Ambric
Ambric architecture and processors were developed by Ambric, Inc. Its Am2045 Massively Parallel Processor Array (MPPA) chips were primarily used in high-performance embedded systems such as medical imaging, video, and signal-processing. Ambric was founded in 2003, developed and introduced the Am2045 and its software tools in 2007, and fell victim to the crash of 2008. Ambric's Am2045 and tools remained available through Nethra Imaging, Inc., which closed in 2012.
Architecture and Programming Model
Ambric architecture is a massively parallel distributed memory multiprocessor, based on the Structural Object Programming Model.[1][2] Each processor is programmed in conventional Java (a strict subset) and/or assembly code. The hundreds of processors on the chip send data and control messages to one another through an interconnect of reconfigurable, self-synchronizing channels, which provide both communication and synchronization.[3] The model of computation is very similar to a Kahn process network with bounded buffers.
Devices and Tools
The Am2045 device has 336 32-bit RISC-DSP fixed-point processors and 336 2-kB memories, which run at up to 300 MHz. It has an Eclipse-based integrated development environment including editor, compiler, assemblers, simulator, configuration generator, source-code debugger and video/image-processing, signal-processing, and video-codec libraries.
Power and Performance
The Am2045 delivers 1 TeraOPS (Operations Per Second) and 50 Giga-MACs (Multply-Accumulates per second) of fixed-point processing with 6-12W of power consumed (dependent on the application).
Applications
Ambric's MPPA devices were used for high-definition, 2K and 4K video compression, transcoding and analysis, image recognition, medical imaging, signal-processing, software defined radio and other compute-intensive streaming media applications, which otherwise would use FPGA, DSP and/or ASIC chips. The company claimed advantages such as higher performance and energy efficiency, scalability, higher productivity due to software programming rather than hardware design, and off-the-shelf availability.
Video codec libraries were available for a variety of professional camera and video editing formats such as DVCPRO HD, VC-3(DNxHD), AVC-Intra and others.
An X-Ray customer system employs over 13,000 cores contained in 40 Am2045 chips, doing 3D reconstruction, in under 500W, in a single ATCA chassis.[4]
Related
Other MPPAs include picoChip and IntellaSys, and the UC Davis's AsAP research chip. Related manycore devices include Aspex Semiconductor, Cavium, ClearSpeed, Coherent Logix, SPI, Tilera and others. The more established processor companies Texas Instruments and Freescale offer multicore products, but with a lower number of processors (typically 3-8) and use traditional shared-memory, timing-sensitive programming models.
Recognition
Microprocessor Report gave a 2006 MPR Analysts’ Choice Award for Innovation for the Ambric-architecture "for the design concept and architecture of its massively parallel processor, the Am2045".[5]
References
- ↑ Mike Butts, Anthony Mark Jones, Paul Wasson, "A Structural Object Programming Model, Architecture, Chip and Tools for Reconfigurable Computing", Proceedings of FCCM, April 2007, IEEE Computer Society
- ↑ Anthony Mark Jones, Mike Butts. "TeraOPS Hardware: A New Massively-Parallel MIMD Computing Fabric IC", IEEE Hot Chips Symposium, August 2006, IEEE Computer Society
- ↑ Mike Butts, "Synchronization through Communication in a Massively Parallel Processor Array", IEEE Micro, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 32-40, September/October 2007, IEEE Computer Society
- ↑ FPGA Gurus, EDN, "Ambric Lives On in a Parallel Universe", June 29. 2011,
- ↑ Microprocessor Report Announces First Group of Winners for the Eighth Annual MPR Analysts’ Choice Awards, February 20, 2007,
Further reading
- Tom Halfhill, "Ambric's New Parallel Processor", Microprocessor Report, October 10, 2006.
- Tom Halfhill, "MPR Innovation Award: Ambric", Microprocessor Report, February 20, 2007.