Allison J35

J35

The exhaust end of an Allison J35
Type	Turbojet
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	General Electric Allison Engine Company
First run	1946
Major applications	F-84 Thunderjet F-89 Scorpion
Developed into	Allison J71

The General Electric/Allison J35 was originally developed by General Electric (GE company designation TG-180) in parallel with the Whittle-based centrifugal-flow J33, and was the United States Air Force's first axial-flow (straight-through airflow) compressor engine. The J35 was fairly simple, consisting of an eleven-stage axial-flow compressor and a single-stage turbine. With the afterburner, which most models carried, it produced a thrust of 7,400 lbf (32.92 kN).

Like the J33, the design of the J35 originated at General Electric, but major production was by the Allison Engine Company.

Operational history

The General Electric J35 first flew in the Republic XP-84 Thunderjet in 1946. Late in 1947, complete responsibility for the development and production of the engine was transferred to the Allison Division of the General Motors Corporation and some J35s were also built by GM's Chevrolet division.^[1] More than 14,000 J35s had been built by the time production ended in 1955.

The J35 was used to power the Bell X-5 variable-sweep research aircraft and various prototypes such as the Douglas XB-43 Jetmaster, North American XB-45 Tornado, Convair XB-46, Boeing XB-47 Stratojet, Martin XB-48, and Northrop YB-49. It is probably best known, however, as the engine used in two of the leading fighters of the United States Air Force (USAF) in the 1950s; the Republic F-84 Thunderjet and the Northrop F-89 Scorpion.

A largely redesigned development of the J35 was later produced as the Allison J71, developing 10,900 lbf (48.49 kN) thrust.

Variants

J35-GE-2: 3,820 lbf (16.99 kN) thrust, prototypes built by General Electric.
J35-GE-7: 3,745 lbf (16.66 kN) thrust, built by General Electric, powered the 2 Republic XP-84 Thunderjet prototypes
J35-GE-15: 4,000 lbf (17.79 kN) thrust, built by General Electric, powered the sole Republic XP-84A Thunderjet
J35-A-3: 4,000 lbf (17.79 kN) thrust
J35-C-3: 3,820 lbf (16.99 kN) thrust, production by Chevrolet.
J35-C-3: 4,000 lbf (17.79 kN) thrust, production by Chevrolet.
J35-A-5: 4,000 lbf (17.79 kN) thrust
J35-A-9: 4,000 lbf (17.79 kN) thrust
J35-A-11: 6,000 lbf (26.69 kN) thrust
J35-A-13: 5,200 lbf (23.13 kN) thrust
J35-A-13C
J35-A-15: 4,000 lbf (17.79 kN) thrust, powered the 15 Republic YP-84 Thunderjets
J35-A-15C: 4,000 lbf (17.79 kN) thrust
J35-A-17: 4,900 lbf (21.80 kN) thrust
J35-A-17D: 5,000 lbf (22.24 kN) thrust
J35-A-19: 5,000 lbf (22.24 kN) thrust
J35-A-21: 5,600 lbf (24.91 kN) thrust, 7,400 lbf (32.92 kN) with afterburner
J35-A-23: 10,900 lbf (48.49 kN) thrust, original designation for the Allison J71
J35-A-29: 5,560 lbf (24.73 kN) thrust
J35-A-35: 7,200 lbf (32.03 kN) with afterburner
J35-A-33: 5,600 lbf (24.91 kN) thrust, 7,400 lbf (32.92 kN) with afterburner
J35-A-35: 5,440 lbf (24.20 kN) thrust, 7,200 lbf (32.03 kN) with afterburner

Applications

Specifications (J35-A-35)

Allison J35 (GE), 1947 (National Naval Aviation Museum, Pensacola, FL).

Cutaway of J35 combustor dome

Cutaway of J35 fuel atomizer

Data from ^[2]

General characteristics

Type: Afterburning turbojet
Length: 195.5 in (4,970 mm) including afterburner
Diameter: 43 in (1,100 mm)
Dry weight: 2,315 lb (1,050 kg) dry, 2,930 lb (1,330 kg) including afterburner

Components

Compressor: 11-stage axial compressor
Combustors: Eight tubular inter-connected combustion chambers
Turbine: Single-stage axial
Fuel type: Aviation kerosene, JP-4, MIL-F-5624 or 100/130 octane gasoline
Oil system: Dry sump pressure system with spur gear pressure and scavenge pumps at 35 psi (241.32 kPa)

Performance

Maximum thrust:
5,600 lbf (24.91 kN) at 8,000 rpm
7,400 lbf (32.92 kN) with afterburner
Overall pressure ratio: 5:1
Air mass flow: 91 lb (41 kg) / sec at take-off power
Specific fuel consumption: 1.1 lb/lbf/hr (112.13 kg/kN/hr)
Thrust-to-weight ratio: 2.53 lbf/lb (0.025 kN/kg)
Maximum operating altitude: 50,000 ft (15,000 m)
Cost: US$ 46,000 each

References

Notes

↑
↑ Bridgman, Leonard (1955). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1955-56. London: Jane's all the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd.

Bibliography

Kay, Anthony L. (2007). Turbojet History and Development 1930-1960 Volume 2:USSR, USA, Japan, France, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Hungary (1st ed.). Ramsbury: The Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1861269393.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Allison J35.

"Foremost American Turbojet" a 1948 Flight article

General Electric aircraft engines

Turbojets	CJ610 CJ805 GE1 GE4/J5P J31 J33 J35 J47 J73 J79 J85 J87 YJ93 J97 YJ101

Turbofans	CF6 CF34 CF700 CFE738† CFM56/F108† CJ805-23 F101 F110 F118 YF120 F136† F404/F412/RM12 F414 GE90 GEnx GP7000† HF120† LEAP† Passport TF34 TF39 RM12

Turboprops/Turboshafts	GE27 GE36 GE38-1B H80 T31 T58/CT58 T64/CT64 T407 T408 T700/CT7 Advanced Turboprop

Aeroderivative gas turbine engines	LM500 LM1500 LM1600 LM2500 LM6000 LMS100 LV100†

† Joint development aeroengines

Allison Engine Company aircraft engines

V engines	VG-1410 V-1710 V-3420 X-4520

Turbojets	J33 J35 J71 J102

Turbofans	AE 3007 AR.168R† TF41

Turboprops/Turboshafts	250/T63 AE 2100 T38 T40 T54 T56 T406 T701

Propfan	578-DX†

† Joint development aeroengines

United States military gas turbine aircraft engine designation system

Turbojets	J30 J31 J32 J33 J34 J35 J36 J37 XJ38 J39 J40 XJ41 J42 J43 J44 J45 J46 J47 J48 XJ49 J51 J52 J53 J54 J55 J56 J57 J58 J59 J60 J61 J63 J65 J67 J69 J71 J73 J75 J79 J81 J83 J85 J87 J89 J91 YJ93 J95 J97 J99 J100 YJ101 J102 J400 J401 J402 J403 J700

Turboprops/ Turboshafts	T30 T31 T33 T34 T35 T36 T37 T38 T39 T40 T41 T42 T43 T44 T45 T46 T47 T48 T49 T50 T51 T52 T53 T54 T55 T56 T57 T58 T60 T61 T62 T63 T64 T65 T66 T67 T68 T69 T70 T71 T72 T73 T74 T76 T78 T80 T100 T101 T400 T405 T406 T407 T408 T700 T701 T702 T703 T706 T708 T800

Turbofans	TF30 TF31 TF32 TF33 TF34 TF35 TF37 TF39 TF41 F100 F101 F102 F103 F104 F105 F106 F107 F108 F109 F110 F112 F113 F117 F118 F119 YF120 F121 F122 F124 F125 F126 F127 F128 F129 F135 F136 F137 F138 F400 F401 F402 F404 F405 F408 F412 F414 F415

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