List of monarchs of Afghanistan
| Monarchy of Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
|
| |
|
Mohammed Zahir Shah | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| First monarch | Mirwais Hotak |
| Last monarch | Mohammed Zahir Shah |
| Formation | 1709 |
| Abolition | 17 July 1973 |
| Residence | |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Pretender(s) | Ahmad Shah Khan |
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In 1709, Mirwais Hotak and his Afghan tribal chiefs from Kandahar organized themselves and successfully freed their land from Mughal and Persian rule.[1] Mirwais built a large fortress for himself and turned the town of Kandahar to serve as the capital of the Hotak Empire.[2][3] After a long series of wars, this empire was eventually replaced by the Durrani Afghan Empire that was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747.[4][5] Ahmad Shah Durrani is regarded as "the Father of the Nation",[6][7][8] Mirwais Hotak as "the Grandfather" and Mohammed Zahir Shah as the last King of Afghanistan.
Hotak Empire (1709–1738)
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mirwais Hotak
|
1673 – 1715 | 1709 | 1715 | Hotak |  |
|
| Abdul Aziz Hotak
|
Died 1717 | 1715 | 1717 | Brother of Mirwais Hotak | Hotak | |
Mahmud Hotak
|
1697 – 22 April 1725 | 1717 | 22 April 1725 | Son of Mirwais Hotak | Hotak |  |
Ashraf Hotak
|
Died 1730 | 22 April 1725 | 1730 | Nephew of Mirwais Hotak | Hotak |  |
| Hussain Hotak
|
Died 1738 | 22 April 1725 | 24 March 1738 | Son of Mirwais Hotak | Hotak |  |
Durrani Empire (1747–1823)
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmad Shah Durrani
|
1722 – 16 October 1772 | 1747 | 16 October 1772 | Durrani |  |
|
| Timur Shah Durrani
|
1748 – 18 May 1793 | 16 October 1772 | 18 May 1793 | Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
| Zaman Shah Durrani
|
1770–1844 | 18 May 1793 | 25 July 1801 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
| Mahmud Shah Durrani (1st reign) |
1769 – 18 April 1829 | 25 July 1801 | 13 July 1803 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
| Shuja Shah Durrani (1st reign) |
4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842 | 13 July 1803 | 3 May 1809 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
| Mahmud Shah Durrani (2nd reign) |
1769 – 18 April 1829 | 3 May 1809 | 1818 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani | |
| Ali Shah Durrani
|
1818 | 1819 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani | |
|
| Ayub Shah Durrani
|
Died 1 October 1837 | 1819 | 1823 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani | |
Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926)
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dost Mohammad Khan (1st reign) |
23 December 1793 – 9 June 1863 | 1823 | 2 August 1839 (deposed) |
Son of Sardar Payendah Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Shuja Shah Durrani (2nd reign)
|
4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842 | 7 August 1839 | 5 April 1842 | Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani | |
| Akbar Khan
|
1816–1845 | 5 April 1842 | 1845 | Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Dost Mohammad Khan (2nd reign) |
23 December 1793 – 9 June 1863 | 1845 | 9 June 1863 | Son of Sardar Payendah Khan | Barakzai | |
| Sher Ali Khan (1st reign) |
1825 – 21 February 1879 | 9 June 1863 | 1865 (deposed) |
Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Mohammad Afzal Khan
|
1811 – 7 October 1867 | 1865 | 7 October 1867 | Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Mohammad Azam Khan
|
Died 21 February 1868 | 7 October 1867 | 21 February 1868 | Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Sher Ali Khan (2nd reign) |
1825 – 21 February 1879 | 7 October 1868 | 21 February 1879 | Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai | |
| Mohammad Yaqub Khan
|
1849 – 15 November 1923 | 21 February 1879 | 12 October 1879 (deposed) |
Son of Sher Ali Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Mohammad Ayub Khan
|
1857 – 7 April 1914 | 12 October 1879 | 31 May 1880 (deposed) |
Son of Sher Ali Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Abdur Rahman Khan
|
1840/44 – 1 October 1901 | 31 May 1880 | 1 October 1901 | Son of Mohammad Afzal Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Habibullah Khan
|
3 June 1872 – 20 February 1919 | 1 October 1901 | 20 February 1919 | Son of Abdur Rahman Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Nasrullah Khan
|
1874–1920 | 20 February 1919 | 28 February 1919 (deposed) |
Son of Abdur Rahman Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Amanullah Khan
|
1 June 1892 – 25 April 1960 | 28 February 1919 | 9 June 1926 | Son of Habibullah Khan | Barakzai |  |
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973)
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amanullah Khan
|
1 June 1892 – 25 April 1960 | 9 June 1926 | 14 January 1929 (deposed) |
Son of Habibullah Khan | Barakzai | |
| Inayatullah Khan
|
20 October 1888 – 12 August 1946 | 14 January 1929 | 17 January 1929 (deposed) |
Son of Habibullah Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Habibullah Kalakani
|
19 January 1891 – 3 November 1929 | 17 January 1929 | 16 October 1929 (deposed) |
Non-Dynastic |  |
|
| Mohammed Nadir Shah
|
9 April 1883 – 8 November 1933 | 16 October 1929 | 8 November 1933 | Great-nephew of Dost Mohammed Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Mohammed Zahir Shah
|
15 October 1914 – 23 July 2007 | 8 November 1933 | 17 July 1973 (deposed) |
Son of Mohammed Nadir Shah | Barakzai |  |
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohammed Omar (1st and last) |
c. 1960 – 23 April 2013 | 27 September 1996 | 13 November 2001 (deposed) |
Son of a peasant from Kandahar Province | Hotak tribe |
Royal Standard
-
.svg.png)
Royal Standard of Afghanistan 1931–1973.
See also
- List of Presidents of Afghanistan
- President of Afghanistan
- Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- Name of Afghanistan
- History of Afghanistan
- List of Pashtun empires and dynasties
References
- ↑ "An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722-1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ↑ Otfinoski, Steven (2004). Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0-8160-5056-2. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ↑ Malleson, George Bruce (1878). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878. London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN 1-4021-7278-8. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ↑ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747.
- ↑ "Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ↑ Ganḍā, Singh (1959). Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan. Asia Pub. House. p. 457. ISBN 1-4021-7278-8. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ↑ "Ahmad Shah and the Durrani Empire". Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. 1997. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ↑ "Aḥmad Shah Durrānī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
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