All rights reserved

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The phrase "All Rights Reserved" appearing on a DVD.
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"All rights reserved" is a phrase that originated in copyright law as a formal requirement for copyright notice. It indicates that the copyright holder reserves, or holds for their own use, all the rights provided by copyright law under one specific copyright treaty.

Origins

The phrase appears to have originated as a result of the Buenos Aires Convention of 1910. Article 3 of the Convention granted copyright in all signatory countries to a work registered in any signatory country, as long as a statement "that indicates the reservation of the property right" (emphasis added) appeared in the work.[1] The phrase "all rights reserved" was not specified in the text, but met this requirement.

Other international copyright treaties did not require this formality. For example, the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC), adopted in 1952, adopted the © symbol as an indicator of protection.[2] (The symbol had been introduced in the US by a 1954 amendment to the Copyright Act of 1909.[3]) The Berne Convention rejected formalities altogether in Article 4 of the 1908 revision,[4] so authors seeking to protect their works in countries that had signed on to the Berne Convention were also not required to use the "all rights reserved" formulation. However, because not all Buenos Aires signatories were members of Berne or the UCC, and in particular the United States did not join UCC until 1955, a publisher in a Buenos Aires signatory seeking to protect a work in the greatest number of countries between 1910 and 1952 would have used both the phrase "all rights reserved" and the copyright symbol.[5]

Obsolescence

The requirement to add the "all rights reserved" notice became essentially obsolete on August 23, 2000 when Nicaragua became the final member of the Buenos Aires Convention to also become a signatory to the Berne Convention. As of that date, every country that was a member of the Buenos Aires Convention (which is the only copyright treaty requiring this notice to be used) was also a member of Berne, which requires protection be granted without any formality of notice of copyright.[6]

The phrase continues to hold popular currency and serves as a handy convention widely used by artists, writers, and content creators to prevent ambiguity and clearly spell out the warning that their content cannot be copied freely.[6]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Copyright law.
  1. ↑ Engelfriet, Arnoud (2006). "The phrase "All rights reserved"". Ius mentis. Archived from the original on 1 January 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  2. ↑ "International Copyright". U.S. Copyright Office. November 2009. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  3. ↑ Copyright Law Revision: Study 7: Notice of Copyright (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1960.
  4. ↑ "Copyright Registrations and Formalities". World Intellectual Property Organization. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  5. ↑ Jonathan de Boyne Pollard (2004). ""All rights reserved." in a copyright declaration is nearly always just chaff.". Frequently Given Answers. Archived from the original on March 20, 2005.
  6. 1 2 Schwabach, Aaron (Jan 15, 2014). Internet and the Law: Technology, Society, and Compromises. ABC-CLIO. p. 149. ISBN 9781610693509. OCLC 879423922. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
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