schiphol Schiphol-Rijk Vijfhuizen Weteringbrug Zwaanshoek Zwanenburg See also: Category:Haarlemmermeer Province: North Holland Country: Netherlands

Airports in the Netherlands Major international Amsterdam Schiphol Minor international Bonaire Eindhoven Groningen Maastricht/Aachen Rotterdam/The Hague Saba St. Eustatius Military Deelen Air Base De Kooy Airfield Gilze-Rijen Air Base Leeuwarden Air Base Lieutenant General Best Barracks Volkel Air Base Woensdrecht Air Base Unscheduled Enschede Lelystad Valkenburg