Alairac

Coat of arms

Alairac

Location within Languedoc-Roussillon region

Alairac

Coordinates: 43°11′06″N 2°14′29″E / 43.185°N 2.2414°ECoordinates: 43°11′06″N 2°14′29″E / 43.185°N 2.2414°E

Country

France

Region

Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées

Montréal, Aude

Carcassonne Agglo

Government

• Mayor (1971–2020)

Roger Adiveze

Area¹

16.37 km² (6.32 sq mi)

Population (2010)²

1,279

• Density

78/km² (200/sq mi)

INSEE/Postal code

11005 / 11290

Elevation

158–422 m (518–1,385 ft)
(avg. 190 m or 620 ft)

¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

² Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Alairac is a commune in the Aude department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Alairacois, or Alairacoises.^[1]

Geography

The commune is in the urban area of Carcassonne and is located on a hillock at the foot of the Malepère mountain range. Alairac is a traditional circulade village dating to 1000AD. The commune has been part of the agglomeration community called Carcassonne Agglo since 1 January 2010.

The commune is located some 80 km south-east of Toulouse and only 6 km south-west of Carcassonne. The Motorway E80 (A61) passes across the northern tip of the commune but has no exit. The commune can be reached by Road D18 from Carcassone which passes in a south-westerly direction through the heart of the commune towards Cailhau. Road D211 also passes through the commune from Arzens in the west to Lavalette in the east passing to the north of Alairac village. The village can be reached by a number of local roads from both the D211 and the D18. The commune is both farmland and forest with a two small hamlets: Galet and Les Rougeats.^[2]

Several streams pass through the commune. In the east the Ruisseau Saint Pierre forms the eastern border of the commune, the Ruisseau de Bonne Mere forms the southern boundary, and the Ruisseau du Sout forms the western boundary. Inside the commune there are several streams with the Ruisseau de Celule Ou Gautel passing near the village. All the streams eventually flow into the Aude river which continues east into the Mediterranean Sea.^[2]

Neighbouring communes and towns^[2]

Aigrefeuille-d’Aunis

Cailhau

Montclar

Roullens

Geology, topography and hydrography

The village overlooks the plain where the Canal du Midi to the north of the commune towards Carcassone and the view extends over a panorama limited to the north by the Montagne Noire (Black Mountain). To the north-east is the city of Carcassonne and to the south the Malepère mountain range covered in oak forest, the domain of wild boar and mushroom collectors.

Climate

The village has an oceanic climate with a strong Mediterranean influence. This area is dominated by Holly Oak forests which makes it suitable for the cultivation of the grapevines. The summers are temperate and the winters mild.

History

The first written record of the castle appeared in 1063: the time of the probable construction of the circulade. The area belonged to the Count of Foix, the first of which was Roger I de Foix who was the second son of Bernard-Roger, Count of Bigorre. Over the years, he exchanged the County of Foix with the Viscount of Carcassonne several times to the Trencavel family.

From the 11th century, the village was traversed by one of the paths to Saint Jacques de Compostela called "Path of the Pyrenean Piedmont". This pilgrimage continued until the 18th century.

During the Albigensian Crusade at Easter 1210, Simon de Montfort besieged the castle at Alairac for eleven days at which the people, fearing they may have to surrender, fled by night. In 1309, the last known Cathar perfect, Guillaume Bélibaste, fled Catalonia with Philippe of Alayrac. The latter, on his return home after ten years of exile, was probably captured and burned.

Sign at the entrance of the village

On hearing the sound of an approaching large company from Routiers in 1366, the officers of the Bailiwick of Carcassonne ordered the inhabitants of the castle at Alairac — which belonged to Jean d'Armagnac — to fortify it and destroy the surrounding area. Having failed to execute the order, the Viscount angrily set fire to the castle which was completely burned. Later, the Count of Armagnac ceded the land of Alairac to the Marquis of Mirepoix in 1404.

The lordship was sold at the beginning of the 18th century to a citizen of Carcassonne. This lordship was extinguished by the Revolution in 1789.

During the First World War from 1914–18, the village lost nineteen people whose names are inscribed on the memorial. Every year on 11 November, this sacrifice is remembered by reading their names during a ceremony attended by schoolchildren.

During the Algerian War, many young people from Alairac were called to fight. One of them was killed. Every 19 March the laying of wreaths takes place to commemorate the date the Évian Accords came into force.

Heraldry

	Or means a gold background, pale, in heraldry is a vertical band in the middle of the shield and bounded by two lines, tapering: indicates the tapering of the pale, Vert: means the colour green Blazon: Or, a pale tapering of Vert.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Alairac^[3]

From	To	Name	Party
1862	1871	Louis Guilhem
1871	1871	Guilhem benoit
1871	1900	Jean Fages
1900	1919	Guilhem Achilles
1919	1929	Fages Irenaeus
1929	1935	Gaston Vidal
1935	1945	Fages Irenaeus
1945	1952	Urban Marcerou
1952	1953	André Mouls
1953	1971	Carrie Antonin
1971	2020	Roger Adiveze	PS

(Not all data is known)

Demography

In 2010, the commune had 1,279 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.^{[Note 1]}

Population Change (See database)

1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851
394	562	628	574	580	594	614	610	636

1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896
605	546	512	483	530	547	574	543	496

1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954
506	517	507	506	513	503	510	502	415

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2009	2010
391	357	359	537	618	708	1,107	1,263	1,279

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Economy

Viticulture: Malepère (AOC)

Culture and heritage

A milestone on the Way of Saint James

Civil heritage

The Circulade of Alairac with its circular boulevard called Rond Saint-Germain: the heart of the village
The War memorial surmounted by a Gallic rooster on which is inscribed the names of the twenty young men of the village who were killed during the wars of the 20th century
A Courtyard shaded by acacias at the primary school dating from 1935
The village is crossed by one of the roads of the Way of Saint James leading to Saint-Jacques de Compostela

Religious heritage

The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

The Parish Church of Saint Germain (14th century)^[4] with an octagonal bell tower which originally served as a Fortified tower. The Church contains two items that are registered as historical objects:
- A Chalice with Paten (19th century)^[5]
- A Chalice with Paten (19th century)^[6]
The Catuffe Cross (1645)^[7] on the Chamin des Castelles.
The Alairac Cross (17th century),^[8] a Saint Germain style round cross.

Gallery

Church of Saint-Germain d'Alairac
Octagonal Bell Tower from the 13th century
Saint-Germain round cross
Twenty names engraved on the War memorial
The Cross of Catufe from the 17th century
The courtyard of the primary school
Snow on the primary school courtyard

Culture and festivals

The Alain Cazalis Library is associated with the library of the Aude
In March there is Printemps de notes (Spring notes), an artistic and musical festival of Alairac in Malepère
In May De circulade en circulade is hosted, comprising plays, lectures, and local bands together with fourteen other circulade villages of Aude.
On the first Sunday of June there is a hunting feast with a Mass for Saint Hubert to bless the packs of dogs
In the last weekend of July there is the village fete

Children's activities

There is a hall for teenagers (12–17 years old) organised by the CIAS of Carcassonne. This activity is supervised by Mathieu Bruno the organiser.

Facilities

Education

In total one hundred and fifty children were enrolled in the Alairac public school in 2012 which has both a primary school^[9] built in 1935 and a kindergarten which was built in 2002
From eleven years old most of the children go to the Varsovie College at Carcassonne.

Sports

Football club of the Malepère in association with Lavalette and Roullens
Tennis accord between the Malepère and Alairac, Caux-et-Sauzens, Preixan, Arzens, and Lavalette.
Cycling Club
Motorcycle club, with the Escande track and the motocross international circuit at Escande

Notable people linked to the commune

Philippe of Alayrac, companion of the last Cathar Perfect, Guillaume Bélibaste
André Mouls, playwright and Occitan poet
Alain Cazalis (1950-2012), Deputy Mayor, Deputy for Culture, defender of "rural culture", including the creator of the Spring notes festival and initiator of the association De circulade en circulade
Roger Adivèze former regional councilor, officer of the Legion of Honour, mayor since 1971 and vice president of the Carcassonne Agglo since January 2010, and also Chairman of the management centre of the territorial public service of Aude.

Notes and references

Notes

↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 , the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

↑ Inhabitants of Aude (French)
1 2 3 Google Maps
↑ List of Mayors of France (French)
↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00102513 Parish Church of Saint Germain (French)
↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM11000591 Chalice with Paten (French)
↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM11000590 Chalice with Paten (French)
↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00102512 Catuffe Cross (French)
↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00102511 Alairac Cross (French)
↑ Alairac School (French)

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Communes of the Aude department

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Alairac